WAYRAKIT: empoderamiento tecnológico ciudadano desde la gobernanza de datos

Abstract

This article first presents a theoretical framework to define the so-called 'social technologies', as well as the concept of 'data governance' from the social sciences, in order to propose the existence of a symbiotic relationship between the collection of relevant data by a community and its respective empowerment expressed in social and political action. Secondly, the case study called WAYRAKIT is presented as an example of social technology applied to environmental data governance. For this purpose, the characteristics of the electronic device and the intervention carried out with volunteers in the city of Pasto (Colombia) in the social prototyping process will be detailed. Thirdly, the results obtained are discussed and it is concluded that data governance may be the most appropriate process for the relevant appropriation of a technology if three information management capabilities are taken into account in the device: Vision capability, as the possibility of identifying the importance of the data; Voice capability, as the possibility of actively interacting with the data; and Will capability, as the possibility of taking the data to political action to implement changes in the institutions.

Keywords

Social technologies

data governance

technological empowerment

social innovation

environmental environmental

References

Alcaldía de Pasto. (2020). Plan de Desarrollo Municipal: Pasto la Gran Capital 2020-2023. Alcaldía de Pasto. https://concejodepasto.gov.co/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/PDMCONCEJO-MUNICIPAL-PASTO.pdf

Alcaldía de Pasto. (6 de junio de 2022). Pasto tendrá, por primera vez en su historia, estaciones de control para monitorear la calidad del aire. https://www.pasto.gov.co/index.php/gestionambiental/14961-pasto-tendra-por-primera- vez-en-su-historia-estaciones-de-control-paramonitorear-la-calidad-del-aire

Balestrini, M., Rogers, Y., Hassan, C., Creus, J., King, M. y Marshall, P. (2017). A City in Common: A Framework to Orchestrate Large-scale Citizen Engagement around Urban Issues. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2282-2294. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025915

Benfeldt, O. (2017). A Comprehensive Review of Data Governance Literature. Selected Papers of the IRIS, 8, 120-133. http://aisel.aisnet.org/iris2017/3

BID. (2011). Pautas para la elaboración de Estudios de Caso. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo- Vicepresidencia de Sectores y Conocimiento. https://publications.iadb.org/es/pautas-parala-elaboracion-de-estudios-de-caso

Camprodon, G., González, Ó., Barberán, V., Pérez, M., Smári, V., De Heras, M. Á. y Bizzotto,

A. (2019). Smart Citizen Kit and Station: An open environmental monitoring system for citizen participation and scientific experimentation. HardwareX, 6, e00070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohx.2019.e00070

Chatwin, M. y Arku, G. (2017). Beyond Ambiguity: Conceptualizing Open Government through a Human Systems Framework. JeDEM, 9(1), 52-78.

Córdoba-Cely, C., Sandoval, L. y León, B. (2023). La investigación+creación como acción política. En Investigación+creación: reflexiones y prácticas desde las autonomías territoriales, creativas y tecnológicas (pp. 17-34). Editorial Universidad de Nariño. https://doi.org/10.22267/lib.udn.028

Corponariño. (2017). Sistema Vigilancia Calidad Aire. Sistema Vigilancia de Calidad del Aire. http://corponarino.gov.co/tramites-y-servicios/tramites-ambientales/recurso-aire/sistemavigilancia-calidad-aire/

Dagnino, R. (2014). Tecnologia Social: Contribuições conceituais e metodológicas. EDUEPB.https://doi.org/10.7476/9788578793272

Domanski, D., Howaldt, J. y Kaletka, C. (2020). A comprehensive concept of social innovation and its implications for the local context – on the growing importance of social innovation ecosystems and infrastructures. European Planning Studies, 28(3), 454-474. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1639397

Dunne, A. y Raby, F. (2013). Speculative everything: Design, fiction, and social dreaming. The MIT Press.

Heimstädt, M. (2017). Openwashing: A decoupling perspective on organizational transparency. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change, 125(1), 77-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.03.037

Howaldt, J. (2019). New Pathways to Social Change – Creating Impact through Social Innovation Research. Fteval Journal for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation Issue 48/July 2019 - Proceedings of the Conference “Impact of Social Sciences and Humanities for a European Research Agenda Valuation of SSH in Mission-Oriented Research”, 37-48. https://doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2019.365

Howaldt, J., Domanski, D. y Kaletka, C. (2016). Social Innovation: Towards a new innovation paradigm. RAM. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 17(6), 20-44. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-69712016/administracao.v17n6p20-44

Howaldt, J., Kopp, R. y Schwarz, M. (2014). On the theory of social innovations: Tarde’s neglected contribution to the development of a sociological innovation theory. Beltz Juventa.

Janssen, M., Brous, P., Estevez, E., Barbosa, L. S. y Janowski, T. (2020). Data governance: Organizing data for trustworthy Artificial Intelligence. Government Information Quarterly, 37(3), 101493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2020.101493

Leibetseder, B. (2011). A critical review on the concept of Social Technology. Social Technologies, 1(1), 7-24.

Mačiulienė, M. y Skaržauskienė, A. (2020). Building the capacities of civic tech communities through digital data analytics. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 5(4), 244-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2019.11.005

Magallon, R. (2014). Tecnologías cívicas y participación ciudadana. Revista de estudios dejuventud, 105, 53-79. http://hdl.handle.net/10016/25852

Maldonado, T. (1972). Ambiente humano e ideología: notas para una ecología crítica. Nueva Visión.

Manzini, E. (2014). Making Things Happen: Social Innovation and Design. Design Issues, 30(1), 57-66. https://doi.org/10.1162/DESI_a_00248

Meijer, A. J., Curtin, D. y Hillebrandt, M. (2012). Open government: Connecting vision and voice. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 78(1), 10-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852311429533

Mejía, L. F. (2018). Calidad del aire: una prioridad de política pública en Colombia. Departamento Nacional de Planeación, Bogotá.

MinAmbiente. (12 de marzo de 2018). La capital de Nariño, entre las ciudades con mejor calidad del aire en Colombia. MinAmbiente. https://archivo.minambiente.gov.co/index.php/noticias-minambiente/3657-la-capital-de-narino-entre-las-ciudades-con-mejor-calidaddel-aire-en-colombia

Mosquera, G. (1989). El diseño se definió en octubre. Ed. Arte y Literatura.

Moulaert, F. y Mehmood, A. (2020). Towards a social innovation (SI) based epistemology in local development analysis: Lessons from twenty years of EU research. European Planning Studies, 28(3), 434-453. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2019.1639401

Nugent, J. (2021). Air quality science for all. The Science Teacher, 88(5), 16-17.

Nugent, J. (2022). Getting a Sense of Local Air Quality. Science Scope, 46(1), 51-53.

ODC. (2015). International Open Data Charter. Open Data Charter. Civic House. https://opendatacharter.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/opendatacharter-charter_F.pdf

Oliveira, Á. (2020). La acupuntura urbana como estrategia de intervención en la ciudad consolidada (trabajo de grado). Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, España. https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/169093

Peixoto, T. y Sifry, M. (2017). When Does ICT-Enabled Citizen Voice Lead to Government Responsiveness? En T. Peixoto y M. Sifry (Eds.), Civic Tech in the Gobal South. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.

Pérez, M. L. (2005). La noción de “espíritu” en las sociologías de Werner Sombart y Max Weber. Sociológica, 20(59), 27-59. https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/soc/v20n59/2007-8358-soc-20-59-27.pdf

Pierce, E., Dismute, W. S. y Yonke, C. L. (2008). The State of Information and Data Governance
- Understanding How Organizations Govern Their Information and Data Assets. IAIDQ and
UALR-IQ.

Pol, E. y Ville, S. (2009). Social innovation: Buzz word or enduring term? The Journal of SocioEconomics, 38(6), 878-885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2009.02.011

Rincón, J. M., Garzón, W. Y. y Hernández, A. M. (2021). Hoja metodológica del indicador “Índice de Calidad del Aire – ICA”. (Versión 1,2). Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales - IDEAM. http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/11769/119781607/1+HM+Indice+calidad+aire_V1.2. pdf/4db4a6a3-622a-4612-91c8-d0cb17782037

Rumbul, R. (2016). Developing transparency through digital means? Examining institutional responses to civic technology in Latin America. JeDEM - EJournal of EDemocracy and Open Government, 8(3), 12-31. https://doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v8i3.439

Schumpeter, J. (1996). Capitalismo, socialismo y democracia (Spanish Edition). Ediciones Folio.

Senabre, E., Ferran-Ferrer, N. y Perelló, J. (2018). Diseño participativo de experimentos de ciencia ciudadana. Revista Comunicar, 26(54), 29-38. https://doi.org/10.3916/C54-2018-03

Sieber, R. E. y Johnson, P. A. (2015). Civic open data at a crossroads: Dominant models and current challenges. Government Information Quarterly, 32(3), 308-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.05.003

Skaržauskienė, A. y Mačiulienė, M. (2020). Mapping International Civic Technologies Platforms. Informatics, 7(4), 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics7040046

Stetsenko, A. (2020). Radical-Transformative Agency: Developing a Transformative Activist Stance on a Marxist-Vygotskyan Foundation. En A. Tanzi Neto, F. Liberali y M. Dafermos (Eds.), Revisiting Vygotsky for social change: bringing together theory and practice (pp. 31-62). Peter Lang.

SOCIENTIZE Consortium. (2014). Green Paper on Citizen Science: Citizen Science in the European policy context. European Commission.

Tarde, G. (1897). Las leyes sociales (G. Núñez de Prado, Trad.). Sopena.

Tarde, G. (1907). Las leyes de la imitación. Estudio sociológico. Ginés Carrion.

Verganti, R., Vendraminelli, L. y Iansiti, M. (2020). Innovation and Design in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Prod

Weber, K., Otto, B. y Österle, H. (2009). One Size Does Not Fit All—A Contingency Approach to Data Governance. Journal of Data and Information Quality, 1(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1145/1515693.1515696

Weill, P. (2004). Don’t just lead, govern: How top-performing firms govern IT. MIS Quart. Exec,
3(1), 1-17.

Wolff, A., Barker, M., Hudson, L. y Seffah, A. (2020). Supporting smart citizens: Design templates for co-designing data-intensive technologies. Cities, 101, 102695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102695

Yacuzzi, E. (2005). El estudio de caso como metodología de investigación: Teoría, mecanismos causales, validación. Inomics, 1, 296-306.

Yin, R. (2014). Case Study Research: Design and Methods (5th ed.). Sage Publications.

Zandbergen, D. y Uitermark, J. (2020). In search of the Smart Citizen: Republican and cybernetic citizenship in the smart city. Urban Studies, 57(8), 1733-1748. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019847410