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Maya, J., & Patiño Mazo, E. (2020). Properties of design representations : an interdisciplinary exploration of their functional role. Kepes, 17(21), 17–60. https://doi.org/10.17151/kepes.2020.17.21.2
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Abstract
An interdisciplinary repertoire of the properties of external representations in design such as sketches, is proposed to explore the functional role of such representations. The properties and functions of the representations are multiple. However, they are invariably studied from cognitive approaches or computational design reason why certain phenomena, important for different disciplines of design, are left out. Consequently, an interdisciplinary, descriptive and explanatory review of the literature is used to provide elements of response around the following three questions: what are representations in hard sciences and in design? What are their properties? And, what are their functions? Thus, basic elements about representations in design are established in the first place and, secondly, a repertoire of properties with an interdisciplinary approach, giving account of theoretical-empirical considerations and elaborating the definitions provided through multiple arguments based on different sciences and/or disciplines and in the practice of design, is built. In the third place, an explorative and correlational scheme on the relationship of these properties with the functions is proposed. And, finally, conclusions suggesting future research paths are offered. The way in which theories from different fields can be combined to develop a more comprehensive theory is suggested. The repertoire of properties can be useful for those who want to model the design process and its representations or for those researching the representation methods.
References
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Goldschmidt, G. and Smolkov, M. (2006). Variances in the impact of visual stimuli on design problem solving performance. Design Studies, 27 (5), 549-569. doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2006.01.002.
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Hutchinson, J.W., and Alba, J.W. (1991). Ignoring irrelevant information: Situational determinants of consumer learning. Journal of Consumer Research, 18(3), 325-345. doi.org/10.1086/209263
Itti, L., Koch, C. and Niebur, E. (1998). A model of saliency-based visual attention for rapid scene analysis. IEEE Transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, 20(11), 1254-1259. DOI: 10.1109/34.730558
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Malcolm, G. (2004). Multidisciplinary approaches to visual representations and interpretations (Vol. 2). Elsevier.
Malhotra, N.K. (1996). Marketing Research, An applied Orientation. PrenticeHall.
Marin, M. and Leder, H. (2013). Examining Complexity across Domains: Relating Subjective and Objective Measures of Affective Environmental Scenes, Paintings and Music. PloS one, 8(8), e72412. Public Library of Science.
Markman, A.B. (2005). Representation Formats in Psychology. En: Nadel (2005). doi.org/10.1002/0470018860.s00608
Massironi, M. (2001). The psychology of graphic images: Seeing, drawing, communicating. Psychology Press.
Menezes, A., and Lawson, B. (2006). How designers perceive sketches. Design Studies, 27(5), 571-585. doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2006.02.001
Mogford, R.H., Guttman, J., Morrow, S., and Kopardekar, P. (1995). The Complexity Construct in Air Traffic Control: A Review and Synthesis of the Literature. Technical Report, CTA.
Nadel, L. (Ed.). (2005). Encyclopedia of cognitive science. Taylor & Francis. DOI: 10.1002/0470018860
Nefs, H.T. (2008). On the visual appearance of Objects. En: Schifferstein & Hekkert (2008).
Ngo, D.C.L., and Byrne, J.G. (1998). Aesthetic measures for screen design. En: Calderon, P.B. & Thomas, B. (eds.) Proceedings 1998 Australasian Computer Human Interaction Conference, Adelaide (pp. 64-71).
Novick, L.R. (2005). Problem solving, Psychology of. En: Nadel (2005).
Olofsson, E., and Sjolen, K. (2005). Design Sketching, KEEOS Design-Books.
Otto, K.N., and Wood, K.L. (2000). Product Design. Pearson.
Pahl, G., Beitz, P., and Grote, K.H. (2007). Engineering Design: A Systematic Approach. Springer.
Pei, E. (2013). Building a common language of design representations for industrial designers and engineering designers. PhD Thesis, Loughborough University.
Pei, E., Campbell, I., and Evans, M.A. (2009). Building a Common Ground-The Use of Design Representation Cards for Enhancing Collaboration between Industrial Designers and Engineering Designers. En: Durling, D., Rust, C., Chen, L.-L., Ashton, P., & Friedman, K. (eds.). Proceedings Undisciplined! Design Research Society Conference 2008, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK, 16-19 July 2008.
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Petiot, J.F. and Yannou, B. (2004). Measuring consumer perceptions for a better comprehension, specification and assessment of product semantics. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 33 (6), 507-525. doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2003.12.004
Ramachandran, V.S. (2011). The Tell-Tale Brain. W.W. Norton-Company.
Reisberg, D., and Logie, R. (1993) The ins and outs of working memory: Overcoming the limits on learning from imagery, en: Roskos-Ewoldsen, Intons-Peterson M., Anderson, R. (eds). Imagery, Creativity and Discovery: a cognitive approach, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 39-76
Reymen, I., and Hammer, D. (2000). Design method supporting regular reflection on design situations. En: Horvath, I., Medland, A.J., and Vergeest, J.S.M. (eds.). Proceedings Third Symposium TMCE, Delft, pp.18-21.
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Runco, M.A. (2014). Creativity: Theories and themes: Research, development, and practice. Elsevier.
Runco, M.A., and Pritzker, S.R. (1999). Encyclopedia of Creativity. (2 Vols.). Academic Press.
Schenk, P. (2007). Developing a taxonomy on drawing for design. En: Poggenpohl, s. (ed.) Proceedings IASDR’07 Conference, Hong-Kong, 12-15 Nov., 2007
Schifferstein, H.N., and Hekkert, P. (eds.) (2008). Product Experience. Elsevier.
Schneider, W., and Shiffrin, R.M. (1977). “Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention”. Psychological Review, 84(1), 1-66. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.1.1.
Schön, D. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How practitioners think in action. London: Temple-Smith.
Schön, D., and Wiggins, G. (1992). Kinds of seeing and their functions in designing, Design Studies, 13(2), 135-153. doi.org/10.1016/0142-694X(92)90268-F
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