Resumo
The study is dedicated to the pressing issue of understanding the philosophical foundations of social justice and equality in the context of the challenges posed by the modern globalised world. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of philosophical concepts of justice, identify key problems in ensuring equal opportunities and overcoming discrimination, and examine the impact of globalisation on social inequality. The study applied axiological and comparative methods, structural-functional, critical, and systems analyses. Based on a comparative examination of the theories of justice by J. Rawls, A. Sen, and A. Honneth, their conceptual advantages and limitations were identified, and the need for integrating the distributive paradigm while considering the expansion of real opportunities for people and ensuring full recognition was substantiated. The ambivalent impact of globalisation on social inequality was disclosed, and strategies for overcoming it on the principles of inclusivity and democratic participation were determined. The study emphasises the crucial role of collaboration between the state and civil society in advancing the values of social justice and implementing its principles in practice. The study contributes substantially to the development of philosophical discourse on the nature and principles of social justice, offering a comprehensive vision relevant to the challenges of the 21st-century pluralistic and globalised world.
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