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Molla, E., Kochkorova, D., Ihnatiev, V., Smetaniak, M., & Kieliszek, Z. (2024). Study on the philosophical aspects of social justice and equality in modern society. Discusiones Filosóficas, 25(45), 15–47. https://doi.org/10.17151/difil.2024.25.45.2
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Abstract
The study is dedicated to the pressing issue of understanding the philosophical foundations of social justice and equality in the context of the challenges posed by the modern globalised world. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of philosophical concepts of justice, identify key problems in ensuring equal opportunities and overcoming discrimination, and examine the impact of globalisation on social inequality. The study applied axiological and comparative methods, structural-functional, critical, and systems analyses. Based on a comparative examination of the theories of justice by J. Rawls, A. Sen, and A. Honneth, their conceptual advantages and limitations were identified, and the need for integrating the distributive paradigm while considering the expansion of real opportunities for people and ensuring full recognition was substantiated. The ambivalent impact of globalisation on social inequality was disclosed, and strategies for overcoming it on the principles of inclusivity and democratic participation were determined. The study emphasises the crucial role of collaboration between the state and civil society in advancing the values of social justice and implementing its principles in practice. The study contributes substantially to the development of philosophical discourse on the nature and principles of social justice, offering a comprehensive vision relevant to the challenges of the 21st-century pluralistic and globalised world.
References
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Davids, N. & Waghid, Y. (2021). Academic activism in higher education: A living philosophy for social justice. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0340-2
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Hafandi, A. & Helmy, M. (2021). Creating a social justice trough zakat and its relevant to poverty alleviation: A perspective of Abul A’La Al-Maududi. An-Nisbah: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 8(1), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.21274/an.v8i1.3622
Haghighat, S. (2020). Communitarianism between text and context. The Journal of Human Rights, 15(2), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.22096/hr.2020.139365.1257
Hutton, M. & Heath, T. (2020). Researching on the edge: Emancipatory praxis for social justice. European Journal of Marketing, 54(11), 2697-2721.
https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-02-2019-0150
Khamzina, Z., Buribayev, Y., Almaganbetov, P., Tazhmagambet, A., Samaldykova, Z. & Apakhayev, N. (2020). Labor disputes in Kazakhstan: Results of legal regulation and future prospects. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 23(1), 1-14.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Labor-Disputes-in-Kazakhstan%3A-Results-of-Legal-and-Khamzina-Buribayev/6706ccd7d6869e013422dca0cf47dfe13067de20
Khamzina, Z., Buribayev, Y., Yermukanov, Y. & Alshurazova, A. (2020). Is it possible to achieve gender equality in Kazakhstan: Focus on employment and social protection. International Journal of Discrimination and the Law, 20(1), 5-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1358229120927904
Kjosavik, D. (2021). Sen and development as freedom. In G. Crawford & A. Abdulai (Eds.), Research Handbook on Democracy and
Development (pp. 79-97). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788112659.00011
Kozera, T. (2022). Amartya Kumar Sen’s theory of justice in the perspective of the philosophy of law [ Doctoral thesis, University of Warszawski]. https://repozytorium.uw.edu.pl/entities/publication/d4d92103-b064-46d2-9469-780e1ee3e1ee
Lynch, K., Kalaitzake, M. & Crean, M. (2021). Care and affective relations: social justice and sociology. The Sociological Review, 69(1), 53-71.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0038026120952744
Manimala, V. (2022). Globalization: A boon or a bane? In P. Jonkers & Y. Fu (Eds.), Crossing Boundaries: Challenges and Opportunities of Intercultural Dialogue (pp.193-204). Washington: The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy.
https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/files/60257060/Crossing_Boundaries._Challenges_and_Opportunities_of_Intercultural_Dialogue.pdf#page=198
McArthur, J. (2016). Assessment for social justice: The role of assessment in achieving social justice. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 41(7), 967-981. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2015.1053429
Orazalieva, R. B., Bila, O. O., Pozdnyakova, O. L. & Derevyanko, N. V. (2020). Teacher’s use of a drawing workshop as a method of art therapy. Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment, 8(3), 451-459.https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2020.08.03.23
Pellegrini-Masini, G., Pirni, A. & Maran, S. (2020). Energy justice revisited: a critical review on the philosophical and political origins of equality. Energy Research & Social Science, 59, 101310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.101310
Peterson, C. (2021). Is it not wrong, a balance which tilts, a plummet which deflects: a survey of social contract theory. In C. Peterson (Ed.), Beyond Civil Disobedience: Social Nullification and Black Citizenship (pp. 13-38). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77554-4_2
Robeyns, I. (2021). The capability approach. In G. Berik & E. Kongar (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Feminist Economics (pp. 72-80).
Routledge. https://n9.cl/4ashd
Rodríguez García, T. (2022). Social and environmental equality, as principles of justice: Philosophical reflections. Universita Ciencia, 10(27), 111-122. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6540032
Ryskaliyev, D. U., Zhapakov, S. M., Apakhayev, N., Moldakhmetova, Z., Buribayev, Y. A. & Khamzina, Z. A. (2019). Issues of gender equality in the workplace: The case study of Kazakhstan. Space and Culture, India, 7(2), 15-26. https://doi.org/10.20896/saci.v7i2.450
Sarafa, O. & Oyewole, S. (2021). John Rawls on the theory of justice. In D. Abdulrahman (Ed.), Classical Theorists in the Social Sciences: From Western Ideas to African Realities (pp. 347-358). Malthouse Press Limited. http://surl.li/sqdhy
Schmitz, V. (2021). Recognition and critical theory: Axel Honneth’s contributions to the Frankfurt school. [Doctoral thesis, Indiana University].
https://search.proquest.com/openview/c9bf81ec239c2c4ed28f3c5d67619ae6/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Sfetcu, N. (2022). Plato, the Republic: on justice-dialectics and education. MultiMedia Publishing. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.29990.19520
Shahzad, A. (2021). Robert Nozick’s libertarian framework of distributive/economic justice: A critical assessment of its prospects for providing global distributive justice. Pakistan Business Review, 22(4), 645-666. http://surl.li/sqdiq
Smanova, A. B., Otynshiyeva, A. A., Saktaganova, I. S., Assanova, S., Lazim, A. M. & Beaver, K. M. (2024). Factors Associated with Achieving the Desired Level of Education in a Longitudinal and Nationally Representative Sample. Youth and Society. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0044118X241296114
Spytska, L. (2024). Practice-based methods of bringing to legal liability for anonymous defamation on the Internet and in the media. Social and Legal Studios, 7(1), 202-209. https://doi.org/10.32518/sals1.2024.202
Staruski, J. (2020). Liberalism and the conflict of restraint. [BA thesis, Haverford College]. TriCollege Libraries. http://hdl.handle.
net/10066/22689
Stübinger, E. (2023). Alternative economic approaches and the question of justice. Kohlhammer Publishers. https://doi.org/10.17433/978-3-17-043133-1
Supiot, A. (2020). The spirit of Philadelphia: social justice vs. the total market. Verso Books. https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/10332673
Sypnowich, C. (2020). What’s wrong with equality of opportunity. Philosophical Topics, 48(2), 223-244. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48652127
Turkebayeva, K., Bekturganova, M., Sabden, O., Dauliyeva, G. & Kenzhegulova, G. (2022). Assessment of the relationship between inequality, income and economic growth in the regions of Kazakhstan. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 20(2), 511-521. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(2).2022.42
Ülgen, S. (2022). Rewiring globalization. Introduction. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/files/RewiringGlobalization_final_Revised1.pdf
Wade, R. (2004). Is globalization reducing poverty and inequality? World Development, 32(4), 567-589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.10.007
Weale, A. (2023). Equality and social policy. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003369127
Zygmunt, A. (2007). Gender equality in employment and occupation in theory and practice in EU countries and Poland. University of Silesia. https://fbc.pionier.net.pl/id/oai:www.sbc.org.pl:4438
https://doi.org/10.71261/rlss/3.1.155.177
Abril, J. C. (2025b). Culture: An Alternative Variable to Race in Criminology. Dialogues in Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1), 47-62.
https://doi.org/10.71261/dhss/3.1.47.63
Aguayo Westwood, P. (2021). Self-respect and the justification of Rawlsian principles of justice. Ethics and Social Welfare, 15(3), 232-245.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17496535.2021.1915355
Alencar, B. A. (2021). Normative reconstruction in Axel Honneth: A new principle for the theory of justice. Kínesis – Journal of Postgraduate Studies
in Philosophy, 13(35), 49-60. https://doi.org/10.36311/1984-8900.2021.v13n35.p49-60
Anbumozhi, V., Kimura, F. & Thangavelu, S. (2020). Global supply chain resilience: Vulnerability and shifting risk management strategies. In V. Anbumozhi, F. Kimura & S. Thangavelu, Supply Chain Resilience (pp.3-14). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2870-5_1
Blunden, A. (2021). Amartya Sen on critical voice and social choice theory. In A. Blunden, Hegel, Marx and Vygotsky (pp. 339-354). Brill.
https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004470972_022
Bracho Fuenmayor, P. (2023). Justice from the liberal perspective of Rawls and Nussbaum. Cuestiones Políticas, 41(76), 808-828. https://doi.
org/10.46398/cuestpol.4176.48
Brown, K., Nickels, A. & Schaefer, H. (2020). Achieving social equity: from problems to solutions. Public Administration Review, 83(4), 999-1002.
https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13682
Buribayev, Y. A., Oryntayev, Z. K., Khamzina, Z. A., Kussainov, S. Z. & Yermekov, A. T. (2015). Evaluation of the reform efficiency in public social
sector management of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(3), 191-198. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.
v6n3s5p191
Cammack, P. (2022). The politics of global competitiveness. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847867.001.0001
Capeheart, L. & Milovanovic, D. (2020). Social justice: Theories, issues, and movements. (Revised and expanded edition). Rutgers University Press. https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/13961357
Chi, M. & Hong, X. (2023). Sergio puig, at the margins of globalization: Indigenous peoples and international economic law. In M. Bungenberg, M. Chi, S. Jusoh, P. Ranjan & I. Rustambekov (Eds.), Asian Yearbook of International Economic Law (pp. 227-230). Springer Nature Switzerland.
https://doi.org/10.1007/16517_2023_22
Chigubu, S. & Legwaila, T. (2021). Converging tax policy and human rights in the face of tax abuse: a developing country perspective. Constitutional Court Review, 11(1), 379-409. https://doi.org/10.2989/CCR.2021.0014
Davids, N. & Waghid, Y. (2021). Academic activism in higher education: A living philosophy for social justice. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0340-2
Flesher Fominaya, C. (2020). Social movements in a globalized world. Bloomsbury Publishing.
https://www.perlego.com/book/2995707/social-movements-in-a-globalized-world-pdf
Folkerts, J. (2024). The welfare state’s organising principle of justice. In J. Folkerts, Hegelian Welfare State: Hegel’s Contribution to Political Theory
and the History of Ideas of Socio-Political Thought (pp. 183-295). Springer.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43864-7_6
Gasda, É. (2023). Human rights, social justice and recognition. In T.
Gomes, B. Grümme & A. Silva (Eds.), Justice and Peace: Theological Challenges, Fest in honour of Professor Erico João Hammes (pp. 79-96). Fundação Fênix Publisher. https://doi.org/10.36592/9786554600453-04
Goldmann, L. (2011). Immanuel Kant. Verso. http://surl.li/sqdid
Gomes, M. & Gonçalves, A. (2021). The contribution of the theory of justice in John Rawls to sustainable development. Cadernos de Dereito Actual, 15, 56-71. https://www.cadernosdedereitoactual.es/index.php/cadernos/article/view/616
Hafandi, A. & Helmy, M. (2021). Creating a social justice trough zakat and its relevant to poverty alleviation: A perspective of Abul A’La Al-Maududi. An-Nisbah: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 8(1), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.21274/an.v8i1.3622
Haghighat, S. (2020). Communitarianism between text and context. The Journal of Human Rights, 15(2), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.22096/hr.2020.139365.1257
Hutton, M. & Heath, T. (2020). Researching on the edge: Emancipatory praxis for social justice. European Journal of Marketing, 54(11), 2697-2721.
https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-02-2019-0150
Khamzina, Z., Buribayev, Y., Almaganbetov, P., Tazhmagambet, A., Samaldykova, Z. & Apakhayev, N. (2020). Labor disputes in Kazakhstan: Results of legal regulation and future prospects. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 23(1), 1-14.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Labor-Disputes-in-Kazakhstan%3A-Results-of-Legal-and-Khamzina-Buribayev/6706ccd7d6869e013422dca0cf47dfe13067de20
Khamzina, Z., Buribayev, Y., Yermukanov, Y. & Alshurazova, A. (2020). Is it possible to achieve gender equality in Kazakhstan: Focus on employment and social protection. International Journal of Discrimination and the Law, 20(1), 5-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1358229120927904
Kjosavik, D. (2021). Sen and development as freedom. In G. Crawford & A. Abdulai (Eds.), Research Handbook on Democracy and
Development (pp. 79-97). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788112659.00011
Kozera, T. (2022). Amartya Kumar Sen’s theory of justice in the perspective of the philosophy of law [ Doctoral thesis, University of Warszawski]. https://repozytorium.uw.edu.pl/entities/publication/d4d92103-b064-46d2-9469-780e1ee3e1ee
Lynch, K., Kalaitzake, M. & Crean, M. (2021). Care and affective relations: social justice and sociology. The Sociological Review, 69(1), 53-71.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0038026120952744
Manimala, V. (2022). Globalization: A boon or a bane? In P. Jonkers & Y. Fu (Eds.), Crossing Boundaries: Challenges and Opportunities of Intercultural Dialogue (pp.193-204). Washington: The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy.
https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/files/60257060/Crossing_Boundaries._Challenges_and_Opportunities_of_Intercultural_Dialogue.pdf#page=198
McArthur, J. (2016). Assessment for social justice: The role of assessment in achieving social justice. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 41(7), 967-981. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2015.1053429
Orazalieva, R. B., Bila, O. O., Pozdnyakova, O. L. & Derevyanko, N. V. (2020). Teacher’s use of a drawing workshop as a method of art therapy. Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment, 8(3), 451-459.https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2020.08.03.23
Pellegrini-Masini, G., Pirni, A. & Maran, S. (2020). Energy justice revisited: a critical review on the philosophical and political origins of equality. Energy Research & Social Science, 59, 101310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.101310
Peterson, C. (2021). Is it not wrong, a balance which tilts, a plummet which deflects: a survey of social contract theory. In C. Peterson (Ed.), Beyond Civil Disobedience: Social Nullification and Black Citizenship (pp. 13-38). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77554-4_2
Robeyns, I. (2021). The capability approach. In G. Berik & E. Kongar (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Feminist Economics (pp. 72-80).
Routledge. https://n9.cl/4ashd
Rodríguez García, T. (2022). Social and environmental equality, as principles of justice: Philosophical reflections. Universita Ciencia, 10(27), 111-122. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6540032
Ryskaliyev, D. U., Zhapakov, S. M., Apakhayev, N., Moldakhmetova, Z., Buribayev, Y. A. & Khamzina, Z. A. (2019). Issues of gender equality in the workplace: The case study of Kazakhstan. Space and Culture, India, 7(2), 15-26. https://doi.org/10.20896/saci.v7i2.450
Sarafa, O. & Oyewole, S. (2021). John Rawls on the theory of justice. In D. Abdulrahman (Ed.), Classical Theorists in the Social Sciences: From Western Ideas to African Realities (pp. 347-358). Malthouse Press Limited. http://surl.li/sqdhy
Schmitz, V. (2021). Recognition and critical theory: Axel Honneth’s contributions to the Frankfurt school. [Doctoral thesis, Indiana University].
https://search.proquest.com/openview/c9bf81ec239c2c4ed28f3c5d67619ae6/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Sfetcu, N. (2022). Plato, the Republic: on justice-dialectics and education. MultiMedia Publishing. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.29990.19520
Shahzad, A. (2021). Robert Nozick’s libertarian framework of distributive/economic justice: A critical assessment of its prospects for providing global distributive justice. Pakistan Business Review, 22(4), 645-666. http://surl.li/sqdiq
Smanova, A. B., Otynshiyeva, A. A., Saktaganova, I. S., Assanova, S., Lazim, A. M. & Beaver, K. M. (2024). Factors Associated with Achieving the Desired Level of Education in a Longitudinal and Nationally Representative Sample. Youth and Society. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0044118X241296114
Spytska, L. (2024). Practice-based methods of bringing to legal liability for anonymous defamation on the Internet and in the media. Social and Legal Studios, 7(1), 202-209. https://doi.org/10.32518/sals1.2024.202
Staruski, J. (2020). Liberalism and the conflict of restraint. [BA thesis, Haverford College]. TriCollege Libraries. http://hdl.handle.
net/10066/22689
Stübinger, E. (2023). Alternative economic approaches and the question of justice. Kohlhammer Publishers. https://doi.org/10.17433/978-3-17-043133-1
Supiot, A. (2020). The spirit of Philadelphia: social justice vs. the total market. Verso Books. https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/10332673
Sypnowich, C. (2020). What’s wrong with equality of opportunity. Philosophical Topics, 48(2), 223-244. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48652127
Turkebayeva, K., Bekturganova, M., Sabden, O., Dauliyeva, G. & Kenzhegulova, G. (2022). Assessment of the relationship between inequality, income and economic growth in the regions of Kazakhstan. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 20(2), 511-521. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(2).2022.42
Ülgen, S. (2022). Rewiring globalization. Introduction. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/files/RewiringGlobalization_final_Revised1.pdf
Wade, R. (2004). Is globalization reducing poverty and inequality? World Development, 32(4), 567-589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.10.007
Weale, A. (2023). Equality and social policy. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003369127
Zygmunt, A. (2007). Gender equality in employment and occupation in theory and practice in EU countries and Poland. University of Silesia. https://fbc.pionier.net.pl/id/oai:www.sbc.org.pl:4438
