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Publication Date: 2005-12-23
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Pérez Cárdenas, J. E. (2005). -. Biosalud, 4, 105–121. Retrieved from https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/biosalud/article/view/5864
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Abstract
The lesions caused by dermatophytes have been considered as the most common skin pathologies.The clinical manifestations for this fungi group have been associated with the capacity to metabolize keratin; the type of molecules produced that induce inflammation, and, the degree of selective immunological suppression that may induce and that allow some fungi to hold out on the corneum stratum of the skin producing chronic manifestations or eventually no symptoms, but resulting in hipersensitivity reactions such as dermatophytides. With the aim to understand the patogenicity mechanisms and the epidemiology of the dermatophytoses, this review intetnts to describe the ecological characteristics, the virulence factors, the epidemiology, the predisposing factors and the new treatment therapies of these diseases.
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References
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BUITRAGO, G.E. Dermatomicosis en la población de Manizales. Biomédica, 1994. 14:77-84
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CHENG, S; CHONG, L. A prospective epidemiological study on tinea pedis and onychomycosis in Hong Kong. Chin. Med. J., 2002. 115:860-865.
CHOWDHURY, B; ADAK, M; BOSE, S.K. Flurbiprofen, a unique nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with antimicrobial activity against Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton species. Lett Appl Microbiol, 2003. 37:158-161.
CONANT, MA. The AIDS epidemic. J. Am. Dermatol., 1994. 3:S47-50.
DAHL, M.V. Suppression of immunity and inflammation by products produced by dermatophytes. J Am. Acad. Dermatol, 1993. 28:S19-S23.
DAHL, M.V; GRANDO, S.A. Chronic dermatophytosis: What is special about Trichophyton rubrum? Adv Dermatol., 1994a. 9:97-111.
DAHL, M.V. Dermatophytosis and the immune response. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 1994b. 31:S34-41.
DARKES, M.J; SCOTT, L,J; GOA, K.L. Terbinafine: A review of its use in onychomycosis in adults. Am J Dermatol, 2003. 4:39-65
DESCAMPS, F; BROUTA, F; MONOD, M; ZAUGG, C; BAAR, D; LOSSON, B; MIGNON, B. isolation of a microsporum canis gene family encoding three subtilisin-like proteases expressed in vivo. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2002. 119:830-835.
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KHOSRAVI, AR; AGHAMIRIAN, MR; MAHMOUDI, M. Dermatophytoses in Iran. Mycoses, 1994. 37:43-48.
KROB, A.H; FLEISCHER, A.B Jr; D’AGOSTINO, R Jr; FELDMAN, S.R. Terbinafine is more effective than itraconazole in tretating toenail onychomycosis: results from a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J. Cutan. Med. Surg., 2003. 7:306-311.
LIM, J.T; GOH, C.L; CHUA, H.C. Pattern of dermatophyte infection in Singapore. Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore, 1992. 21:781-784.
LÓPEZ-MARTINEZ, R; MANZANO-GOYOSSO, P; MIER, T; MENDEZ-TOVAR, L.J. Exoenzimas de dermatofitos aisladas de tiñas agudas y crónicas. Rev Latinoam Microbiol, 1994. 36:17-20.
MARKIN, D; DUEK, L; BERDICEVSKY, I. In vitro activity of olive leaves. Mycoses, 2003. 46:132-136.
MARUYAMA, R; FUKUYAMA, K; KATOH, T; SUGIMOTO, R; TANIGUCHI, H; WATANABE, K; NISHIOKA, K. Prevention of dermatophytoses. Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi, 2003. 44:265-268.
MONOD M; CAPOCCIA, S; LECHENNE, B; ZAUGG, C; JOUSSON, O. Secreted proteases from pathogenic fungi. Int. J. Microbiol, 2002. 292:405-419.
MOORE, MK; SUITE, M. Tinea capitis in Trinidad. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 1993. 96:346-348.
NIELSEN, PG. Hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma and dermatophytosis en the northernmost county of Sweden (Norrbotten). Acta derm. Venereol. Suppl, 1994. 188:1-60
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OUF, S.A; ABDEL-KADER, M.H; SHOKEIR, H.A; EL-ADLY, A.A. Study of solar photosensitization processes on dermatophytic fungi. Acta Microbiol. Pol, 2003. 52:65-79
PERERA, T.H; GREGORY, D.W; MARSHALL, D; GOW, N.A. Contact-sensing by hyphae of dermatophytic and saprophytic fungi. J. Med. Vet. Mycol, 1997. 35:289-293.
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RAMSEWAK, R.S; NAIR, M.G; STOMMEL, M; SELANDERS, L. In vitro antagonistic activity of monoterpens and their mixtures against ‘toe nail fungus’ pathogens. Phytother Res, 2003. 17:376-379.
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ROSS, S; RUBIANES, EI; LUGO-SOMOLINOS, A; VASQUEZ-BOTET, M; SANCHEZ JL. Epidemiological study of tinea capitis in Puerto Rico. P R Health Sci J, 1993. 12:287-289.
SHAUFUS, P; STELLER, U. Haemolytic activities of Trichophyton species. Med Mycol, 2003. 41:511-516.
SPIEWAK, R; SZOSTAK, W. Zoophilic and geophilic dermatophytoses among farmers and non-farmers in eastern poland. Ann agric. Environ Med, 2000. 7:125-129.
TORSSANDER, J; KARLSSON, A; MORFELDT-MANSON, L; PUTKONEN, PO; WASSERMAN, J. Dermatophytosis and HIV infection. A study in homosexual men. Acta Derm Venereol, 1988. 68:53-56.
UCHIDA, K; TANAKA, T; HIDEYO, Y. Achievement of complete mycological cure by topical antifungal agent NND-502 in guinea pig model of tinea pedis. Microbiol. Immunol., 2003. 47:143-146.
VENUGOPAL, PV; VENUGOPAL, TV. Tinea capitis in Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Dermatol, 1993. 32:39-40.
VERENKAR, MP; PINTO, M.J.; RODRIGUES, S; ROQUE, W.P; SINGH, y. Clinico-microbiological study of dermatophytoses. Indian J. Oathol. Microbiol., 1991. 34:186-192.
VIANI, F.C; DOS SANTOS, J.I; PAULA, C.R; LARSON, C.E; GAMBALE, W. Production of extracellular enzymes by Microsporum canis and their role in its virulence. Med Mycol., 2001. 39:463-468.
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VOLLEKOVA, A; KOSTALOVA, D; KETTMAN, V; TOTH, J. Antifungal activity of Mahonia equifolium extract and its major protoberberine alkaloids. Phytoter Res., 2003. 17:834-837.
VONSHAK, A; BARAZANI, O; SATHIYAMOORTHY, P; SHALEV, R; VARDY, D; GOLAN-GOLDHIRSH, A. Screening South indian medicinal plants antifungal activity against cutaneous pathogens. Phytoter Res, 2003. 17:1123-1125.
WAGNER, D.K; SOHNLE, P. Cutaneous defenses against dermatophytes and yeasts. Clin. Microbiol. Rev, 1995. 8:317-335.
WATANABE , K; TANIGUCHI, H; KATOH, T. Adhesion of dermatophytes to healthy feet and its simple treatment. Mycoses, 2000a. 43:45-50.
WATANABE, K; TANIGUCHI, H; MARUYAMA, R; KATOH, T. Preventive effects of various socks against adhesion of dermatophytes to healthy feet. Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi, 2000. 41:183-186.
WEITZMAN, I; SUMMETBELL, RC. The dermatophytes. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 1995. (240-259).
WUTHI-UDOMLERT, M; PRATHANTURARUG, S; WONGKRAJANG, Y. Antifungal activity and local toxicity study of Alangium salvifolium subsp hexapetalum. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2002. 33(Suppl3):152-154.
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al-SOGAIR, S.M; MOAWAD, M.K; al-HUMAIDAN, Y.M. Fungal infections a cause of skin disease in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia: tinea pedis and tinea manum. Mycoses, 1991. 34:339-344
AUGER, P; MARQUIS, G; JOLY, J; ATTYE, A. Epidemiology of tinea pedis in marathon runners: prevalence of occult athlete’s foot. Mycoses, 1993. 36:35-41.
BROUTA, F; DESCAMPS, F; MONOD, M; VERMOUT, S; LOSSON, B; MIGNON, B. Secreted metalloproteases gene family of Microsporum canis. Infect Immun, 2002. 70:5676-5683.
BUITRAGO, G.E. Dermatomicosis en la población de Manizales. Biomédica, 1994. 14:77-84
CASAL, M; LINARES, M.J; FERNÁNDEZ, J.C; SOLIS, F. Dermatofitos y dermatofitosis en Córdoba (España): Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin, 1991. 9:491-494.
CHENG, S; CHONG, L. A prospective epidemiological study on tinea pedis and onychomycosis in Hong Kong. Chin. Med. J., 2002. 115:860-865.
CHOWDHURY, B; ADAK, M; BOSE, S.K. Flurbiprofen, a unique nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with antimicrobial activity against Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton species. Lett Appl Microbiol, 2003. 37:158-161.
CONANT, MA. The AIDS epidemic. J. Am. Dermatol., 1994. 3:S47-50.
DAHL, M.V. Suppression of immunity and inflammation by products produced by dermatophytes. J Am. Acad. Dermatol, 1993. 28:S19-S23.
DAHL, M.V; GRANDO, S.A. Chronic dermatophytosis: What is special about Trichophyton rubrum? Adv Dermatol., 1994a. 9:97-111.
DAHL, M.V. Dermatophytosis and the immune response. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 1994b. 31:S34-41.
DARKES, M.J; SCOTT, L,J; GOA, K.L. Terbinafine: A review of its use in onychomycosis in adults. Am J Dermatol, 2003. 4:39-65
DESCAMPS, F; BROUTA, F; MONOD, M; ZAUGG, C; BAAR, D; LOSSON, B; MIGNON, B. isolation of a microsporum canis gene family encoding three subtilisin-like proteases expressed in vivo. J. Invest. Dermatol., 2002. 119:830-835.
Di SILVERIO, A; BRAZZELLI, V; BRANDOZZI, G; BARBARINI, G; MACCABRUNI, A; SACCHI, S. Prevalence of dermatophytes and yeast (Candida spp., Malassezia furfur) in HIV patients. A study of former drug addicts. Mycopathologia, 1991. 114:103-107.
ESCOBAR, M.L.; GUZMAN, G; OROZCO, B; SANTAMARIA, L; VÉLEZ, H; DIAZ, F; LÓPEZ, A. Dermatomicosis en areneros del río Medellín. Acta Med. Col., 1988. 13:22-28
ESCOBAR, M.L.; VÉLEZ, H; SANTAMARIA, L; GUZMAN, G; RESTREPO, B; CEBALLOS, G; DIAZ, F. Dermatomicosis y onicomicosis en estudiantes de una escuela de policía. IATREIA, 1989. 2:29-36.
ESCOBAR, M.L; ORTEGA, MC Dermatomicosis. Análisis de 1044 lesiones diagnosticadas en 1988-1989. IATREIA, 1990. 3:80-84.
GARG, AP; MULLER, J. Inhibition of growth of dermatophytes by indian hair oils. Mycoses, 1992. 35:363-369.
GOETTMANN-BONVALLOT, S. Variétés cliniques des onychomycoses. Ann Dermatol Venereol, 2003. 130:1237-1243.
GONZALEZ de P, P.L.; ALVAREZ, M.I. Dermatofitosis en el hospital universitario del Valle. Col. Med, 1991. 22:61-63.
GUIGUEMDE, TR; TAPSOBA, GP; PARE, JL; SAWADOGO, ON. Preliminary data on dermatomicoses in Ougadougou (Burkina Fasso). Med Trop., 1992. 52:151-155.
GULEC, A.T; DEMIRBILEK, M; SECKIN, D; CAN, F; SARAY, Y; SARIFAKIOGLU, E; HEBERAL, M. Superficial fungal infections in 102 renal transplant recipients: a case-control study. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2003. 49:187-192.
JACOBSON, E.S. Pathogenic rules for fungal melanins. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 2000. 13:708-717.
KONEMAN, EW; ALLEN SD; JANDA, WM; SCHRECKENBERGER, PC; WINN,WC. Mycology. In: KONEMAN, EW; ALLEN SD; JANDA, WM; SCHRECKENBERGER, PC; WINN,WC.(eds). Color atlas and textbook of diagnostic microbiology, 5 de, Lippincott, Washington D.C., 1997. P: 1019-1024.
KOKJOHN, K; BRADLEY, M; GRIFFITHS, B; GHANNOUM, M. Evaluation of in vitro activity of ciclopiroxolamine, butenafine HCl and econazole nitrate against dermatophytes, yeasts and bacteria. Int. J. Dermatol, 2003. 42(Suppl 1):11-17.
KHOSRAVI, AR; AGHAMIRIAN, MR; MAHMOUDI, M. Dermatophytoses in Iran. Mycoses, 1994. 37:43-48.
KROB, A.H; FLEISCHER, A.B Jr; D’AGOSTINO, R Jr; FELDMAN, S.R. Terbinafine is more effective than itraconazole in tretating toenail onychomycosis: results from a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J. Cutan. Med. Surg., 2003. 7:306-311.
LIM, J.T; GOH, C.L; CHUA, H.C. Pattern of dermatophyte infection in Singapore. Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore, 1992. 21:781-784.
LÓPEZ-MARTINEZ, R; MANZANO-GOYOSSO, P; MIER, T; MENDEZ-TOVAR, L.J. Exoenzimas de dermatofitos aisladas de tiñas agudas y crónicas. Rev Latinoam Microbiol, 1994. 36:17-20.
MARKIN, D; DUEK, L; BERDICEVSKY, I. In vitro activity of olive leaves. Mycoses, 2003. 46:132-136.
MARUYAMA, R; FUKUYAMA, K; KATOH, T; SUGIMOTO, R; TANIGUCHI, H; WATANABE, K; NISHIOKA, K. Prevention of dermatophytoses. Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi, 2003. 44:265-268.
MONOD M; CAPOCCIA, S; LECHENNE, B; ZAUGG, C; JOUSSON, O. Secreted proteases from pathogenic fungi. Int. J. Microbiol, 2002. 292:405-419.
MOORE, MK; SUITE, M. Tinea capitis in Trinidad. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 1993. 96:346-348.
NIELSEN, PG. Hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma and dermatophytosis en the northernmost county of Sweden (Norrbotten). Acta derm. Venereol. Suppl, 1994. 188:1-60
NIR-PAZ, R; ELINAV, H; PIERARD, G.E; WALKER, D; MALY A; SHAPIRA, M; BARTON, R.C; JERUSALEM, I. J. Clin. Microbiol, 2003. 41:5298-5301.
ODDS, F; AUSMA, J; VAN GERVEN, F; WOESTENBORGHS, F; MEERPOEL, L; HEERES, J; VANDEN BOSSCHE, H; BORGERS, M. In vitro and in vivo activities of the novel azole fungal agent rl26638. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2004. 48:388-391.
OGAWA, H; SUMMERBELL, R.C; CLEMONS, K.V; KOGA, T; RAN, Y.P; RASHID, A; SOHNLE, P.G; STEVENS, D.A; TSUBOI, R. Dermatophytes and host defense in cutaneous mycoses. Med Mycol, 1998. 36(Suppl 1):166-173.
OUF, S.A; ABDEL-KADER, M.H; SHOKEIR, H.A; EL-ADLY, A.A. Study of solar photosensitization processes on dermatophytic fungi. Acta Microbiol. Pol, 2003. 52:65-79
PERERA, T.H; GREGORY, D.W; MARSHALL, D; GOW, N.A. Contact-sensing by hyphae of dermatophytic and saprophytic fungi. J. Med. Vet. Mycol, 1997. 35:289-293.
PEREIRO, M.M; PEREIRO, M; PEREIRO, M Jr. Review of dermatophytoses in Galicia from 1951 to 1987, and comparison with other áreas of Spain. Mycopathologia, 1991. 113:65-78.
PEREZ, J.E; AVILA, R; CABRERA, C.P; CARDONA, D.P.; CORTÉS, A. Caracterización de la presencia de dermatofitos y otros hongos en la población preadolescente de escuelas y colegios públicos de la comuna 9 de Manizales. Biosalud, 2003. 1:20-30 (En publicación)
RAMSEWAK, R.S; NAIR, M.G; STOMMEL, M; SELANDERS, L. In vitro antagonistic activity of monoterpens and their mixtures against ‘toe nail fungus’ pathogens. Phytother Res, 2003. 17:376-379.
RIOS, M.Y.; AGUILAR-GUADARRAMA, A.B; NAVARRO, V. Two new benzofuranes from Eupatorium aschenbornianum and their antimicrobial activity. Planta Med., 2003. 69:967-970.
RIPPON, JW. Dermatophytosis and dermatomycosis. In: RIPPON, JW. (ed). W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1988. Pp:169-275.
ROSS, S; RUBIANES, EI; LUGO-SOMOLINOS, A; VASQUEZ-BOTET, M; SANCHEZ JL. Epidemiological study of tinea capitis in Puerto Rico. P R Health Sci J, 1993. 12:287-289.
SHAUFUS, P; STELLER, U. Haemolytic activities of Trichophyton species. Med Mycol, 2003. 41:511-516.
SPIEWAK, R; SZOSTAK, W. Zoophilic and geophilic dermatophytoses among farmers and non-farmers in eastern poland. Ann agric. Environ Med, 2000. 7:125-129.
TORSSANDER, J; KARLSSON, A; MORFELDT-MANSON, L; PUTKONEN, PO; WASSERMAN, J. Dermatophytosis and HIV infection. A study in homosexual men. Acta Derm Venereol, 1988. 68:53-56.
UCHIDA, K; TANAKA, T; HIDEYO, Y. Achievement of complete mycological cure by topical antifungal agent NND-502 in guinea pig model of tinea pedis. Microbiol. Immunol., 2003. 47:143-146.
VENUGOPAL, PV; VENUGOPAL, TV. Tinea capitis in Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Dermatol, 1993. 32:39-40.
VERENKAR, MP; PINTO, M.J.; RODRIGUES, S; ROQUE, W.P; SINGH, y. Clinico-microbiological study of dermatophytoses. Indian J. Oathol. Microbiol., 1991. 34:186-192.
VIANI, F.C; DOS SANTOS, J.I; PAULA, C.R; LARSON, C.E; GAMBALE, W. Production of extracellular enzymes by Microsporum canis and their role in its virulence. Med Mycol., 2001. 39:463-468.
VIDOTTO, V; GARCIA, R; PONCE, L.M; VALVERDE, M; BRUATTO, M. Dermatophytoses in Cusco (Peru). Mycoses, 1991. 34:183-186.
VILANI-MORENO, FR; de ARRUDA, MSP; CLARO, SG; MARCOS, EVC; URA, S. Dermatophytosis: association between ABO blood groups and reactivity to the trichophytin. Rev. Inst. Med Trop. S. Paulo, 1999. 41:285-289.
VOLLEKOVA, A; KOSTALOVA, D; KETTMAN, V; TOTH, J. Antifungal activity of Mahonia equifolium extract and its major protoberberine alkaloids. Phytoter Res., 2003. 17:834-837.
VONSHAK, A; BARAZANI, O; SATHIYAMOORTHY, P; SHALEV, R; VARDY, D; GOLAN-GOLDHIRSH, A. Screening South indian medicinal plants antifungal activity against cutaneous pathogens. Phytoter Res, 2003. 17:1123-1125.
WAGNER, D.K; SOHNLE, P. Cutaneous defenses against dermatophytes and yeasts. Clin. Microbiol. Rev, 1995. 8:317-335.
WATANABE , K; TANIGUCHI, H; KATOH, T. Adhesion of dermatophytes to healthy feet and its simple treatment. Mycoses, 2000a. 43:45-50.
WATANABE, K; TANIGUCHI, H; MARUYAMA, R; KATOH, T. Preventive effects of various socks against adhesion of dermatophytes to healthy feet. Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi, 2000. 41:183-186.
WEITZMAN, I; SUMMETBELL, RC. The dermatophytes. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 1995. (240-259).
WUTHI-UDOMLERT, M; PRATHANTURARUG, S; WONGKRAJANG, Y. Antifungal activity and local toxicity study of Alangium salvifolium subsp hexapetalum. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2002. 33(Suppl3):152-154.
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