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Ocampo López, O. L., Berrío Ríos, L. V., & Basante Bastidas, L. S. (2018). Driving froces, barriers and benefits for the implementation of environmental management systems in industries in Caldas, Colombia. Luna Azul, (46), 210–234. https://doi.org/10.17151/luaz.2018.46.12
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Abstract
Objective: To identify driving forces, barriers and benefits for the implementation of Environmental Management Systems (EMS) in manufacturing industries in the department of Caldas. Methodology: This study addresses an evolution of 14001 certifications at a global and national level considering ISO survey statistics and reports of the Colombian Council on Competitiveness. It also presents a descriptive analysis for 16 manufacturing industries of the metal-mechanic and food and beverage sectors located in the Department of Caldas. To achieve this goal, primary information was collected through interviews with those responsible for EMS in the industries using methodological instruments based on the requirements of ISO 14001. The results obtained were evaluated according to sector and industry size, in order to identify levels of compliance with the standard and the key driving forces, barriers and benefits in its implementation. Results: Statistics shows that Colombia leads the ISO 14001 certification in Latin America. However, adoption rates are relatively low compared to developed countries. Nationwide, the Department of Santander has the best indicators regarding ISO 14001 certified companies, while the Department of Caldas ranks in the ninth position. For the companies evaluated in the Department of Caldas, only 25% were certified to the standard. Statistically significant differences, regarding the industry size, the standard implementation level and driving forces, barriers and benefits of EMS were found. Conclusions: EMS driving forces are the legal requirements and access to markets in the large companies evaluated and process improvement and sustainable production for SMEs. In large industries, the main barrier is the organizational climate, while in SMEs is the associated cost. The industries evaluated recognize greater stakeholders’ satisfaction as EMS benefits but the certification implementation is perceived more as a “mandatory” requirement rather than as an improvement strategy.
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References
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Ferrón-Vílchez, V. (2016). Does symbolism benefit environmental and business performance in the adoption of ISO 14001? Journal of Environmental Management, 183, 882-894. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.09.047.
Fikru, M. G. (2014). International certification in developing countries: The role of internal and external institutional pressure. Journal of Environmental Management, 144, 286-296. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.030.
Fikru, M. G. (2016). Determinants of International Standards in sub-Saharan Africa: The role of institutional pressure from different stakeholders. Ecological Economics, 130, 296-307. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.08.007.
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Hasan, Z. & Ali, N. A. (2015). The Impact of Green Marketing Strategy on the Firm’s Performance in Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172, 463-470. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.382.
Heras, I. & Arana, G. (2010). Alternative models for environmental management in SMEs: the case of Ekoscan vs. ISO 14001. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(8), 726-735. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.01.005.
Heras, I. & Arana, G. (2011). Impacto de la certificación ISO 14001 en el rendimiento financiero empresarial: Conclusiones de un estudio empírico. Cuadernos de Economía y Dirección de la Empresa, 14(2), 112-122. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cede.2011.02.002.
Heras-Saizarbitoria, I., Arana, G. & Molina-Azorín, J. F. (2008). EMAS versus ISO 14001 Un análisis de su incidencia. Boletín Económico del ICE, 2936(1), 49-64.
Heras-Saizarbitoria, I., Molina-Azorín, J. F. & Dick, G. P. M. (2011). ISO 14001 certification and financial performance: Selection-effect versus treatment-effect. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(1), 1-12. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.09.002.
Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas y Certificación. (ICONTEC, 2015). NTC-ISO 14001. Sistemas de Gestión Ambiental. Requisitos con orientación para su uso. Bogotá: ICONTEC.
ICONTEC. (2004). NTC-ISO 14001. Sistemas de Gestión Ambiental. Requisitos con orientación para su uso. Bogotá: ICONTEC.
ICONTEC. (2005). NTC-ISO 22000 Sistemas de inocuidad de los alimentos. Requisitos para cualquier organización en la cadena alimentaria. Bogotá: ICONTEC.
ICONTEC. (2015). NTC-ISO 9001. Sistemas de Gestión de la Calidad. Requisitos. Bogotá: ICONTEC.
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Lopes de Sousa-Jabbour, A. B., Chiappetta-Jabbour, C. J., Latan, H., Alves-Teixeira, A. & Caldeira-de Oliveira, J. H. (2015). Reprint of “Quality management, environmental management maturity, green supply chain practices and green performance of Brazilian companies with ISO 14001 certification: Direct and indirect effects”. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 74, 139-151. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2014.12.011.
Marimom, F., Heras, I. & Casadesús, M. (2005). Análisis y un modelo de la difusión internacional de las normas ISO 9000 e ISO 14000. Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa 14(4), 81-100. Recuperado de https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/1432235.pdf.
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Massoud, M. A., Fayad, R., El-Fadel, M. & Kamleh, R. (2010). Drivers, barriers and incentives to implementing environmental management systems in the food industry: A case of Lebanon. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(3), 200-209. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.09.022.
McGuire, W. (2014). The effect of ISO 14001 on environmental regulatory compliance in China. Ecological Economics, 105, 254-264. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.06.007.
Mezinska, I. & Strode, S. (2015). Emerging Horizons of Environmental Management in Food Sector Companies. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, 527-532. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.445.
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