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Publication Date: 2011-07-01
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Osorio, J. H., Urquijo, L. M., & Salamanca, D. M. (2011). Factors that modify thyroid hormone levels in poultry. Luna Azul, (33), 126–136. Retrieved from https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/lunazul/article/view/1267
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Objective: to analyze the factors which modify the thyroid hormone levels in domestic birds. Materials and methods: information from the last 50 years included in the BBCS-LILACS, Fuente Académica, IB-PsycINFO, IBSSCI, IB-SciELO, Scopus and Scirus, data bases as well as historical articles, texts and references cited in work published to date were analyzed. Results: important information related to the objectives proposed in the present review was found and analyzed. The information was later divided into two sections as follows: synthesis, liberation and metabolism of thyroid hormones and factors which modify the thyroid hormones levels. Conclusion: thyroid hormones production can be influenced by factors such as temperature, incubation, diet, fasting, photoperiods and stress.
References
Akiba, Y., Jensen, L. S., Barb, C. R., y Kraeling, R. R. (1982). Plasma estradiol, thyroid hormones, and liver lipid content in laying hens fed different isocaloric diets. J Nutr, 112, 299-9.
Anne Mcnabb, F. M. (1999). Sturkie's avian physiology. 5 ed. USA: Academic Press. pp. 455-10.
Bahadoran, S., Hassanzadeh, M., y Zamanimoghaddam, A. K. (2010). Effect of chronic hypoxia during the early stage of incubation on prenatal and postnatal parameters related to ascites syndrome in broiler chickens. Iranian J Vet Res, 11(1), 64- 71.
Banks,W. J. (1986). Histología veterinaria aplicada.1ed. Ciudad de México: El Manual Moderno S.A. de C.V. pp. 583-8.
Bruggeman, V., Vanmontfort, D., Renaville, R, Portetelle, D., y Decuypere, E. (1997).The effect of food intake from two weeks of age to sexual maturity on plasma growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins, and thyroid hormones in female broiler breeder chickens. Gen Comparat Endocrinol, 107, 212-8.
Buyse, J., Janssens, K., Van der Geyten, S., Van As, P., Decuypere, E., y Darras, V. M. (2002). Pre- and postprandial changes in plasma hormone and metabolite levels and hepatic deiodinase activities in meal-fed broiler chickens. Brit J Nut, 88, 641-12.
Carew, L. B., y Alster, F. A. (1997). Dietary carbohydrate and fat do not alter the thyroid response to protein deficiency in chicks (Abstract). Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 215(1), 82-6.
Carew, L. B. Jr., Alster, F. A., Foss, D. C., y Scanes, C. G. (1983). Effect of a tryptophan deficiency on thyroid gland, growth hormone and testicular functions in chickens. J Nutr, 113, 1756-9.
Carew, L. B, Evarts, K. G, y Alster, F. A. (1997). Growth and plasma thyroid hormone concentrations of chicks fed diets deficient in essential amino acids. Poult Sci, 76, 1398-6.
________. (1998). Growth, feed intake, and plasma thyroid hormone levels in chicks fed dietary excesses of essential amino acids. Poult Sci, 77, 295-3.
Carew, L. B. Jr., Gestone, T. A., Alster, F. A. (1985). Effect of phosphorus deficiency on thyroid function and growth hormone in the white Leghorn male. Poult Sci, 64, 2010-2.
Carew, L. B., McMurtry, J. P., y Alster, F. A. (2003). Effects of methionine deficiencies on plasma levels of thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factors-I and -II, liver and body weights, and feed intake in growing chickens. Poult Sci, 82, 1932-6.
________. Effects of lysine deficiencies on plasma levels of thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factors I and II, liver and body weights, and feed intake in growing chickens. Poult Sci, 84, 1045-5.
Chang, W. P., Combs, G. F. Jr., Scanes, C. G., y Marsh, J. A. (2005). The effects of dietary vitamin E and selenium deficiencies on plasma thyroid and thymic hormone concentrations in the chicken. Develop Comparat Immunol, 29, 265-8.
Chiang, W., Booren, A., y Strasburg, G. (2008). The effect of heat stress on thyroid hormone response and meat quality in turkeys of two genetic lines. Meat Sci, 80, 615-7.
Christensen, V. L., y Davis, G. S. (2004). Maternal dietary iodide influences turkey embryo thyroid function. Poult Sci, 3(9), 550-7.
Christensen, V. L., Davis, G. S., y Nestor, K. E. (2002).Environmental incubation factors influence embryonic thyroid hormones. Poult Sci, 81, 442-8. Christensen, V. L., y Phelps, P. (2001). Injection of thyrotrophinreleasing hormone in turkey embryos elevates plasma thyroxine concentrations. Poult Sci, 80, 643-3.
Darras, V. M., Cokelaere, M., Dewil, E., Arnouts, S., Decuypere, E., y Kühn, E. R. (1995). Partial food restriction increases hepatic inner ring deiodinating activity in the chicken and the rat. Gen Comparat Endocrinol, 100, 334-4.
Davis, G. S., Anderson, K. E., y Carroll, A. S. (2000). The effects of long-term caging and molt of single comb white leghorn hens on herterophil to lymphocyte ratios, corticosterone and thyroid hormones. Poult Sci, 79, 514-4.
Decuypere, E., Nouwen, J., Kühn, E. R., Geers, R., y Michels, H. (1979). Lodohormones in the serum of chick embryos and posthatching chickens as influenced by incubation temperature. Relationship with the hatching process and thermogenesis. An Biol Anim Bioch Biophys, 19(6), 1713-10.
Decuypere, E., Van Asa, P., Van der Geyten, S., y Darras, V. M. (2005). Thyroid hormone availability and activity in avian species: A review. Dom Anim Endocrinol, 29, 63-14.
Dickson, W. M., Feldman, E. C., Hedge, G. A., Martin, R., y McDonald, L. E. (2003). Fisiología veterinaria cunningham. En Cunningham, J. G. (Ed,), Las glándulas endocrinas y su función (chapter 33, pp. 342-42). 3 ed. Madrid: Elsevier España S.A.
Elkin R. G., Featherston, W. R., y Rogler, J. C. (1980). Effects of dietary phenylalanine and tyrosine on circulating thyroid hormone levels and growth in the chick. J Nutr, 110, 130-8.
Geris, K. L., Berghman, L. R., Kühn, E. R., y Darras, V. M. (1999). The drop in plasma thyrotropin concentrations in fasted chickens is caused by an action at the level of the hypothalamus: role ofcorticosterone. Domestic Anim Endocrinol, 16(4), 231-6.
Gutiérrez, G. (1999). Hormonas y reproducción en aves: la influencia de factores ambientales y sociales. Rev Lat Psicol, 31(1), 151-74.
Győrffy, A., Sayed-Ahmed, A., Zsarnovszky, A., Frenyó, V. l., Decuypere, E, y Bartha, T. (2009). Effects of energy restriction on thyroid hormone metabolism in chickens. Acta Vet Hungarica, 57(2), 319-11.
Hangalapura, B. N., Nieuwland, M. G. B., Buyse, J., Kemp, B., y Parmentier, H. K. (2004). Effect of duration of cold stress on plasma adrenal and thyroid hormone levels and immune responses in chicken lines divergently selected for antibody responses. Poult Sci, 83, 1644-5.
Hudelson, K. S., y Hudelson, P. (2009). Endocrine considerations. En Harrison, G. J., y Lightfoot, T. L. (Eds.), Clinical avian medicine. Ithaca, NY: Internet Publisher, International Veterinary Information Service.
Hutchins, M. O., y Newcomer, W. S. (1066). Metabolism and excretion of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in chickens (Abstract).Gen Compart Endocrinol, 6(2), 239-9.
Keagy, E. M., Carew, L. B., Alster, F. A., y Tyzbir, R. S. (1987). Thyroid function, energy balance, body composition and organ growth in protein-deficient chicks. J Nutr, 117, 1532-8.
Julian, R. J. (2005). Production and growth related disorders and other metabolic diseases of poultry: A review. Vet J, 169, 350-19.
Julian, R. J., McMillan, I., y Quinton, M. (1989). The effect of cold and dietary energy on right ventricular hypertrophy, right ventricular failure and ascites in meat-type chickens. Avian Pathol, 18, 675-9.
Lien, R. J., y Siopes, T. D. (1993). The relationship of plasma thyroid hormone and prolactin concentrations to egg laying, incubation behavior, and molting by female turkeys exposed to a one-year natural daylength cycle (Abstract). Gen Comparat Endocrinol, 90(2), 205-8.
Lumeij, J. T. (1994). Endocrinology. En Ritchie, B. W., Harrison, G. J., y Harrison, L. R. (Eds.), Avian Medicine: Principles and Application (p. 582-606). Lake Worth, Florida: Wingers Publishing.
Macwhirter, P. (1994). Malnutrition. En Ritchie, B. W., Harrison, G. J., y Harrison, L. R. (Eds.), Avian Medicine: Principles and Application (chapter 31, p. 859). Lake Worth, Florida. Wingers Publishing.
Moravej, H., Khazali, H., Shivazad, M., y Mehrabani-Yeganeh, H. (2006). Plasma concentrations of thyroid hormone and growth hormone in lohmann male broilers fed on different dietary energy and protein levels. Int J Poult Sci, 5(5), 457-5.
Parmer, T. G., Carew, L. B., y Alster, F. A. (1987). Thyroid function, growth hormone, and organ growth in broilers deficient in phosphorus. Poult Sci, 66, 1995-9.
Piestun, Y., Shinder, D., Ruzal, M., Halevy, O., y Yahav, S. (2008). The effect of thermal manipulations during the development of the thyroid and adrenal axes on in-hatch and post-hatch thermoregulation. J Thermal Biol, 33, 413-5.
Proudman, J. A., y Siopes, T. D. (2002). Relative and absolute photorefractoriness in turkey hens: profiles of prolactin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine early in the reproductive cycle. Poult Sci, 81, 1218-5.
________. (2005). Thyroid hormone and prolactin profiles in male and female turkeys following hotostimulation. Poult Sci, 84, 942- 4.
________. (2006). Potential role of thyroid hormones and prolactin in the programming of photorefractoriness in turkey hens. Poult Sci, 85, 1457-4.
Queen, W. H., Christensen, V. L., y May, J. D. (1997). Supplemental thyroid hormones and molting in turkey breeder hens. Poult Sci, 76, 887-6.
Reyns, G. E., Janssens, K. A., Buyseb, J., Kühn, E. R., y Darras, V. M. (2002). Changes in thyroid hormone levels in chicken liver during fasting and refeeding. Comparat Biochem Physiol, 132, 239-6.
Rosebrough, R. W. (2000). Dietary protein levels and the responses of broilers to single or repeated cycles of fasting and refeeding. Nut Res, 20(69), 877-9.
Silva, J. E. (2003). The thermogenic effect of thyroid hormone and its clinical implications. Ann Int Med, 139, 205-8.
Siopes, T. D. (2002). Circulating thyroid hormone levels in recycled turkey breeder hens during a short day prelighting period and renewal of photosensitivity for egg production. Poult Sci, 81, 1342-4.
Tao, X., Zhang, Z. Y., Dong, H., Zhang, H., y Xin, H. (2006). Responses of thyroid hormones of market-size broilers to thermoneutral constant and warm cyclic temperatures. Poult Sci, 85, 1520-8.
Tona, K., Malheiros, R. D., Bamelis, F., Careghi, C., Moraes, V. M. B., Onagbesan, O., Decuypere, E., y Bruggeman, V. (2003). Effects of storage time on incubating egg gas pressure, thyroid hormones, and corticosterone levels in embryos and on their hatching parameters. Poult Sci, 82, 840-5.
Wineland, M. J., Christensen, V. L., Yildrum, I., Fairchild, B. D., Ort, D. T., y Mann, K. M. (2006). Incubator environment interacts with genetic line of broiler at the plateau stage to affect embryo plasma thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations. Poult Sci, 5(8), 714-8.
Anne Mcnabb, F. M. (1999). Sturkie's avian physiology. 5 ed. USA: Academic Press. pp. 455-10.
Bahadoran, S., Hassanzadeh, M., y Zamanimoghaddam, A. K. (2010). Effect of chronic hypoxia during the early stage of incubation on prenatal and postnatal parameters related to ascites syndrome in broiler chickens. Iranian J Vet Res, 11(1), 64- 71.
Banks,W. J. (1986). Histología veterinaria aplicada.1ed. Ciudad de México: El Manual Moderno S.A. de C.V. pp. 583-8.
Bruggeman, V., Vanmontfort, D., Renaville, R, Portetelle, D., y Decuypere, E. (1997).The effect of food intake from two weeks of age to sexual maturity on plasma growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins, and thyroid hormones in female broiler breeder chickens. Gen Comparat Endocrinol, 107, 212-8.
Buyse, J., Janssens, K., Van der Geyten, S., Van As, P., Decuypere, E., y Darras, V. M. (2002). Pre- and postprandial changes in plasma hormone and metabolite levels and hepatic deiodinase activities in meal-fed broiler chickens. Brit J Nut, 88, 641-12.
Carew, L. B., y Alster, F. A. (1997). Dietary carbohydrate and fat do not alter the thyroid response to protein deficiency in chicks (Abstract). Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 215(1), 82-6.
Carew, L. B. Jr., Alster, F. A., Foss, D. C., y Scanes, C. G. (1983). Effect of a tryptophan deficiency on thyroid gland, growth hormone and testicular functions in chickens. J Nutr, 113, 1756-9.
Carew, L. B, Evarts, K. G, y Alster, F. A. (1997). Growth and plasma thyroid hormone concentrations of chicks fed diets deficient in essential amino acids. Poult Sci, 76, 1398-6.
________. (1998). Growth, feed intake, and plasma thyroid hormone levels in chicks fed dietary excesses of essential amino acids. Poult Sci, 77, 295-3.
Carew, L. B. Jr., Gestone, T. A., Alster, F. A. (1985). Effect of phosphorus deficiency on thyroid function and growth hormone in the white Leghorn male. Poult Sci, 64, 2010-2.
Carew, L. B., McMurtry, J. P., y Alster, F. A. (2003). Effects of methionine deficiencies on plasma levels of thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factors-I and -II, liver and body weights, and feed intake in growing chickens. Poult Sci, 82, 1932-6.
________. Effects of lysine deficiencies on plasma levels of thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factors I and II, liver and body weights, and feed intake in growing chickens. Poult Sci, 84, 1045-5.
Chang, W. P., Combs, G. F. Jr., Scanes, C. G., y Marsh, J. A. (2005). The effects of dietary vitamin E and selenium deficiencies on plasma thyroid and thymic hormone concentrations in the chicken. Develop Comparat Immunol, 29, 265-8.
Chiang, W., Booren, A., y Strasburg, G. (2008). The effect of heat stress on thyroid hormone response and meat quality in turkeys of two genetic lines. Meat Sci, 80, 615-7.
Christensen, V. L., y Davis, G. S. (2004). Maternal dietary iodide influences turkey embryo thyroid function. Poult Sci, 3(9), 550-7.
Christensen, V. L., Davis, G. S., y Nestor, K. E. (2002).Environmental incubation factors influence embryonic thyroid hormones. Poult Sci, 81, 442-8. Christensen, V. L., y Phelps, P. (2001). Injection of thyrotrophinreleasing hormone in turkey embryos elevates plasma thyroxine concentrations. Poult Sci, 80, 643-3.
Darras, V. M., Cokelaere, M., Dewil, E., Arnouts, S., Decuypere, E., y Kühn, E. R. (1995). Partial food restriction increases hepatic inner ring deiodinating activity in the chicken and the rat. Gen Comparat Endocrinol, 100, 334-4.
Davis, G. S., Anderson, K. E., y Carroll, A. S. (2000). The effects of long-term caging and molt of single comb white leghorn hens on herterophil to lymphocyte ratios, corticosterone and thyroid hormones. Poult Sci, 79, 514-4.
Decuypere, E., Nouwen, J., Kühn, E. R., Geers, R., y Michels, H. (1979). Lodohormones in the serum of chick embryos and posthatching chickens as influenced by incubation temperature. Relationship with the hatching process and thermogenesis. An Biol Anim Bioch Biophys, 19(6), 1713-10.
Decuypere, E., Van Asa, P., Van der Geyten, S., y Darras, V. M. (2005). Thyroid hormone availability and activity in avian species: A review. Dom Anim Endocrinol, 29, 63-14.
Dickson, W. M., Feldman, E. C., Hedge, G. A., Martin, R., y McDonald, L. E. (2003). Fisiología veterinaria cunningham. En Cunningham, J. G. (Ed,), Las glándulas endocrinas y su función (chapter 33, pp. 342-42). 3 ed. Madrid: Elsevier España S.A.
Elkin R. G., Featherston, W. R., y Rogler, J. C. (1980). Effects of dietary phenylalanine and tyrosine on circulating thyroid hormone levels and growth in the chick. J Nutr, 110, 130-8.
Geris, K. L., Berghman, L. R., Kühn, E. R., y Darras, V. M. (1999). The drop in plasma thyrotropin concentrations in fasted chickens is caused by an action at the level of the hypothalamus: role ofcorticosterone. Domestic Anim Endocrinol, 16(4), 231-6.
Gutiérrez, G. (1999). Hormonas y reproducción en aves: la influencia de factores ambientales y sociales. Rev Lat Psicol, 31(1), 151-74.
Győrffy, A., Sayed-Ahmed, A., Zsarnovszky, A., Frenyó, V. l., Decuypere, E, y Bartha, T. (2009). Effects of energy restriction on thyroid hormone metabolism in chickens. Acta Vet Hungarica, 57(2), 319-11.
Hangalapura, B. N., Nieuwland, M. G. B., Buyse, J., Kemp, B., y Parmentier, H. K. (2004). Effect of duration of cold stress on plasma adrenal and thyroid hormone levels and immune responses in chicken lines divergently selected for antibody responses. Poult Sci, 83, 1644-5.
Hudelson, K. S., y Hudelson, P. (2009). Endocrine considerations. En Harrison, G. J., y Lightfoot, T. L. (Eds.), Clinical avian medicine. Ithaca, NY: Internet Publisher, International Veterinary Information Service.
Hutchins, M. O., y Newcomer, W. S. (1066). Metabolism and excretion of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in chickens (Abstract).Gen Compart Endocrinol, 6(2), 239-9.
Keagy, E. M., Carew, L. B., Alster, F. A., y Tyzbir, R. S. (1987). Thyroid function, energy balance, body composition and organ growth in protein-deficient chicks. J Nutr, 117, 1532-8.
Julian, R. J. (2005). Production and growth related disorders and other metabolic diseases of poultry: A review. Vet J, 169, 350-19.
Julian, R. J., McMillan, I., y Quinton, M. (1989). The effect of cold and dietary energy on right ventricular hypertrophy, right ventricular failure and ascites in meat-type chickens. Avian Pathol, 18, 675-9.
Lien, R. J., y Siopes, T. D. (1993). The relationship of plasma thyroid hormone and prolactin concentrations to egg laying, incubation behavior, and molting by female turkeys exposed to a one-year natural daylength cycle (Abstract). Gen Comparat Endocrinol, 90(2), 205-8.
Lumeij, J. T. (1994). Endocrinology. En Ritchie, B. W., Harrison, G. J., y Harrison, L. R. (Eds.), Avian Medicine: Principles and Application (p. 582-606). Lake Worth, Florida: Wingers Publishing.
Macwhirter, P. (1994). Malnutrition. En Ritchie, B. W., Harrison, G. J., y Harrison, L. R. (Eds.), Avian Medicine: Principles and Application (chapter 31, p. 859). Lake Worth, Florida. Wingers Publishing.
Moravej, H., Khazali, H., Shivazad, M., y Mehrabani-Yeganeh, H. (2006). Plasma concentrations of thyroid hormone and growth hormone in lohmann male broilers fed on different dietary energy and protein levels. Int J Poult Sci, 5(5), 457-5.
Parmer, T. G., Carew, L. B., y Alster, F. A. (1987). Thyroid function, growth hormone, and organ growth in broilers deficient in phosphorus. Poult Sci, 66, 1995-9.
Piestun, Y., Shinder, D., Ruzal, M., Halevy, O., y Yahav, S. (2008). The effect of thermal manipulations during the development of the thyroid and adrenal axes on in-hatch and post-hatch thermoregulation. J Thermal Biol, 33, 413-5.
Proudman, J. A., y Siopes, T. D. (2002). Relative and absolute photorefractoriness in turkey hens: profiles of prolactin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine early in the reproductive cycle. Poult Sci, 81, 1218-5.
________. (2005). Thyroid hormone and prolactin profiles in male and female turkeys following hotostimulation. Poult Sci, 84, 942- 4.
________. (2006). Potential role of thyroid hormones and prolactin in the programming of photorefractoriness in turkey hens. Poult Sci, 85, 1457-4.
Queen, W. H., Christensen, V. L., y May, J. D. (1997). Supplemental thyroid hormones and molting in turkey breeder hens. Poult Sci, 76, 887-6.
Reyns, G. E., Janssens, K. A., Buyseb, J., Kühn, E. R., y Darras, V. M. (2002). Changes in thyroid hormone levels in chicken liver during fasting and refeeding. Comparat Biochem Physiol, 132, 239-6.
Rosebrough, R. W. (2000). Dietary protein levels and the responses of broilers to single or repeated cycles of fasting and refeeding. Nut Res, 20(69), 877-9.
Silva, J. E. (2003). The thermogenic effect of thyroid hormone and its clinical implications. Ann Int Med, 139, 205-8.
Siopes, T. D. (2002). Circulating thyroid hormone levels in recycled turkey breeder hens during a short day prelighting period and renewal of photosensitivity for egg production. Poult Sci, 81, 1342-4.
Tao, X., Zhang, Z. Y., Dong, H., Zhang, H., y Xin, H. (2006). Responses of thyroid hormones of market-size broilers to thermoneutral constant and warm cyclic temperatures. Poult Sci, 85, 1520-8.
Tona, K., Malheiros, R. D., Bamelis, F., Careghi, C., Moraes, V. M. B., Onagbesan, O., Decuypere, E., y Bruggeman, V. (2003). Effects of storage time on incubating egg gas pressure, thyroid hormones, and corticosterone levels in embryos and on their hatching parameters. Poult Sci, 82, 840-5.
Wineland, M. J., Christensen, V. L., Yildrum, I., Fairchild, B. D., Ort, D. T., y Mann, K. M. (2006). Incubator environment interacts with genetic line of broiler at the plateau stage to affect embryo plasma thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations. Poult Sci, 5(8), 714-8.
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