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Solarte Guerrero, J. G., Navia Estrada, J. F., & Apráez Muñoz, J. J. (2026). Caracterización del comportamiento del carbono orgánico en tres sistemas agroforestales de cacao en el pacífico biogeográfico nariñense. Luna Azul, (62), 151–169. https://doi.org/10.17151/luaz.2025.62.9
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Esta investigación se desarrolló en el municipio de Tumaco, ubicado en el Pacífico Biogeográfico nariñense, al sur de Colombia, con el objetivo de caracterizar el comportamiento del carbono orgánico y el fraccionamiento de la materia orgánica en tres tipos de sistemas agroforestales de cacao (tradicional, semitecnificado y tecnificado). Para ello, se recolectaron muestras a una profundidad de 0 - 5 cm del suelo. La variables analizadas fueron carbono total, C no extractable y extractable, ácidos húmicos y fúlvicos, y huminas. El análisis estadístico se basó en técnicas descriptivas y exploratorias. El sistema agroforestal semitecnificado de cacao mostró la mayor eficiencia en acumulación y estabilización del carbono del suelo, con el valor más alto de carbono orgánico total (5,95 %), equilibrio entre ácidos húmicos y fúlvicos (AH/AF ≈ 1) y mayor proporción de huminas (50,42 %). Este comportamiento se atribuye a la implementación de prácticas de manejo adecuadas y a una mayor diversidad vegetal. En contraste, los sistemas tradicional y tecnificado presentaron una menor eficiencia, con predominio de carbono más recalcitrante, atribuible a la ausencia de prácticas de manejo en el sistema tradicional y a un mayor laboreo en el sistema tecnificado, respectivamente. Estos resultados resaltan la importancia del manejo moderado para el secuestro de carbono en sistemas agroforestales.
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Hernández, H., Andrade, H., Suárez, J., Sánchez, J., Gutiérrez, D., Gutiérrez, G., y Casanoves, F. (2021). Almacenamiento de carbono en sistemas agroforestales en los Llanos Orientales de Colombia. Revista de Biología Tropical, 69(1), 352-368. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v69i1.42959
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Aravena, C., Valle, S., Vergara, R., González, M., Martínez, O., Clunes, J., y Asenjo, J. (2025). Effect of Agricultural Management Intensity on the Organic Carbon Fractions and Biological Properties of a Volcanic-Ash-Derived Soil. Sustainability, 17(6), 2704. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062704
Asase, A., y Tetteh, D. (2016). Tree diversity, carbon stocks, and soil nutrients in cocoa-dominated and mixed food crops agroforestry systems compared to natural forest in southeast Ghana. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 40(1), 96-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683565.2015.1110223
Asigbaase, M., Dawoe, E. L. K., Lomax, B. H., y Sjögersten, S. (2020). Biomass and carbon stocks of organic and conventional cocoa agroforests in Ghana. Agriculture, Ecosystems y Environment, 295.
Barman, S., Bhattacharyya, R., Singh, C., Rathore, A.C., Singhal, V., Muruganandan, M., y Kumar, S. N. (2025). Soil organic carbon stabilization inside microaggregates within macroaggregates is the major mechanism of carbon sequestration under a long-term agroforestry system in the foot hills of the Indian Himalayas. Soil and Tillage Research, 253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2025.106649
Bi, X., Chu, H., Fu, M., Xu, D., Zhao, W., Zhong, Y, y Zhang, Y. (2023). Distribution characteristics of organic carbon (nitrogen) content, cation exchange capacity, and specific surface area in different soil particle sizes. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 12242. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38646-0
Chatterjee, N., Nair, P, Nair, V., Viswanath, S., y Bhattacharjee, A. (2020). Depth-wise distribution of soil-carbon stock in aggregate-sized fractions under shaded-perennial agroforestry systems in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Agroforestry Systems, 94, 341-358.
Cheng, R., Du, L., Ye, S., y Wang, S. (2025). Soil Organic Carbon and Labile Organic Carbon Fractions Drive the Dynamics of Aggregate Composition and Stability in a Chronosequence of Tea Plantations. Agronomy, 15(2), 501. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15020501
Chiquito Nanzer, M., Cândido Ensinas, S., Feliciani Barbosa, G., Vechetin Barreta, Pereira de Oliveira, T., Marques da Silva, J., y Albino Paulino, L. (2019). Estoque de carbono orgânico total e fracionamento granulométrico da matéria orgânica em sistemas de uso do solo no Cerrado. Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias, 18(1), 136-145. doi.org/10.5965/223811711812019136
Crespo, C., Piscoya, V., Moraes, A., França, M., Fernandes, M., Cunha, M., y Araújo, R. (2024). Humic fractions of soil carbon under agroforestry system in altitude swamp Pernambucano. Ciência Florestal, 34. doi.org/10.5902/1980509865061
Cuervo-Barahona, E.L., Cely-Reyes, G.E., y Moreno-Perez, D.F. (2016). Determinación de las fracciones de carbono orgánico en el suelo del páramo La Cortadera, Boyacá. Ingenio Magno, 7(2), 139-149. https://revistas.santototunja.edu.co/index.php/ingeniomagno/article/view/1200
Dos Santos, L., Loss, A., Canton, L., Dos Santos, E., Kurtz, C., Brunetto, G., y Comin, J. (2018). Efecto del contenido de Carbono en sustancias húmicas en suelo en un cultivo de cebolla. Idesia, 36(1), 15-25. doi.org/10.4067/S0718-34292018000100015
Eduah, J., Arthur, A., Amoako, I., Manso, E., Quaye, A., Dogbatse, J., y Padi, F. (2025). Differential impacts of organic and chemical fertilization on soil organic carbon pools and stability, and soil quality in cacao agroforestry. Soil y Environmental Health, 3(3). doi.org/10.1016/j.seh.2025.100147
Gama, E., Ramachandran, P., Nair, V., Gama, A., Baligar, V., y Machado, R. (2010). Carbon storage in soil size fractions under two cacao agroforestry systems in Bahia, Brazil. Environmental management, 45(2), 274-283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9420-7
Hayes, M., Mylotte, R., y Swift, R. (2017). Humin: its composition and importance in soilorganic matter. Advances in agronomy, 143, 47-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2017.01.001
Hernández, H., Andrade, H., Suárez, J., Sánchez, J., Gutiérrez, D., Gutiérrez, G., y Casanoves, F. (2021). Almacenamiento de carbono en sistemas agroforestales en los Llanos Orientales de Colombia. Revista de Biología Tropical, 69(1), 352-368. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v69i1.42959
Holdridge, L. (1982). Ecología Basada en Zonas de Vida. San José, 1a. ed. Costa Rica: IICA.
Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi. (2006). Métodos analíticos de laboratorio de suelos (6. a ed.). IGAC.
Just, C., Poeplau, C., Don, A., Van Wesemael, B., Kögel, I., y Wiesmeier, M. (2021). A simple approach to isolate slow and fast cycling organic carbon fractions in central European soils—Importance of dispersion method. Frontiers in Soil Science, 1. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2021.692583
Krauss, M., Wiesmeier, M., Don, A., Cuperus, F., Gattinger, A., Gruber, S., y Steffens, M. (2022). Reduced tillage in organic farming affects soil organic carbon stocks in temperate Europe. Soil and Tillage Research, 216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2021.105262
Kumar, A., Antoniella, G., Blasi, E., y Chiti, T. (2025). Recent advances in regenerative sustainable agricultural strategies for managing soil carbon and mitigating climate change consequences. Catena, 258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2025.109208
Kumar, M., Zeng, X., Wang, Y., Su, S., Soothar, P., Bai, L., y Ye, N. (2020). The Short-Term Effects of Mineral- and Plant-Derived Fulvic Acids on Some Selected Soil Properties: Improvement in the Growth, Yield, and Mineral Nutritional Status of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Soils of Contrasting Textures. Plants, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9020205
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