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Solarte Guerrero, J. G., Navia Estrada, J. F., & Apráez Muñoz, J. J. (2026). Characterization of organic carbon behavior in three cocoa agroforestry systems in the Pacific biogeographic region of Nariño. Luna Azul, (62), 151–169. https://doi.org/10.17151/luaz.2025.62.9
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Abstract
This research was conducted in the municipality of Tumaco, located in the Nariño Biogeographic Pacific region of southern Colombia, with the objective of characterizing the behavior of organic carbon and the fractionation of organic matter in three types of cocoa agroforestry systems (traditional, semi-technified, and technified). To this end, samples were collected at a depth of 0–5 cm below the soil surface. The variables analyzed were total carbon, non-extractable and extractable carbon, humic and fulvic acids, and humins. Statistical analysis was based on descriptive and exploratory techniques. The semi-technified cocoa agroforestry system showed the highest efficiency in soil carbon accumulation and stabilization, with the highest total organic carbon content (5.95%), a balance between humic and fulvic acids (HA/FA ≈ 1), and the highest proportion of humins (50.42%). This behavior is attributed to the implementation of appropriate management practices and greater plant diversity. In contrast, the traditional and technified systems showed lower efficiency, with a predominance of more recalcitrant carbon, attributable to the absence of management practices in the traditional system and greater tillage in the technified system, respectively. These results highlight the importance of moderate management for carbon sequestration in agroforestry systems.
References
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Cuervo-Barahona, E.L., Cely-Reyes, G.E., y Moreno-Perez, D.F. (2016). Determinación de las fracciones de carbono orgánico en el suelo del páramo La Cortadera, Boyacá. Ingenio Magno, 7(2), 139-149. https://revistas.santototunja.edu.co/index.php/ingeniomagno/article/view/1200
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Eduah, J., Arthur, A., Amoako, I., Manso, E., Quaye, A., Dogbatse, J., y Padi, F. (2025). Differential impacts of organic and chemical fertilization on soil organic carbon pools and stability, and soil quality in cacao agroforestry. Soil y Environmental Health, 3(3). doi.org/10.1016/j.seh.2025.100147
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Hayes, M., Mylotte, R., y Swift, R. (2017). Humin: its composition and importance in soilorganic matter. Advances in agronomy, 143, 47-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2017.01.001
Hernández, H., Andrade, H., Suárez, J., Sánchez, J., Gutiérrez, D., Gutiérrez, G., y Casanoves, F. (2021). Almacenamiento de carbono en sistemas agroforestales en los Llanos Orientales de Colombia. Revista de Biología Tropical, 69(1), 352-368. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v69i1.42959
Holdridge, L. (1982). Ecología Basada en Zonas de Vida. San José, 1a. ed. Costa Rica: IICA.
Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi. (2006). Métodos analíticos de laboratorio de suelos (6. a ed.). IGAC.
Just, C., Poeplau, C., Don, A., Van Wesemael, B., Kögel, I., y Wiesmeier, M. (2021). A simple approach to isolate slow and fast cycling organic carbon fractions in central European soils—Importance of dispersion method. Frontiers in Soil Science, 1. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2021.692583
Krauss, M., Wiesmeier, M., Don, A., Cuperus, F., Gattinger, A., Gruber, S., y Steffens, M. (2022). Reduced tillage in organic farming affects soil organic carbon stocks in temperate Europe. Soil and Tillage Research, 216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2021.105262
Kumar, A., Antoniella, G., Blasi, E., y Chiti, T. (2025). Recent advances in regenerative sustainable agricultural strategies for managing soil carbon and mitigating climate change consequences. Catena, 258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2025.109208
Kumar, M., Zeng, X., Wang, Y., Su, S., Soothar, P., Bai, L., y Ye, N. (2020). The Short-Term Effects of Mineral- and Plant-Derived Fulvic Acids on Some Selected Soil Properties: Improvement in the Growth, Yield, and Mineral Nutritional Status of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Soils of Contrasting Textures. Plants, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9020205
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