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Abstract
The relationship between health and the environment has evolved from approaches focused on specific risks toward comprehensive perspectives that recognize the interdependence among social, ecological, and health systems. In Colombia, instruments such as CONPES 3550 of 2008, the Decennial Public Health Plans (PDSP), and the draft Comprehensive Environmental Health Policy (PISA) reflect this transformation. The objective is to analyze the conceptual and regulatory evolution of environmental health in Colombia, in dialogue with international frameworks such as the Geneva Charter for Well-being and the One Health approach, identifying progress, limitations, and opportunities. A qualitative study was conducted involving a comparative documentary analysis of public policies and national and international conceptual frameworks, using an interpretive approach. Evidence was found of a transition from a sectoral approach based on risk control (CONPES 3550) toward comprehensive approaches based on social determinants, sustainability, and ecosystem health (PDSP 2022–2031 and PISA). The incorporation of paradigms such as One Health and planetary health broadens the understanding of health as a socio-ecological phenomenon. Although significant conceptual advances have been made, challenges persist in implementation, particularly regarding institutional coordination, territorial governance, and financial sustainability. We propose strengthening ecosystem-based, intersectoral, and ethical approaches to consolidate an environmental health policy aligned with the challenges of the 21st century.
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References
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