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Fecha Publicación: 2009-12-18
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Sánchez Ramírez, J. D., & Uribe Velásquez, L. F. (2009). Aspectos neurobiológicos implicados en el miedo animal. Biosalud, 8, 189–213. Recuperado a partir de https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/biosalud/article/view/5540
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El miedo es una emoción que sirve para la expresión de comportamientos defensivos en situaciones de peligro. Posee un sustrato biológico, con base en el funcionamiento coordinado de los diferentes sistemas orgánicos. Particularmente, el sistema nervioso en su actividad intrínseca genera la vivencia y la acción motriz derivada. En efecto, se ha hallado la intervención de varias estructuras neuroanatómicas como la amígdala e hipotálamo, así como un gran conjunto de moléculas distintas como neurotransmisores y sus receptores. La interacción anatomofuncional causa la emoción. Al igual que se cuenta con la capacidad de producir el miedo, también se puede regular su generación. Para este mecanismo se encuentran determinadas estructuras neuroanatómicas como la corteza prefrontal y orbitofrontal, y sustancias como el GABA y los opiáceos, que inhiben o reducen la actividad en las zonas activas que actúan en el miedo. El equilibrio entre la activación y la inhibición posibilita la ocurrencia del miedo en las circunstancias requeridas y no de una manera descontextualizada o generalizada. En esta revisión se presenta una descripción de diferentes aspectos relevantes en la generación y regulación de la emoción.
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