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Gómez Martínez, C. Y., & Torres Fernández, O. (2023). Effect of obesity on memory and learning. Biosalud, 18(2), 81–98. https://doi.org/10.17151/biosa.2019.18.2.6
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Abstract
Introduction: One of the research approaches in physiology of body metabolism has been to evaluate the effect of obesity on learning and memory processes. The aim of this work is to describe and analyze the main scientific findings related to the possible effects of obesity on memory and learning in different age groups, based on studies in humans and murine models. Materials and methods: The following databases were used for the electronic literature search: Virtual Health Library, Biological Science Database, Biomed Central, Ebsco, Nature, PubMed, Scielo and Science Direct in the period 2010-2021. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the evaluation of the title and abstract, the articles to be analyzed for this review were selected. Results: Obesity generates alterations on learning and memory in all age groups, specifically on long-term memory, spatial memory and working memory, as well as on the expression of markers associated with cognitive function, mainly BDNF. This epidemic produces affectations related to working memory, attention and school performance, although these findings were different in each study. Additionally, decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been reported as well as decreased expression of other proteins, particularly in the hippocampus, which are related to cognitive function. Conclusions: Pregestational and gestational obesity negatively impact these processes in the offspring and depending on the age group originate affectations in neuroplasticity and in different components of cognitive function. However, further research is required since some findings are contradictory and there is a lack of information on other related encephalic areas and the reversibility of these effects.
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