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Abstract
The onychomycosis is the main cause of nail injury and affects between 2.5 and 14% of the population; the election of treatment is based primarily on the identification of the causative agent by culture. The disease has a high rate of recurrence and therapeutic resistance defined by lack of clearance of at least 25% of the nail or the isolation of fungus, determinable only until the end of treatment or months later. Antifungal susceptibility testing has not been established as a routine laboratory method; its implementation could reduce the risk of drug toxicity by unnecessary administration, raise the rate of response to treatment, measure the rate of resistance of fungi to antifungal agents available, use of antifungal against which there is sensitivity by the mycotic agent and reduce costs. Objective: To determine the in vitro susceptibility of three antifungal drugs in etiologic agents isolated from fungal nail lesions. Study type: Descriptive. Reference population: Adults with a clinical diagnosis of nail mycosis in the city of Manizales, Caldas, Colombia from whom different species of mycotic agents were isolated. Materials and Methods: To perform tests with antifungal agents, the methods proposed by the CLSI in the M27-A2 and M27-S3 protocols for yeasts and M38-A2 for mycelial fungi were used. The statistical analysis was done using the SPSS program, applying Student's test for frequency analysis and non-parametric tests for the results obtained with antifungals. Results: The dermatophytes (T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes and T. tonsurans) showed increased sensitivity to terbinafine and itraconazole with MIC50 of 0.0156 mg/ml and 0.0625 mg/ml respectively. Yeasts and no dermatophytes mycelial fungi had elevated MICs for all three drugs. The highest rate of resistance in vitro (fluconazole 100%, terbinafine 25%, itraconazole 67%) was observed in the group of non-dermatophyte filamentous fungi (Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Helminthosporium spp., Aspergillus spp., Scopulariopsis spp. and Acremonium spp.). Conclusions: Although to date breakpoints applicable to clinical practice do not exist and clear correlation of the results with the clinical outcome is not clear either, the standardization of the antifungal susceptibility test in vitro opens the possibility to make comparisons with other studies and surveillance of emerging resistance.
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References
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