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Naranjo Cardona, A. L. ., Montilla Garzón, J. C. ., Sepúlveda Gallego, L. E. ., & González G., L. J. . (2015). Clinical evaluation of terminal body hair and hirsutism prevalence in university students from Manizales (Caldas), 2012. Biosalud, 14(1), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.17151/biosa.2015.14.1.4
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Abstract
Objectives:.To determine the prevalence of hirsutism in the city of Manizales (Colombia), to characterize its pathology from its demographic and medical perspective and to relate the different variables with the presence or absence of hirsutism. Methodology: Transversal analytical research based on the study of a population composed by 830 female freshmen attending several local universities who were surveyed and examined applying Ferriman and Gallwey modified scale (F-Gm) previous informed consent. Results: The prevalence of hirsutism for a score of 8 in the F-Gm scale was 20.5%; the 95 percentile found is equivalent to 12 points. An increased frequency of hirsutism was found in the cut off points evaluated in women with the following characteristics: age 20 to 24, mestizo, with a history and presence of acne, bald parents and sisters with hirsutism. There is negative relation between the score in the F-Gm scale and the pubarche age, systolic blood pressure, socio-economic status. On the contrary, it positively correlated with abdominal circumference. Conclusions: For the population studied hirsutism showed a similar prevalence to that found in the population studied compared to published data. Nevertheless, the 95 percentile, as a normality parameter of 12 in the F-Gm scale, is higher than the cut off points informed in the literature.
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References
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3. Somani N, Harrison S, Bergfeld WF. The clinical evaluation of hirsutism. Dermatol Ther 2008; 21(5):376-91.
4. Yildiz BO, Bolour S, Woods K, Moore A, Azziz R. Visually scoring hirsutism. Hum Reprod Update 2010; 16(1):51-64.
5. Harrison S, Somani N, Bergfeld WF. Update on the management of hirsutism. Cleve Clin J Med 2010; 77(6):388-98.
6. Mofid A, Seyyed Alinaghi SA, Zandieh S, Yazdani T. Hirsutism. Int J Clin Pract 2008; 62(3):433-43.
7. Bremer AA. Polycystic ovary syndrome in the pediatric population. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2010; 8(5):375-94.
8. Taponen S, Ahonkallio S, Martikainen H, Koivunen R, Ruokonen A, Sovio U, et al. Prevalence of polycystic ovaries in women with self-reported symptoms of oligomenorrhoea and/or hirsutism: Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study. Hum Reprod 2004; 19(5):1083-8.
9. Taponen S, Martikainen H, Jarvelin MR, Sovio U, Laitinen J, Pouta A, et al. Metabolic cardiovascular disease risk factors in women with self-reported symptoms of oligomenorrhea and/or hirsutism: Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89(5):2114-8.
10. Alemzadeh R, Kichler J, Calhoun M. Spectrum of metabolic dysfunction in relationship with hyperandrogenemia in obese adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2010; 162(6):1093-9.
11. Chang AY, Wild RA. Characterizing cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: more than the sum of its parts? Semin Reprod Med 2009; 27(4):299-305.
12. Bhattacharya SM, Ghosh M. Insulin resistance and adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2010; 23(3):158-61.
13. Escobar-Morreale HF, Roldán B, Barrio R, Alonso M, Sancho J, De la Calle H, et al. High prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome and hirsutism in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85(11):4182-7.
14. Glintborg D, Henriksen JE, Andersen M, Hagen C, Hangaard J, Rasmussen PE, et al. Prevalence of endocrine diseases and abnormal glucose tolerance tests in 340 Caucasian premenopausal women with hirsutism as the referral diagnosis. Fertil Steril 2004; 82(6):1570-9.
15. Morgan J, Scholtz S, Lacey H, Conway G. The prevalence of eating disorders in women with facial hirsutism: an epidemiological cohort study. Int J Eat Disord 2008; 41(5):427-31.
16. Drosdzol A, Skrzypulec V, Plinta R. Quality of life, mental health and self-esteem in hirsute adolescent females. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2010; 31(3):168-75.
17. Sonino N, Fava GA, Mani E, Belluardo P, Boscaro M. Quality of life of hirsute women. Postgrad Med J 1993; 69(809):186-9.
18. Karrer-Voegeli S, Rey F, Reymond MJ, Meuwly JY, Gaillard RC, Gomez F. Androgen dependence of hirsutism, acne, and alopecia in women: retrospective analysis of 228 patients investigated for hyperandrogenism. Medicine (Baltimore) 2009; 88(1):32-45.
19. Li L, Yang D, Chen X, Chen Y, Feng S, Wang L. Clinical and metabolic features of polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2007; 97(2):129-34.
20. Dane. Proyecciones de población Colombia; 2012. Disponible en: https://www.dane.gov.co/index. php?option=com_content&view=article&id=75&Itemid=72
21. Martin KA, Chang RJ, Ehrmann DA, Ibanez L, Lobo RA, Rosenfield RL, et al. Evaluation and treatment of hirsutism in premenopausal women: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93(4):1105-20.
22. March WA, Moore VM, Willson KJ, Phillips DI, Norman RJ, Davies MJ. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a community sample assessed under contrasting diagnostic criteria. Hum Reprod 2009; 25(2):544-51.
23. Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Kouli CR, Bergiele AT, Filandra FA, Tsianateli TC, Spina GG, et al. A survey of the polycystic ovary syndrome in the Greek island of Lesbos: hormonal and metabolic profile. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84(11):4006-11.
24. Zargar AH, Wani AI, Masoodi SR, Laway BA, Bashir MI, Salahuddin M. Epidemiologic and etiologic aspects of hirsutism in Kashmiri women in the Indian subcontinent. Fertil Steril 2002; 77
(4):674-8.
25. Asunción M, Calvo RM, San Millán JL, Sancho J, Ávila S, Escobar-Morreale HF. A prospective study of the prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected Caucasian women from Spain. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85(7):2434-8.
26. Sagsoz N, Kamaci M, Orbak Z. Body hair scores and total hair diameters in healthy women in the Kirikkale Region of Turkey. Yonsei Med J 2004; 45(3):483-91.
27. DeUgarte CM, Woods KS, Bartolucci AA, Azziz R. Degree of facial and body terminal hair growth in unselected black and white women: toward a populational definition of hirsutism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91(4):1345-50.
28. Noorbala MT, Kefaie P. The prevalence of hirsutism in adolescent girls in Yazd, Central Iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2010; 12:111-117.
29. Moran C, Tena G, Moran S, Ruiz P, Reyna R, Duque X. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome and related disorders in mexican women. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2010; 69(4):274-80.
30. Téllez R, Frenkel J. [Clinical evaluation of body hair in healthy women]. Rev Med Chil 1995; 123(11):1349-54.
31. Sanchón R, Gambineri A, Alpañés M, Martínez-García MA, Pasquali R, Escobar-Morreale HF. Prevalence of functional disorders of androgen excess in unselected premenopausal women: a study in blood donors. Hum Reprod 2012; 27(4):1209-16.
32. Zhao JL, Chen ZJ, Shi YH, Geng L, Ma ZX, Li Y, et al. [Investigation of body hair assessment of Chinese women in Shandong region and its preliminary application in polycystic ovary syndrome patients]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2007; 42(9):590-4.
33. Api M, Badoglu B, Akca A, Api O, Gorgen H, Cetin A. Interobserver variability of modified FerrimanGallwey hirsutism score in a Turkish population. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2009; 279(4):473.
34. Hatch R, Rosenfield RL, Kim MH, Tredway D. Hirsutism: implications, etiology, and management. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981; 140(7):815-30.
35. Perkins AC, Maglione J, Hillebrand GG, Miyamoto K, Kimball AB. Acne vulgaris in women: prevalence across the life span. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2012; 21(2):223-30.
36. Devoto Canessa E, Aravena C. L. Hirsutism: experience in diagnosis and treatment in the period 1970-1995. Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. 1995; 60(4):291-301.
37. Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Escobar-Morreale HF, Futterweit W, et al. Positions statement: criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an Androgen Excess Society guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91(11):4237-45.
38. Merkin SS, Azziz R, Seeman T, Calderon-Margalit R, Daviglus M, Kiefe C, et al. Socioeconomic status and polycystic ovary syndrome. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2011; 20(3):413-9.
39. Azziz R, Sánchez LA, Knochenhauer ES, Moran C, Lazenby J, Stephens KC, et al. Androgen excess in women: experience with over 1000 consecutive patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89(2):453-62.
40. Al-Ruhaily AD, Malabu UH, Sulimani RA. Hirsutism in Saudi females of reproductive age: a hospitalbased study. Ann Saudi Med 2008; 28(1):28-32.
41. Legro RS, Driscoll D, Strauss JF, Fox J, Dunaif A. Evidence for a genetic basis for hyperandrogenemia in polycystic ovary syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95(25):14956-60.
42. Franks S, Berga SL. Does PCOS have developmental origins? Fertil Steril 2012; 97(1):2-6.
2. Brodell LA, Mercurio MG. Hirsutism: Diagnosis and management. Gend Med 2010; 7(2):79-87.
3. Somani N, Harrison S, Bergfeld WF. The clinical evaluation of hirsutism. Dermatol Ther 2008; 21(5):376-91.
4. Yildiz BO, Bolour S, Woods K, Moore A, Azziz R. Visually scoring hirsutism. Hum Reprod Update 2010; 16(1):51-64.
5. Harrison S, Somani N, Bergfeld WF. Update on the management of hirsutism. Cleve Clin J Med 2010; 77(6):388-98.
6. Mofid A, Seyyed Alinaghi SA, Zandieh S, Yazdani T. Hirsutism. Int J Clin Pract 2008; 62(3):433-43.
7. Bremer AA. Polycystic ovary syndrome in the pediatric population. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2010; 8(5):375-94.
8. Taponen S, Ahonkallio S, Martikainen H, Koivunen R, Ruokonen A, Sovio U, et al. Prevalence of polycystic ovaries in women with self-reported symptoms of oligomenorrhoea and/or hirsutism: Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study. Hum Reprod 2004; 19(5):1083-8.
9. Taponen S, Martikainen H, Jarvelin MR, Sovio U, Laitinen J, Pouta A, et al. Metabolic cardiovascular disease risk factors in women with self-reported symptoms of oligomenorrhea and/or hirsutism: Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89(5):2114-8.
10. Alemzadeh R, Kichler J, Calhoun M. Spectrum of metabolic dysfunction in relationship with hyperandrogenemia in obese adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2010; 162(6):1093-9.
11. Chang AY, Wild RA. Characterizing cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: more than the sum of its parts? Semin Reprod Med 2009; 27(4):299-305.
12. Bhattacharya SM, Ghosh M. Insulin resistance and adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2010; 23(3):158-61.
13. Escobar-Morreale HF, Roldán B, Barrio R, Alonso M, Sancho J, De la Calle H, et al. High prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome and hirsutism in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85(11):4182-7.
14. Glintborg D, Henriksen JE, Andersen M, Hagen C, Hangaard J, Rasmussen PE, et al. Prevalence of endocrine diseases and abnormal glucose tolerance tests in 340 Caucasian premenopausal women with hirsutism as the referral diagnosis. Fertil Steril 2004; 82(6):1570-9.
15. Morgan J, Scholtz S, Lacey H, Conway G. The prevalence of eating disorders in women with facial hirsutism: an epidemiological cohort study. Int J Eat Disord 2008; 41(5):427-31.
16. Drosdzol A, Skrzypulec V, Plinta R. Quality of life, mental health and self-esteem in hirsute adolescent females. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2010; 31(3):168-75.
17. Sonino N, Fava GA, Mani E, Belluardo P, Boscaro M. Quality of life of hirsute women. Postgrad Med J 1993; 69(809):186-9.
18. Karrer-Voegeli S, Rey F, Reymond MJ, Meuwly JY, Gaillard RC, Gomez F. Androgen dependence of hirsutism, acne, and alopecia in women: retrospective analysis of 228 patients investigated for hyperandrogenism. Medicine (Baltimore) 2009; 88(1):32-45.
19. Li L, Yang D, Chen X, Chen Y, Feng S, Wang L. Clinical and metabolic features of polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2007; 97(2):129-34.
20. Dane. Proyecciones de población Colombia; 2012. Disponible en: https://www.dane.gov.co/index. php?option=com_content&view=article&id=75&Itemid=72
21. Martin KA, Chang RJ, Ehrmann DA, Ibanez L, Lobo RA, Rosenfield RL, et al. Evaluation and treatment of hirsutism in premenopausal women: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93(4):1105-20.
22. March WA, Moore VM, Willson KJ, Phillips DI, Norman RJ, Davies MJ. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a community sample assessed under contrasting diagnostic criteria. Hum Reprod 2009; 25(2):544-51.
23. Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Kouli CR, Bergiele AT, Filandra FA, Tsianateli TC, Spina GG, et al. A survey of the polycystic ovary syndrome in the Greek island of Lesbos: hormonal and metabolic profile. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84(11):4006-11.
24. Zargar AH, Wani AI, Masoodi SR, Laway BA, Bashir MI, Salahuddin M. Epidemiologic and etiologic aspects of hirsutism in Kashmiri women in the Indian subcontinent. Fertil Steril 2002; 77
(4):674-8.
25. Asunción M, Calvo RM, San Millán JL, Sancho J, Ávila S, Escobar-Morreale HF. A prospective study of the prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected Caucasian women from Spain. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85(7):2434-8.
26. Sagsoz N, Kamaci M, Orbak Z. Body hair scores and total hair diameters in healthy women in the Kirikkale Region of Turkey. Yonsei Med J 2004; 45(3):483-91.
27. DeUgarte CM, Woods KS, Bartolucci AA, Azziz R. Degree of facial and body terminal hair growth in unselected black and white women: toward a populational definition of hirsutism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91(4):1345-50.
28. Noorbala MT, Kefaie P. The prevalence of hirsutism in adolescent girls in Yazd, Central Iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2010; 12:111-117.
29. Moran C, Tena G, Moran S, Ruiz P, Reyna R, Duque X. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome and related disorders in mexican women. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2010; 69(4):274-80.
30. Téllez R, Frenkel J. [Clinical evaluation of body hair in healthy women]. Rev Med Chil 1995; 123(11):1349-54.
31. Sanchón R, Gambineri A, Alpañés M, Martínez-García MA, Pasquali R, Escobar-Morreale HF. Prevalence of functional disorders of androgen excess in unselected premenopausal women: a study in blood donors. Hum Reprod 2012; 27(4):1209-16.
32. Zhao JL, Chen ZJ, Shi YH, Geng L, Ma ZX, Li Y, et al. [Investigation of body hair assessment of Chinese women in Shandong region and its preliminary application in polycystic ovary syndrome patients]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2007; 42(9):590-4.
33. Api M, Badoglu B, Akca A, Api O, Gorgen H, Cetin A. Interobserver variability of modified FerrimanGallwey hirsutism score in a Turkish population. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2009; 279(4):473.
34. Hatch R, Rosenfield RL, Kim MH, Tredway D. Hirsutism: implications, etiology, and management. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981; 140(7):815-30.
35. Perkins AC, Maglione J, Hillebrand GG, Miyamoto K, Kimball AB. Acne vulgaris in women: prevalence across the life span. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2012; 21(2):223-30.
36. Devoto Canessa E, Aravena C. L. Hirsutism: experience in diagnosis and treatment in the period 1970-1995. Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. 1995; 60(4):291-301.
37. Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Escobar-Morreale HF, Futterweit W, et al. Positions statement: criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an Androgen Excess Society guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91(11):4237-45.
38. Merkin SS, Azziz R, Seeman T, Calderon-Margalit R, Daviglus M, Kiefe C, et al. Socioeconomic status and polycystic ovary syndrome. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2011; 20(3):413-9.
39. Azziz R, Sánchez LA, Knochenhauer ES, Moran C, Lazenby J, Stephens KC, et al. Androgen excess in women: experience with over 1000 consecutive patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89(2):453-62.
40. Al-Ruhaily AD, Malabu UH, Sulimani RA. Hirsutism in Saudi females of reproductive age: a hospitalbased study. Ann Saudi Med 2008; 28(1):28-32.
41. Legro RS, Driscoll D, Strauss JF, Fox J, Dunaif A. Evidence for a genetic basis for hyperandrogenemia in polycystic ovary syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95(25):14956-60.
42. Franks S, Berga SL. Does PCOS have developmental origins? Fertil Steril 2012; 97(1):2-6.
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