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Gómez Londoño, C. F., & González Correa, C. H. (2018). An anthropometric and physical condition assessment of university students attending a food assistance program in Colombia. Biosalud, 17(1), 9–18. https://doi.org/10.17151/biosa.2018.17.1.2
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Abstract
The university life implies significant changes in the food habits and physical activities. The university students usually don’t fulfill neither the recommended nutritional requirements nor the physical condition advises. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional state and physical condition in Colombian university students attending to a food assistance program. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study with undergraduate students from the University of Caldas, Colombia. Anthropometric measurements (e.g. height, weight, biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds, arm and waist circumferences) were taken. Besides, functional manual pressure tests and the Harvard step test were performed. The correlation between anthropometrical and functional variables was calculated. According to the Body mass index (BMI), 22.4% from 420 students had malnutrition. The weight excess was 3.6 times bigger tan undernourishment (17.9 compared to 4.5%). However, when the body fat was measured the situation got worse: the 46.4% of them had fat excess. The women were the most affected. The waist circumference showed a fat distribution with abdominal predominance in 14% of the population. The forearm strength and muscle mass were decreased in almost the 50% of men and 30% of women. The physical condition was inappropriate for the 38.1% of participants with a greater alteration in the men. Contradicting the assumptions, it has found out that around 50% of the public university students and beneficiaries of a food assistance program had body fat excess and an inappropriate physical condition. Efforts to improve the physical activity and food habits must be carried out. At the same time, the impact of the malnutrition in health and academic efficiency must be reduced.
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References
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8. Rodríguez F, Palma X, Romo A, Escobar D, Aragú B, Espinoza L, et al. Eating habits, physical activity and socioeconomic level in university students of Chile. Nutr Hosp. 2013;28(2):447-455.
9. Zaccagni L, Masotti S, Donati R, Mazzoni G, Gualdi-Russo E. Body image and weight perceptions in relation to actual measurements by means of a new index and level of physical activity in Italian university students. J Transl Med. 2014;12:42.
10. Vargas-Zárate M, Becerra-Bulla F, Prieto-Suárez E. Evaluating university students’ dietary intake in Bogotá, Colombia. Rev. salud pública. 2010;12(1):116-25.
11. Córdoba LG, Luengo LM, García V. Analysis of knowledge about healthy breakfast and its relation to life style habits and academic performance in compulsory secondary students. Endocrinol Nutr. 2014;61(5):242-51.
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13. Frisancho AR. New norms of upper limb fat and muscle areas for assessment of nutritional status. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981;34(11):2540-5.
14. Tyler H, Adams J, Ellis B. What can handgrip strength tell the therapist about hand function? J Hand Ther. 2005;10(1):4-9.
15. McArdle WD, Match VI. Essentials of Exercise Physiology. 3rd Ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publ; 2006. Available in: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=L4aZIDbmV3oC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
16. WHO. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation. WHO Technical Report Series 894. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000.
17. Waist Circumference and Waist–Hip Ratio Report of a WHO Expert Consultation, Geneva, 8-11 December 2008.
18. Durnin JV, Womersley J. Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years. Br J Nutr. 1974;32(1):77-97.
19. Gallagher D, Heymsfield SB, Heo M, Jebb SA, Murgatroyd PR, Sakamoto Y. Healthy percentage body fat ranges: an approach for developing guidelines based on body mass index. Am J Clin Nutr.2000;72(3):694-701.
20. Corvos-Hidalgo CA. Anthropometric assessment of nutritional status using the circumference of the arm in university students. Nutr. Clin. diet. hosp. 2011;31(3):22-27.
21. Mathiowetz V, Kashman N, Volland G, Webber K, Dowe M, Rogers S. Grip and Pinch Strength: Normative Data for Adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1985;66(2):69-74.
22. Bragagnolo R, Caporossi FS, Dock-Nascimento DB, Eduardo de Aguilar-Nascimento J. Handgrip strength and adductor pollicis muscle thickness as predictors of postoperative complications after major operations of the gastrointestinal tract. E-SPEN. 2011;6(1):e21-e26.
23. García-Gulfo MH, García-Zea JA. Cardiovascular risk factor prevalence in university students. Rev Salud Pública. 2012;14(5):822-30.
24. Diniz Araújo ML, Coelho Cabral P, Kruze Grande de Arruda I, Siqueira Tavares Falcão AP, Silva Diniz A. Body fat assessment by bioelectrical impedance and its correlation with anthropometric indicators. Nutr Hosp. 2012;27(6):1999-2005.
25. Webb JB, Hardin AS. A preliminary evaluation of BMI status in moderating changes in body composition and eating behavior in ethnically-diverse first-year college women. Eat Behav. 2012;13(4):402-5.
26. Pasco JA, Holloway KL, Dobbins AG, Kotowicz MA, Williams LJ, Brennan SL. Body mass index and measures of body fat for defining obesity and underweight: a cross-sectional, population-based study. BMC Obes. 2014;1:9.
27. Ledo-Varela M.T, de Luis-Román DA, González-Sagrado M, Izaola-Jauregui O, Conde-Vicente R, Aller de la Fuente R. Nutritional characteristics and lifestyle in university students. Nutr Hosp. 2011;26(4):814-18.
28. Ratner R, Hernández P, Martel J, Atalah E. Food quality and nutritional status in university students of eleven Chilean regions. Rev Med Chile. 2012;140(12):1571-79.
29. Martins Mdo C, Ricarte IF, Rocha CH, Maia RB, Silva VB, Veras AB, Filho MD. Blood pressure, excess weight and level of physical activity in students of a public university. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010;95(2):192-9.
30. Huda N, Ahmad R. Preliminary Survey on Nutritional Status among University Students at Malaysia. Pak. J. Nutr. 2010;9(2):125-27.
31. Martínez MA, Leiva AM, Sotomayor C, Victoriano T, Von-Chrismar AM, Pineda S. Cardiovascular risk factors among university students. Rev Med Chile. 2012;140(4):426-35.
32. Buendía R, Zambrano M, Díaz A, Reino A, Ramírez J, Espinosa E. Waist circumference cut-off points for the diagnosis of abdominal obesity in Colombian population by means of bioimpedance as a reference standard. Rev. Colomb. Cardiol. 2016;23(1):19-25.
33. Flood A, Chung A, Parker H, Kearns V, O’Sullivan TA. The use of hand grip strength as a predictor of nutrition status in hospital patients. Clin Nutr. 2014;33(1):106-14.
34. Bruening M, Brennhofer S, van Woerden I, Todd M, Laska M. Factors related to the high rates of food insecurity among diverse, urban college freshmen. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.04.004.
35. Payne-Sturges DC, Tjaden A, Caldeira KM, Vincent KB, Arria AM. Student Hunger on Campus: Food Insecurity Among College Students and Implications for Academic Institutions. Am J Health Promot.2017. doi: 10.1177/0890117117719620.
36. Wilson CK, Matthews JI, Seabrook JA, Dworatzek PD. Self-reported food skills of university students. Appetite. 2016;108:270-276. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.10.011.
37. Farahbakhsh J, Hanbazaza M, Ball GDC, Farmer AP1, Maximova K, Willows ND. Food insecure student clients of a university-based food bank have compromised health, dietary intake and academic quality. Nutr Diet. 2017;74(1):67-73. doi: 10.1111/1747-0080.12307.
2. Alvarado C, Molina DI, Zárate A, Toro E. EPRAS Study: population-based study of cardiovascular risk in a Colombian population. Rev. Colomb. Cardiol. 2014;21(5):284-293.
3. United Nations for Food and Agriculture. Nutrition profiles by country - Colombia [Internet]. FAO; 2001. ESNA, Fajardo LF. Available in: ftp://ftp.fao.org/es/esn/nutrition/ncp/col.pdf
4. Karlen G, Masino MV, Fortino MA, Martinelli M. Breakfast consumption among university students: habit, nutritional quality and relationship with body mass index. Diaeta. 2011;29(137):23-30.
5. Durán-Agüero S, Bazaez-Díaz G, Figueroa-Velásquez K, Berlanga-Zúñiga MR, Encina-Vega C, Rodríguez-Noel MP. Comparison between the quality of life and nutritional status of nutrition students and those of other university careers at the Santo Thomas University in Chile. Nutr Hosp. 2012;27(3):739-746.
6. Durán-Agüero S, Reyes-García S, Gaete MC. Vitamin and minerals consumed food group by Chilean university students. Nutr Hosp. 2013;28(3):830-838.
7. Abdull-Hakim NH, Muniandy ND, Danish A. Nutritional status and eating practices among University students in selected universities in Selangor, Malaysia. Asian J. Clin. Nutr. 2012;4(3):77-87.
8. Rodríguez F, Palma X, Romo A, Escobar D, Aragú B, Espinoza L, et al. Eating habits, physical activity and socioeconomic level in university students of Chile. Nutr Hosp. 2013;28(2):447-455.
9. Zaccagni L, Masotti S, Donati R, Mazzoni G, Gualdi-Russo E. Body image and weight perceptions in relation to actual measurements by means of a new index and level of physical activity in Italian university students. J Transl Med. 2014;12:42.
10. Vargas-Zárate M, Becerra-Bulla F, Prieto-Suárez E. Evaluating university students’ dietary intake in Bogotá, Colombia. Rev. salud pública. 2010;12(1):116-25.
11. Córdoba LG, Luengo LM, García V. Analysis of knowledge about healthy breakfast and its relation to life style habits and academic performance in compulsory secondary students. Endocrinol Nutr. 2014;61(5):242-51.
12. Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R. Anthropometric standardization reference manual. Abridged; 1991.
13. Frisancho AR. New norms of upper limb fat and muscle areas for assessment of nutritional status. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981;34(11):2540-5.
14. Tyler H, Adams J, Ellis B. What can handgrip strength tell the therapist about hand function? J Hand Ther. 2005;10(1):4-9.
15. McArdle WD, Match VI. Essentials of Exercise Physiology. 3rd Ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publ; 2006. Available in: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=L4aZIDbmV3oC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
16. WHO. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation. WHO Technical Report Series 894. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000.
17. Waist Circumference and Waist–Hip Ratio Report of a WHO Expert Consultation, Geneva, 8-11 December 2008.
18. Durnin JV, Womersley J. Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years. Br J Nutr. 1974;32(1):77-97.
19. Gallagher D, Heymsfield SB, Heo M, Jebb SA, Murgatroyd PR, Sakamoto Y. Healthy percentage body fat ranges: an approach for developing guidelines based on body mass index. Am J Clin Nutr.2000;72(3):694-701.
20. Corvos-Hidalgo CA. Anthropometric assessment of nutritional status using the circumference of the arm in university students. Nutr. Clin. diet. hosp. 2011;31(3):22-27.
21. Mathiowetz V, Kashman N, Volland G, Webber K, Dowe M, Rogers S. Grip and Pinch Strength: Normative Data for Adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1985;66(2):69-74.
22. Bragagnolo R, Caporossi FS, Dock-Nascimento DB, Eduardo de Aguilar-Nascimento J. Handgrip strength and adductor pollicis muscle thickness as predictors of postoperative complications after major operations of the gastrointestinal tract. E-SPEN. 2011;6(1):e21-e26.
23. García-Gulfo MH, García-Zea JA. Cardiovascular risk factor prevalence in university students. Rev Salud Pública. 2012;14(5):822-30.
24. Diniz Araújo ML, Coelho Cabral P, Kruze Grande de Arruda I, Siqueira Tavares Falcão AP, Silva Diniz A. Body fat assessment by bioelectrical impedance and its correlation with anthropometric indicators. Nutr Hosp. 2012;27(6):1999-2005.
25. Webb JB, Hardin AS. A preliminary evaluation of BMI status in moderating changes in body composition and eating behavior in ethnically-diverse first-year college women. Eat Behav. 2012;13(4):402-5.
26. Pasco JA, Holloway KL, Dobbins AG, Kotowicz MA, Williams LJ, Brennan SL. Body mass index and measures of body fat for defining obesity and underweight: a cross-sectional, population-based study. BMC Obes. 2014;1:9.
27. Ledo-Varela M.T, de Luis-Román DA, González-Sagrado M, Izaola-Jauregui O, Conde-Vicente R, Aller de la Fuente R. Nutritional characteristics and lifestyle in university students. Nutr Hosp. 2011;26(4):814-18.
28. Ratner R, Hernández P, Martel J, Atalah E. Food quality and nutritional status in university students of eleven Chilean regions. Rev Med Chile. 2012;140(12):1571-79.
29. Martins Mdo C, Ricarte IF, Rocha CH, Maia RB, Silva VB, Veras AB, Filho MD. Blood pressure, excess weight and level of physical activity in students of a public university. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2010;95(2):192-9.
30. Huda N, Ahmad R. Preliminary Survey on Nutritional Status among University Students at Malaysia. Pak. J. Nutr. 2010;9(2):125-27.
31. Martínez MA, Leiva AM, Sotomayor C, Victoriano T, Von-Chrismar AM, Pineda S. Cardiovascular risk factors among university students. Rev Med Chile. 2012;140(4):426-35.
32. Buendía R, Zambrano M, Díaz A, Reino A, Ramírez J, Espinosa E. Waist circumference cut-off points for the diagnosis of abdominal obesity in Colombian population by means of bioimpedance as a reference standard. Rev. Colomb. Cardiol. 2016;23(1):19-25.
33. Flood A, Chung A, Parker H, Kearns V, O’Sullivan TA. The use of hand grip strength as a predictor of nutrition status in hospital patients. Clin Nutr. 2014;33(1):106-14.
34. Bruening M, Brennhofer S, van Woerden I, Todd M, Laska M. Factors related to the high rates of food insecurity among diverse, urban college freshmen. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.04.004.
35. Payne-Sturges DC, Tjaden A, Caldeira KM, Vincent KB, Arria AM. Student Hunger on Campus: Food Insecurity Among College Students and Implications for Academic Institutions. Am J Health Promot.2017. doi: 10.1177/0890117117719620.
36. Wilson CK, Matthews JI, Seabrook JA, Dworatzek PD. Self-reported food skills of university students. Appetite. 2016;108:270-276. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.10.011.
37. Farahbakhsh J, Hanbazaza M, Ball GDC, Farmer AP1, Maximova K, Willows ND. Food insecure student clients of a university-based food bank have compromised health, dietary intake and academic quality. Nutr Diet. 2017;74(1):67-73. doi: 10.1111/1747-0080.12307.
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