Autores/as
Resumen
En la mayoría de los animales domésticos los últimos estadios del desarrollo folicular se presentan en un patrón de ondas durante el ciclo estral. Una onda folicular es caracterizada por el crecimiento sincrónico de un grupo de folículos, uno (o un número especie-específico) de ellos continúa creciendo (folículo dominante) mientras los otros regresan por inhibición de su desarrollo (folículos subordinados). La función folicular ha sido estudiada en la oveja, aunque la descripción del patrón de desarrollo folicular ha sido controvertido en los estudios iníciales. Algunos autores describieron el crecimiento folicular como continuo e independiente de la fase del ciclo. Otros estudios apoyaron un patrón de ondas. Actualmente, hay un acuerdo general que reconcilia ambos puntos de vista; el cual es basado sobre la alta variabilidad en el número de grupos desarrollándose en cada onda (el grupo de folículos) y la alta variabilidad en el número de grupos desarrollándose en cada ciclo estral. De esta forma, folículos > 5 mm de diámetro exhibirán un patrón de onda mientras folículos menores a 4 mm crecerán al azar. Muchos estudios describen dos a cuatro ondas foliculares durante el ciclo estral, con uno describiendo hasta seis ondas por ciclo. La selección folicular es el proceso por el cual se disminuye el número de folículos en crecimiento en una onda de acuerdo al número de folículos especie-específicos que ovulan. Durante el ciclo estral, el folículo dominante y el folículo subordinado mayor alcanzan diámetros máximos de 5-7 y 3-5 mm, respectivamente. En muchos casos los folículos ovulatorios se desarrollan desde un grupo de folículos desde la última onda folicular, pero también pueden originarse desde la penúltima onda folicular. Comprender los mecanismos que involucran el desarrollo folicular es importante para diseñar estrategias que mejoren los aspectos reproductivos y productivos en pequeños rumiantes.
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