Resumen
El bienestar animal es un elemento ético en el concepto integral de "calidad de la carne". Los consumidores, además de exigir alimentos inocuos, cada día demandan alimentos producidos bajo un manejo ético de los animales. El conocimiento de la etología bovina y el manejo de los animales favoreciendo su comportamiento natural, disminuyen los riesgos de accidentes ocupacionales para el personal y evita el sufrimiento innecesario en los animales. Este artículo presenta los lineamientos de manejo a implementar durante el pre-sacrificio basados en el comportamiento bovino, así como, la importancia del entrenamiento del personal y la auditoria.
Citas
Consejo nacional de la cadena cárnica bovina [Internet]. Disponible en: http://cadenacarnicabovina.org.co. Consultado Agosto de 2011.
Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural [Internet]. Disponible en: http://www.minagricultura.gov.co/archivos/conpes_3676_politica_sanitaria.pdf. Consultado Julio de 2011.
Warner RD, Ferguson DM, Cottrell JJ, Knee BW. Acute stress induced by the preslaughter use of electric prodders causes tougher beef meat. Aust J Exp Agri 2007; 47:782-788.
María GA, Villarroel M, Sañudo C, Olleta JL, Gebresenbet G. Effect of transport time and ageing on aspects of beef quality. Meat Sci 2003, 65:1335-1340.
Romero MH, Sánchez JA, Gutiérrez C. Evaluación de prácticas de bienestar animal durante el transporte de bovinos para sacrificio. Rev salud pública 2011; 13(4):684-689.
Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal [Internet]. Disponible en: http://www.oie.int/es/normasinternacionales/codigo-terrestre/acceso-en-linea/. Consultado Julio de 2011.
Paranhos da Costa, MJR, Costa e Silva EV. Aspectos básicos do comportamento social de bovinos. Ver Bras Reprod anim 2007; 31(2):172-176.
Romero MH, Sánchez JA. Implicaciones de la inclusión del bienestar animal en la legislación sanitaria colombiana. Rev Colomb Cien Pecu 2011; 24:93-101.
Broom DM. Indicators of poor welfare. Brit Vet J 1986; 142:524-526.
Broom DM, Molento CFM. Bem-estar animal: conceito e questões relacionadas-Revisão. Arch Vet Sci 2004; 9(2):1-11.
Grandin T. Transferring results of behavioral research to industry to improve animal welfare on the farm, ranch and the slaughter plant. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2003; 81:215-228.
Minka NS, Ayo JO. Effects of loading behaviour and road transport stress on traumatic injuries in cattle transported by road during the hot-dry season. Livest Sci 2007; 107:91-95.
De Witte K. Development of the Australian Animal Welfare standards and guidelines for the land transport of livestock: process and philosophical considerations. J Vet Behav 2009; 4:148-156.
Fisher AD, Colditz IG, Lee C, Ferguson DM. The influence of land transport on animal welfare in extensive farming systems. J Vet Behav 2009; 4:157-162.
Sejian V, Lakritz J, Ezeji T, Lal R. Assessment methods and indicators of animal welfare. Asian J Anim Vet Adv 2011; 6(4):301-315.
Gallo C, Pérez S, Sanhueza C, Gasic J. Efectos del tiempo de transporte de novillos previo al faenamiento sobre el comportamiento, las pérdidas de peso y algunas características de la canal. Arch Med Vet 2000; 32(2):157-170.
Gallo C, Espinoza A, Gasic J. Efectos del transporte por camión durante 36 horas con y sin período de descanso sobre el peso vivo y algunos aspectos de calidad de carne en bovinos. Arc Med Vet 2001; 33(1):43-53.
Gallo C, Lizondo G, Knowles G. Effects of journey and lairage time on steers transported to slaughter in Chile. Vet Rec 2003; 152:361-364.
Gallo C, Warris P, Knowles T, Negrón R, Valdés A, Mencarini I. Densidades de carga utilizadas para el transporte de bovinos destinados a matadero en Chile. Arch Med Vet 2005; 37(2):155-159.
Gallo C. Using scientific evidence to inform public policy on the long distance transportation of animals in South America. Vet Ital 2008; 44(1):113-120.
Ferguson DM, Warner RD. Have we underestimated the impact of pre-slaughter on meat quality in ruminants? Meat Sci 2008; 80:12-19.
Paranhos da Costa MJR. Ambiência na produção de bovinos de corte a pasto. Anais de Etologia 2000; 18:26-42.
Grandin T. ed. Livestock handling and transport. Cambridge: CABI; 2007.
Broom DM. Transport stress in cattle and sheep with details of physiological, ethological and other indicators. DtschTierârztl Wschr 2003; 110:83-89.
Grignard L, Boivin X, Boissy A, Neindre PL. Do beef cattle react consistently to different handling situations? Appl Anim Behav Sci 2001; 71:263-276.
Hagen K, Broom DM. Cattle discriminate between individual familiar herd members in a learning experiment. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2003; 82:13-28.
Grandin T. Auditing animal welfare at slaughter plants. Meat Sci 2010; 86:56-65.
María GA, Villarroel M, Chacón G, Gebresenbet G. Scoring system for evaluating the stress to cattle of commercial loading and unloading. Vet Rec 2004; 26:818-821.
Romero MH, Uribe LF, Sánchez JA. El transporte terrestre de bovinos y sus implicaciones en el bienestar animal: Revisión. Biosalud 2010; 9(2):67-82.
Resolución 002341/2007, Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario ICA. (Boletín del Estado, número 46730, 24-09-07).
Paranhos da Costa MJR, Spironelli ALG, Quintiliano MH. Boas práticas de manejo: embarque. JUNEP, Jaboticabal. 2010.
Romero MH, Sánchez JA. Evaluación de las buenas prácticas ganaderas en bovinos de carne en el centro de Caldas. Biosalud 2010; 9(2):67-82. Biosalud 2011; 10(1):52-60.
Buckham KR, Sporer PSD, Weber JL, Burton B, Earley B, Crowe MA. Transportation of young beef bulls alters circulating physiological parameters that may be effective biomarkers of stress. J Animal S 2008; 86:1325-1334.
Minka NS, Ayo JO. Effects of loading behaviour and road transport stress on traumatic injuries in cattle transported by road during the hot-dry season. Livest Sci 2007; 107:91-95.
Gupta S, Earley B, Crowe MA. Effect of 12-hour road transportation on physiological, immunological and hematological parameters in bulls housed at different space allowances. Vet J 2007; 173:605-616.
Cockram MS. Criteria and potential reasons for maximum journey times for farm animals destined for slaughter. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2007; 106:234-243.
Paranhos da Costa MJR, Quintiliano MH, Tseimazides SP. Boas práticas de manejo Transporte. JUNEP, Jaboticabal. 2011.
Gallo C, Tadich TA. South America. In: Long distance transport and welfare of farm animals, eds. M.C. Appleby, V. Cussen, L. Garcés, L Lambert and J. Turner. 1 ed. Wallingford: CABI; 2008. p. 261-287.
Partida JA, Olleta JL, Campo MM, Sañudo C, María GA. Effect of social dominance on the meat quality of Young Friesian bulls. Meat Sci 2007; 76:266-273.
Pipek P, Haberl A, Jelenikova J. Influence of slaughterhouse handling of the quality of beef carcasses. Czech J Anim Sci 2003, 9:371-378.
Fike K, Spire M. Transportation of cattle. Vet Clin food anim 2006; 22:305-320.
Mach N, Bach A, Velarde A, Devant M. Association between animal, transportation, slaughterhouse practices, and meat pH in beef. Meat Sci 2008; 78: 232-238.
Villarroel M, María G, Sañudo G, García-Belenguer S, Chacón G, Gebresenbet G. Effect of commercial transport in Spain on cattle welfare and meat quality. Dtschtierärztl Wschr 2003; 110:105-107.
Resolución 2905/2007, Ministerio de la Protección Social. (Boletín del Estado, número 46733, 27-08-07).
Grandin T. Progress and challenges in animal handling and slaughter in U.S. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2006; 100:129-139.
Gregory NG, Lee CJ, Viddicombe JP. Depth of concussion in cattle shot by penetrating captive bolt. Meat Sci 2007; 77:499-503.
Gregory NG. Recent concerns about stunning and slaughter. Meat Sci 2005; 70: 481-491.
Grandin T. 2010c. Recommended Animal Handling Guidelines Audit Guide: A Systematic Approach to Animal Welfare. AMI Foundation: American Meat Institute Animal Welfare Committee. [Online]. [Cited 20 aug, 2011]. Available from World Wide Web: http://www.animalhandling.org/ht/a/GetDocumentAction/i/58425.
Schwartzkopf-Genswein KS, Haley DB, Church S, Woods J, O´byrne T. An education and training programme for livestock transporters in Canada. Vet Ital 2008; 44(1):273-283.
Gavinelli A, Ferrara M, Simonin D. Formulating policies for the welfare of animals during long distance transportation. Vet Ital 2008; 44(1):71-86.
Edge MK, Barnett JL. Development of animal welfare standards for the livestock transport industry: process, challenges, and implementation. J Vet Behav 2009; 4:187-192.
Miranda-de la Lama GC, Rivero L, Chacón G, Garcia-Belenguer S. Effect of the pre-slaughter logistic on some indicators of welfare in lambs. Livest Sci 2010; 128:52-59.
Grignard L, Boissy A, Boivin X, Garel JP, Neindre PL. The social environment influences the behavioural responses of beef cattle to handling. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2000; 68:1-11.
Hemsworth PH, Rice M, Karlen MG, Calleja L, Barnett JL, Nash J et al. Human-animal interactions at abattoirs: Relationships between handling and animal stress in sheep and cattle. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2011; 135:24-33.
PDF
FLIP
