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Fecha Publicación: 2011-12-23
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Osorio, J. H., & Matheus, S. (2011). Actualización en el funcionamiento de la glándula tiroides en el felino doméstico. Primera parte: Funcionamiento normal e hipotiroidismo. Biosalud, 10(2), 59–70. Recuperado a partir de https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/biosalud/article/view/4740
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Objetivo: actualizar los conceptos sobre el funcionamiento normal de la glándula tiroides en felinos domésticos y abordar los conceptos fundamentales del hipotiroidismo felino. Materiales y métodos: se analizó la literatura disponible de los últimos 50 años en las bases de datos BBCS-LILACS, Fuente Académica, IB-PsycINFO, IB-SSCI, IB-SciELO, Scopus y Scirus, al igual que artículos históricos, textos y referencias citadas en trabajos públicos. Resultados: se obtuvo información pertinente relacionada con los objetivos propuestos en la presente revisión, por ende, el artículo se clasifica en 3 secciones: producción y almacenamiento de hormonas tiroideas, funciones de las hormonas tiroideas, hipotiroidismo felino. Conclusión: la glándula tiroides juega un papel importante, como productora de hormonas tiroideas, siendo éstas necesarias para la diferenciación celular y el crecimiento del organismo. El hipotiroidismo en los felinos es de escasa presentación y se clasifica según el tiempo de inicio en congénito o adquirido y dependiendo del sitio de alteración en primario, secundario y terciario. Según la severidad de su presentación también puede clasificarse en las formas clínica o sub-clínica.
Citas
Flanders JA. Surgical options for the treatment of hyperthyroidism in the cat. J Feline Med Surg 1999; 127-134.
Birchard SJ. Thyroidectomy in the cat. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 2006; 29-33.
Mori da Cunha MG, Pippi NL, Gomes K, Beckmann DV. Hipertiroidismo feline. Ciencia Rural 2008; 38(5):1486-1494.
Sisson S, Grossman JD. Anatomía de los animales domésticos. 5 ed. Barcelona: Masson S.A; 2000. p. 1742-1745.
Konig HE, Liebich HG. Anatomía de los animales domésticos. 2 ed. Buenos Aires: Médica panamericana S.A; 2008. p. 279-281.
Cunningham JG, Klein BG. Fisiología Veterinaria. 4 ed. Barcelona: Elsevier Saunders; 2009. p. 430-436.
Engelking LR. Metabolic and endocrine physiology. 1 ed. Jackson, WY: Teton NewMedia; 2006.
Blackwood L, Argyle DJ. The activity of the feline thyroglobulin promoter is compromised by flanking adenoviral sequence. Vet J 2004; 168(8):50-59.
Rayalam S, Eizenstat LD, Hoenig M, Ferguson DC. Cloning and sequencing of feline thyrotropin (fTSH): Heterodimeric and yoked constructs. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2006; 30(3):203-217.
Blackwood L, Argyle DJ. Characterization of the feline thyroglobulin promoter. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2001; 20: 185-201.
Visser TJ, Van Overmeeren EV, Fekkes DR, Docter R, Hennemann G. Inhibition of iodothyronine 5-deiodinase by thioureylenes: structure-activity relationship. FEBS Letters; 1979. p. 314-318.
Matamorros R, Contreras PA, Wittwer F, Mayorga MV. Hipotiroidismo en rumiantes. Arch Med Vet 2003; 35 (1):1-11.
Yeh PM. Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action. Physiol. Rev 2001; 81:1097-1142.
Rayalam S, Eizenstat LD, Davis RR, Hoenig M, Ferguson DC. Expression and purification of feline thyrotropin (fTSH): Immunological detection and bioactivity of heterodimeric and yoked glycoproteins. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2006; 30(3):185-202.
Roberts CG, Ladenson PW. Hypothyroidism. Lancet 2004; 363 (9411):793-803.
Diaz-Espiñeira MM, Mol JA, Van den Ingh BS, Van der Vlugt-Meijer RH, Rijnberk A, Kooistra HS. Functional and morphological changes in the adenohypophysis of dogs with induced primary hypothyroidism: loss of TSH hypersecretion, hypersomatotropism, hypoprolactinemia, and pituitary enlargement with transdifferentiation. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2008; 35(1):98-111.
Pascual-Leone AM. Interacción entre hormonas tiroideas y factores de crecimiento IGFs. Anal Real Acad Farm 2000; 66(3):1-16.
Kratzsch J, Pulzer F. Thyroid gland development and defects. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 22 (1):57-75.
Hoenig M, Caffall Z, Ferguson DC. Triiodothyronine differentially regulates key metabolic factors in lean and obese cats. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2008; 34(3):229-237.
Bernal J. Hormonas tiroideas y sistema nervioso central. An Esp Pediatr 2002; 56: 38-41.
Schenck PA, Calcium Homeostasis in Thyroid Disease in Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin Small Anim 2007; 37(4):693-708.
Zaninovich AA. Hormonas tiroideas, obesidad y termogénesis en grasa parda. Medicina 2001; 61:597-602.
Rijnberk AD, Kooistra HS, Mol JA. Endocrine diseases in dogs and cats: similarities and differences with endocrine diseases in humans. Growth Hormon IGF Res 2003; 13:158-164.
Panciera DL. Manual of Small Animal Endocrinology. 2 ed. United Kingdom: British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1998. p. 103-113.
Nelson RW, Couto GC. Medicina interna de animales pequeños. 2 ed. Buenos Aires: Intermédica; 2000. p. 766-777.
Moley JF. Hereditary Endocrinopathies. Curr Probl Surg 1999; 36 (9):655-762.
Mellanby RJ, Jeffery ND, Gopal MS, Herrtage ME. Secondary hypothyroidism following head trauma in a cat. J Fel Med Surg 2005; 7(2):135-139.
Quante S, Fracassi F, Gorgas D, Kircher PR, Boretti FS, Ohlerth S, et al. Congenital hypothyroidism in a kitten resulting in decreased IGF-I concentration and abnormal liver function tests. J Fel Med Surg 2010; 12:487-490.
Gunn-Moore D. Feline Endocrinopathies. Vet Clin Small Anim 2005; 35(1):171-210.
Greco DS. Diagnosis of congenital and adult-onset hypothyroidism in cats. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 2006; 21(1):40-44.
Calloni GW, Penno CA, Cordova FM, Trentin AG, Neto MV, Rodrigo Leal RV. Congenital hypothyroidism alters the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK in the hippocampus of neonatal rats. Develop Brain Res 2005; 154(1):141-145.
Graham PA, Refsal R, Nachreiner RF. Etiopathologic Findings of Canine Hypothyroidism. Vet Clin Small Anim 2007; 37(4):617-631.
Rand JS, Levine JU, Best SJ. Spontaneous adult onset hypothyroidism in a cat. J Vet Int Med 1993; 272-276.
Gershwin LJ. Autoimmune diseases in small animals. Vet Clin Small Anim 2010; 40(3):439-457.
Johnson CA. Thyroid issues in reproduction. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 2002; 17(3):129-132.
Ward CR, Windham WR, Dise D. Evaluation of activation of G proteins in response to thyroid stimulating hormone in thyroid. AJVR 2010; 71(6):643-647.
Blois SL, Abrams-Ogg AC, Mitchell C, Yu A, Stoewen D, Lillie BN, et al. Use of thyroid scintigraphy and pituitary immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of spontaneous hypothyroidism in a mature cat. J Fel Med Surg 2010; 12(2):156-160.
Scott-Moncrieff JC. Signos clínicos y enfermedades concurrentes en el hipotiroidismo en perros y gatos. Vet Clin Small Anim 2007; 37:709-722.
Ferguson DC. The Effect of Stress on Thyroid Function and Diseases (and vice versa). 56th ACVP) and 40th ASVCP. Boston, MA, USA; 2005.
Matamoros R, Gomez C, ANDAUR M. Hormonas de utilidad diagnóstica en Medicina Veterinaria. Arch Med Vet. 2002; 34(2):167-179.
Melián C. Diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo canino e hipertiroidismo felino. Vector plus: miscelánea científico-cultural 1999; 13:4-18.
Mooney CT. The effects of non-thyroidal factors on tests of thyroid function. Small Anim Med and Fel Med 2010; 8:28-30.
Boretti FS, Sieber-Ruckstuhl NA, Gerber B, Laluha P, Baumgartner CC, Lutz H, et al. Thyroid enlargement and its relationship to clinicopathological parameters and T4 status in suspected hyperthyroid cats. J Fel Med Surg 2009; 11:286-292.
Capen CC. Overview of structural and functional lesions in endocrine organs of animals. Toxicol Pathol 2001; 29(1):8-33.
Michael Schaer. Clinical medicine of the dog and cat. 2 ed. London: Manson Publishing Ltd; 2003. p. 364-389.
Mann NP. Congenital hypothyroidism e what’s new? Paed Child health 2011; 21(7):295-300.
Mooney CT, Little CJ, Macrae AW. Effect of illness not associated with the thyroid gland on serum total and free thyroxine concentrations in cats. JAVMA 1996; 208(12):2004-2008.
Lien YH, Wu TJ, Huang HP. Evaluation of A Point-of-Care enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of basal serum total thyroxine concentration in cats. JVCS 2008; 1(3):86-88.
Behrend. Actualización de los fármacos utilizados para tratar enfermedades endocrinas en pequeños animales. Vet Clin Small Anim 2006; 36:1087-1105.
Grant DB. Management of hypothyroidism. Curr Paed 1997; 7(2):92-97.
Birchard SJ. Thyroidectomy in the cat. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 2006; 29-33.
Mori da Cunha MG, Pippi NL, Gomes K, Beckmann DV. Hipertiroidismo feline. Ciencia Rural 2008; 38(5):1486-1494.
Sisson S, Grossman JD. Anatomía de los animales domésticos. 5 ed. Barcelona: Masson S.A; 2000. p. 1742-1745.
Konig HE, Liebich HG. Anatomía de los animales domésticos. 2 ed. Buenos Aires: Médica panamericana S.A; 2008. p. 279-281.
Cunningham JG, Klein BG. Fisiología Veterinaria. 4 ed. Barcelona: Elsevier Saunders; 2009. p. 430-436.
Engelking LR. Metabolic and endocrine physiology. 1 ed. Jackson, WY: Teton NewMedia; 2006.
Blackwood L, Argyle DJ. The activity of the feline thyroglobulin promoter is compromised by flanking adenoviral sequence. Vet J 2004; 168(8):50-59.
Rayalam S, Eizenstat LD, Hoenig M, Ferguson DC. Cloning and sequencing of feline thyrotropin (fTSH): Heterodimeric and yoked constructs. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2006; 30(3):203-217.
Blackwood L, Argyle DJ. Characterization of the feline thyroglobulin promoter. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2001; 20: 185-201.
Visser TJ, Van Overmeeren EV, Fekkes DR, Docter R, Hennemann G. Inhibition of iodothyronine 5-deiodinase by thioureylenes: structure-activity relationship. FEBS Letters; 1979. p. 314-318.
Matamorros R, Contreras PA, Wittwer F, Mayorga MV. Hipotiroidismo en rumiantes. Arch Med Vet 2003; 35 (1):1-11.
Yeh PM. Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action. Physiol. Rev 2001; 81:1097-1142.
Rayalam S, Eizenstat LD, Davis RR, Hoenig M, Ferguson DC. Expression and purification of feline thyrotropin (fTSH): Immunological detection and bioactivity of heterodimeric and yoked glycoproteins. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2006; 30(3):185-202.
Roberts CG, Ladenson PW. Hypothyroidism. Lancet 2004; 363 (9411):793-803.
Diaz-Espiñeira MM, Mol JA, Van den Ingh BS, Van der Vlugt-Meijer RH, Rijnberk A, Kooistra HS. Functional and morphological changes in the adenohypophysis of dogs with induced primary hypothyroidism: loss of TSH hypersecretion, hypersomatotropism, hypoprolactinemia, and pituitary enlargement with transdifferentiation. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2008; 35(1):98-111.
Pascual-Leone AM. Interacción entre hormonas tiroideas y factores de crecimiento IGFs. Anal Real Acad Farm 2000; 66(3):1-16.
Kratzsch J, Pulzer F. Thyroid gland development and defects. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 22 (1):57-75.
Hoenig M, Caffall Z, Ferguson DC. Triiodothyronine differentially regulates key metabolic factors in lean and obese cats. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2008; 34(3):229-237.
Bernal J. Hormonas tiroideas y sistema nervioso central. An Esp Pediatr 2002; 56: 38-41.
Schenck PA, Calcium Homeostasis in Thyroid Disease in Dogs and Cats. Vet Clin Small Anim 2007; 37(4):693-708.
Zaninovich AA. Hormonas tiroideas, obesidad y termogénesis en grasa parda. Medicina 2001; 61:597-602.
Rijnberk AD, Kooistra HS, Mol JA. Endocrine diseases in dogs and cats: similarities and differences with endocrine diseases in humans. Growth Hormon IGF Res 2003; 13:158-164.
Panciera DL. Manual of Small Animal Endocrinology. 2 ed. United Kingdom: British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1998. p. 103-113.
Nelson RW, Couto GC. Medicina interna de animales pequeños. 2 ed. Buenos Aires: Intermédica; 2000. p. 766-777.
Moley JF. Hereditary Endocrinopathies. Curr Probl Surg 1999; 36 (9):655-762.
Mellanby RJ, Jeffery ND, Gopal MS, Herrtage ME. Secondary hypothyroidism following head trauma in a cat. J Fel Med Surg 2005; 7(2):135-139.
Quante S, Fracassi F, Gorgas D, Kircher PR, Boretti FS, Ohlerth S, et al. Congenital hypothyroidism in a kitten resulting in decreased IGF-I concentration and abnormal liver function tests. J Fel Med Surg 2010; 12:487-490.
Gunn-Moore D. Feline Endocrinopathies. Vet Clin Small Anim 2005; 35(1):171-210.
Greco DS. Diagnosis of congenital and adult-onset hypothyroidism in cats. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 2006; 21(1):40-44.
Calloni GW, Penno CA, Cordova FM, Trentin AG, Neto MV, Rodrigo Leal RV. Congenital hypothyroidism alters the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK in the hippocampus of neonatal rats. Develop Brain Res 2005; 154(1):141-145.
Graham PA, Refsal R, Nachreiner RF. Etiopathologic Findings of Canine Hypothyroidism. Vet Clin Small Anim 2007; 37(4):617-631.
Rand JS, Levine JU, Best SJ. Spontaneous adult onset hypothyroidism in a cat. J Vet Int Med 1993; 272-276.
Gershwin LJ. Autoimmune diseases in small animals. Vet Clin Small Anim 2010; 40(3):439-457.
Johnson CA. Thyroid issues in reproduction. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 2002; 17(3):129-132.
Ward CR, Windham WR, Dise D. Evaluation of activation of G proteins in response to thyroid stimulating hormone in thyroid. AJVR 2010; 71(6):643-647.
Blois SL, Abrams-Ogg AC, Mitchell C, Yu A, Stoewen D, Lillie BN, et al. Use of thyroid scintigraphy and pituitary immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of spontaneous hypothyroidism in a mature cat. J Fel Med Surg 2010; 12(2):156-160.
Scott-Moncrieff JC. Signos clínicos y enfermedades concurrentes en el hipotiroidismo en perros y gatos. Vet Clin Small Anim 2007; 37:709-722.
Ferguson DC. The Effect of Stress on Thyroid Function and Diseases (and vice versa). 56th ACVP) and 40th ASVCP. Boston, MA, USA; 2005.
Matamoros R, Gomez C, ANDAUR M. Hormonas de utilidad diagnóstica en Medicina Veterinaria. Arch Med Vet. 2002; 34(2):167-179.
Melián C. Diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo canino e hipertiroidismo felino. Vector plus: miscelánea científico-cultural 1999; 13:4-18.
Mooney CT. The effects of non-thyroidal factors on tests of thyroid function. Small Anim Med and Fel Med 2010; 8:28-30.
Boretti FS, Sieber-Ruckstuhl NA, Gerber B, Laluha P, Baumgartner CC, Lutz H, et al. Thyroid enlargement and its relationship to clinicopathological parameters and T4 status in suspected hyperthyroid cats. J Fel Med Surg 2009; 11:286-292.
Capen CC. Overview of structural and functional lesions in endocrine organs of animals. Toxicol Pathol 2001; 29(1):8-33.
Michael Schaer. Clinical medicine of the dog and cat. 2 ed. London: Manson Publishing Ltd; 2003. p. 364-389.
Mann NP. Congenital hypothyroidism e what’s new? Paed Child health 2011; 21(7):295-300.
Mooney CT, Little CJ, Macrae AW. Effect of illness not associated with the thyroid gland on serum total and free thyroxine concentrations in cats. JAVMA 1996; 208(12):2004-2008.
Lien YH, Wu TJ, Huang HP. Evaluation of A Point-of-Care enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of basal serum total thyroxine concentration in cats. JVCS 2008; 1(3):86-88.
Behrend. Actualización de los fármacos utilizados para tratar enfermedades endocrinas en pequeños animales. Vet Clin Small Anim 2006; 36:1087-1105.
Grant DB. Management of hypothyroidism. Curr Paed 1997; 7(2):92-97.
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