PDF
FLIP
Fecha Publicación: 2013-06-21
Cómo citar
Osorio, J. H., & Aguirre, C. A. (2013). Relación entre el metabolismo de los triglicéridos y aterosclerosis en la hipercolesterolemia familiar. Biosalud, 12(1), 49–58. Recuperado a partir de https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/biosalud/article/view/4706
Más formatos de cita
Autores/as
Resumen
La hipercolesterolemia familiar (HF) es un desorden genético, que afecta en la forma heterocigota a uno de cada 500 nacimientos. Está asociado a aterosclerosis, debido a la elevación de las concentraciones de Lipoproteínas de Baja Densidad (LDL), además se han reportado niveles elevados de triglicéridos, e hipertrigliciridemia postprandrial, como posible factor de riesgo independiente para aterosclerosis. En el presente artículo de revisión, se analizó la literatura disponible en la base de datos, al igual que artículos históricos, textos y referencias citadas en trabajos públicos, buscando analizar la relación entre el metabolismo de los triglicéridos en la hipercolesterolemia familiar y la aterosclerosis. La información obtenida se organizó teniendo en cuenta: metabolismo de triglicéridos, metabolismo de triglicéridos en la hipercolesterolemia familiar y aterosclerosis. Dentro de las conclusiones obtenidas se encontró que los niveles elevados de triglicéridos se asocian con un alto riesgo de enfermedad cardiaca coronaria prematura en pacientes con HF.
Palabras clave:
Citas
Goldstein JL, Hobbs HH, Brown MS. Familial hypercholesterolemia. En: Scriver CR, Sly WS, Valle D, editores. The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited disease. Nueva York: McGraw-Hill; 2001. p. 2863-913.
Millán J, Alegría E, Álvarez L. Abordaje de la dislipidemia. Sociedad Española de arteriosclerosis. Clínica e investigación en arteriosclerosis. 2011; 23(6):278-288.
Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis. Las enfermedades cardiovasculares y sus factores de riesgo en España: hechos y cifras. Informe SEA 2007. Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis; 2007.
Björn L, Leren TP, Ose L, Hamsten A. A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP -493G/T) influences lipoprotein phenotype in familial hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000; 20:1784-8.
Kolovou G, Daskalova D, Mastorakou I. Regression of Achilles tendon xanthomas evaluated by CT scan after hypolipidemic treatment with simvastatin. Angiology. 2004; 55:335-9.
Hopkins PN. Familial hypercholesterolemia—improving treatment and meeting guidelines. Int J Cardiol. 2003; 89:13-23.
Bansal S, Buring JE, Rifai N, Mora S, Sacks FM, Ridker PM. Fasting compared with non-fasting triglycerides and risk of cardiovascular events in women. JAMA. 2007; 298:309-6.
Sarwar N, Danesh J, Eiriksdottir G, Sigurdsson G, Wareham N, Bingham S. Triglycerides and the risk of coronary heart disease: 10,158 incident cases among 262,525 participants in 29 Western prospective studies. Circulation. 2007; 115:450-8.
Real JT, Martínez-Hervas S, Tormos MC, Domenech E, Pallardo FV, Saez-Tormo Gl. Increased oxidative stress levels and normal antioxidante enzyme activity in circulating mononuclear cells from patinets of familial hypercho-lesterolemia. Metabolism. 2010; 59:293-8.
Jansen AC, van Wissen S, Defesche JC. Phenotypic variability in familial hypercholesterolemia: an update. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2002; 13:165-71.
Aalst-Cohen ES, Jansen AC, de Jongh S. Clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of familial hypercholesterolemia. Semin Vasc Med. 2004; 4:31-41.
Kolovou G, Daskalova D, Anagnostopoulou K. Postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia in patients with Tangier disease. J Clin Pathol. 2003; 56:937-941.
Graham I, Atar D, Borch-Johnsen K, Boysen G, Burell G, Cifkova R. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary. Eur Heart J. 2007; 28:2375-414.
García-García AB, Real JT, Puig O, Cebolla E, Marín-García P, Martínez Ferrandis J. Molecular genetics of familial hypercholesterolemia in Spain: Ten novel LDLR mutations and population analysis. Hum Mutat. 2001; 18:458-9.
Chapman JM, Guerin M, Bruckert E. Role of anomalies of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in atherogenicity. Bull Acad Natl Med. 2001; 185:35-9.
Tan KC, Cooper MB, Ling KL. Fasting and postprandial determinants for the occurrence of small dense LDL species in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with and without hypertriglyceridaemia: the involvement of insulin, insulin precursor species and insulin resistance. Atherosclerosis. 2005; 113:273-87.
Leigh SEA, Foster AH, Whittall RA, Hubbart CS, Humprhies SE. Update and Analysis of the University College London Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Familial Hypercholesterolemia Database. Ann Hum Genet. 2008; 72:485-98.
Morrison A, Hokanson J. The independent relation ship between triglycerides and coronary heart disease. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009; 5:89-95.
Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, Brewer Jr HB. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guide lines. Circulation. 2004; 110:227-39.
Chan DC, Watts GF, Barrett PH, O’Neill FH, Redgrave TG, Thompson GR. Relationships between cholesterol homoeostasis and triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein remnant metabolism in the metabolic syndrome. Clin Sci. 2003; 104:383-8.
Ayyobi AF, Brunzell JD. Lipoprotein distribution in the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and familial combined hyperlipidemia. Am J Cardiol. 2003; 92:J27-33.
McTaggart F, Jones P. Effects of statins on high - density lipoprotein: a potential contribution to cardiovascular benefit. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2008; 22:321-38.
Rodríguez-Mañas L, El-Assar M, Vallejo S, López-Dóriga P, Solís J, Petidier R. Endothelial dysfunction in aged humans is related with oxidative stress and vascular inflammation. Aging Cell. 2009; 8:226-38.
Schiffrin EL. Oxidative stress, nitric oxide synthase, and superoxide dismutase: a matter of imbalance underlies endothelial dysfunction in the human coronary circulation. Hypertension. 2008; 51:31-2.
Sharrett AR, Heiss G, Chambless LEl. Metabolic and lifestyle determinants of postprandial lipemia differ from those of fasting triglycerides: the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001; 21:275-81.
Herd SL, Kiens B, Boobis LH. Moderate exercise, postprandial lipemia, and skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase activity. Metabolism. 2001; 50:756-62.
Gandotra P, Miller M. The role of triglycerides in cardiovascular risk. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2008; 10:505-11.
Gaddi A, Cicero AF, Odoo FO, Poli AA, Paoletti R. Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Diseases Study Group. Practical guidelines for familial combined hyperlipidemia diagnosis: an up-date. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2007; 3:877-86.
Turley SD. Cholesterol metabolism and therapeutic targets: rationale for targeting multiple metabolic pathways. Clin Cardiol. 2004; 27(Suppl 3):III16-21.
Nasiff-Hadad A, Jiménez-Acosta SM. Modification of a National Diet and Lifestyle Toward Wild-Type Foods. The Cuban Experience in Promoting Health. In: Watson RR and DeMeester F. Wild-Type Food in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press Inc.; 2008. p. 545-54.
Junyent M, Gilabert R, Zambón D, Pocoví M, Mallén M, Cofán M. Femoral atherosclerosis in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: influence of the genetic defect. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008; 28:580-6.
Young SG, Davies BS, Voss CV, Gin P, Weinstein MM, Tontonoz P. GPIHBP1, an endothelial cell transporter for lipoprotein lipase. J Lipid Res. 2011; 52:1869-84.
Gin P, Beigneux AP, Davies B, Young MF, Ryan RO, Bensadoun A. Normal binding of lipoprotein lipase, chylomicrons, and apo-AV to GPIHBP1 containing a G56R amino acid substitution. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007; 1771:1464-8.
López-Ruiz A, Jarabo MM, Martínez-Triguero ML, Morales-Suárez-Varela M, Solá E, Bañuls C, et al. Small and dense LDL in familial combined hyperlipidemia and N291S polymorphism of the lipoprotein lipase gene. Lipids Health Dis. 2009; 8:12.
Barter J, Brewer Jr HB, Chapman MJ. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein: a novel target for raising HDL and inhibiting atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003; 23:160-7.
Abifadel M, Rabès JP, Devillers M, Munnich A, Erlich D, Junien C, et al. Mutations and polymorphism in the PCSK9 gene in cholesterol metabolism and disease. Hum Mutat. 2009; 30:520-9.
Guerin M, LeGoff W, Lassel TS. Atherogenic role of elevated CE transfer from HDL to VLDL(1) and dense LDL in type 2 diabetes: impact of the degree of triglyceridemiα. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001; 21:282-8.
Bennet AM, Di Angelantonio E, Ye Z, Wensley F, Dahlin A, Ahlbom A, et al. Association of apolipoprotein E genotypes with lipid levels and coronary risk. JAMA. 2007; 298:1300-11.
El-Gendi SS, Bakeet MY, El-Hamed EA, Ibrahim FK, Ahmed R. The value of lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, and Doppler of carotid and femoral arteries in assessment of atherosclerosis in asymptomatic cardiovascular risk patients. J Cardiol. 2008; 52:202-11.
Guerin M, Egger P, Soudant C. Cholesteryl ester flux from HDL to VLDL-1 is preferentially enhanced in type IIB hyperlipidemia in the postprandial state. J Lipid Res. 2002; 43:1652-60.
Medrano MJ, Boix R, Cerrato E, Ramírez M. Incidencia y prevalencia de cardiopatía isquémica y enfermedad cerebrovascular en España: revisión sistemática de la literatura. Rev Esp Salud Pública. 2006; 80:5-15.
Mills EJ, Rachlis B, Wu P, Devereaux PJ, Arora P, Perri D. Primary prevention of cardiovascular mortality and events with statin treatments: a network meta-analysis involving more than 65,000 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008; 52:1769-81.
Ascaso JF, Fernández-Cruz A, González Santos P, Hernández Mijares A, Mangas Rojas A, Millán J, et al. Significance of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in cardiovascular risk prevention: recommendations of the HDL forum. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2004; 4:299-314.
Brunzell MD. Hypertrigyceridemia. N Engl J Med. 2007; 357:1009-17.
Ferns G, Keti V, Griffin B. Investigation and management of hypertriglyceridaemia. Clin Pathol. 2008; 61(11):1174-83.
Degrace P, Moindrot B, Mohamed I. Upregulation of liver VLDL receptor and FAT/CD36 expression in LDLR-/ - apoB100/100 mice fed trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid. J Lipid Res. 2006; 47:2647-55.
Tremblay AJ, Lamarche B, Ruel IL. Increased production of VLDL apoB-100 in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia carrying the same null LDL receptor gene mutation. J Lipid Res. 2004; 45:866-72.
Kolovou GD, Anagnostopoulu KK, Kostakou PM, Bilianou H, Mikhailidis DP. Primary and secondary hypertriglyceridaemia. Curr Drug Targets. 2009; 10:336-43.
Jones C, Garuti R, Michaely P. Disruption of LDL but not VLDL clearance in autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia. J Clin Invest. 2007; 117:165-74.
De Graaf JVG, Stalenhoef AF. Diagnostic criteria in relation to the pathogenesis of familial combined hiperlipidemias. Semin Vasc Med. 2004; 4:229-40.
Liao WT, Hui Y, Young SG. Blocking microsomal triglyceride transfer protein interferes with apoB secretion without causing retention or stress in the ER. J Lipid Res. 2003; 44:978-85.
Guía de la ESC/EAS sobre el manejo de las dislipemias. Grupo de Trabajo de la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología (ESC) y de la Sociedad Europea de Aterosclerosis (EAS). Rev Esp Cardiol. 2011; 64:1168.e1-e60.
Martin SS, Metkus TS, Horne A, Blaha MJ, Hasan R, Campbell CY, et al. Waiting for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel IV Guidelines, and in the meantime, some challenges and recommendations. Am J Cardiol. 2012; 110(2):307-13.
Anagnostopoulou KK, Kolovou GD, Kostakou PM. Sex-associated effect of CETP and LPL polymorphisms on postprandial lipids in familial hypercholesterolaemia. Lipids Health Dis. 2009; 8:24.
Gaddi A, Cicero AF, Odoo FO, Poli AA, Paoletti R. Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Diseases Study Group. Practical guidelines for familial combined hyperlipidemia diagnosis: an up-date. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2007; 3:877-86.
Carneiro MM, Miname MH, Gagliardi ACl. The removal from plasma of chylomicrons and remnants is reduced in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia subjects with identified LDL receptor mutations: study with artificial emulsions. Atherosclerosis. 2012; 221(1):268-74.
Smelt AH, de Beer F. Apolipoprotein E and familial dysbetalipoproteinemia: clinical, biochemical, and genetic aspects. Semin Vasc Med. 2004; 4:249-57.
Roldán C, Campo C, Segura J, Ruilope LM. Evaluación de riesgo cardiovascular y nuevos factores de riesgo de aterosclerosis. Hipertensión. 2005; 22:195-203.
Barona J, Fernandez ML. Dietary Cholesterol Affects Plasma Lipid Levels, the Intravascular Processing of Lipoproteins and Reverse Cholesterol Transport without Increasing the Risk for Heart Disease. Nutrients. 2012; 4(8):1015-25.
Eren E, Yilmaz N, Aydin O. High Density Lipoprotein and it’s Dysfunction. Open Biochem J. 2012; 6:78-93.
Soran H, Hama S, Yadav R, Durrington PN. HDL functionality. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2012; 23(4):353-66.
Mineo C, Shaul PW. Functions of scavenger receptor class B, type I in atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2012; 23(5):487-93.
Shinkai H. Cholesteryl ester transfer-protein modulator and inhibitors and their potential for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2012; 8:323-31.
Charles MA, Kane JP. New molecular insights into CETP structure and function: a review. J Lipid Res. 2012; 53(8):1451-8.
Ottestad IO, Halvorsen B, Balstad TR. Triglyceride-rich HDL3 from patients with familial hypercholesterolemia are less able to inhibit cytokine release or to promote cholesterol efflux. J Nutr. 2006; 136:877-81.
Baum SJ, Kris-Etherton PM, Willett WC, Lichtenstein AH, Rudel LL, Maki KC. Fatty acids in cardiovascular health and disease: a comprehensive update. J Clin Lipidol. 2012; 6(3):216-34.
Otocka-Kmiecik A, Mikhailidis DP, Nicholls SJ, Davidson M, Rysz J, Banach M. Dysfunctional HDL: A novel important diagnostic and therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease? Prog Lipid Res. 2012; 51(4):314-24.
Séculi E, Brugulat P, Medina A, Juncà S, Tresserras R, Salleras L. La detección de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la red reformada de atención primaria de Cataluña. Comparación entre los años 1995 y 2000. Aten Primaria. 2003; 31(3):156-62.
Ramos R, Solanas P, Cordón F, Rohlfs I, Elosua R, Sala J, et al. Comparación de la función de Framingham original y la calibrada del REGICOR en la predicción del riesgo coronario poblacional. Med Clin (Barc). 2003; 121:521-6.
Bae JH, Bassenge E, Kim KB, et al. Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia impairs endothelial function by enhanced oxidant stress. Atherosclerosis. 2001; 155:517-23.
Malloy MJ, Kane JP. A risk factor for atherosclerosis: triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Adv Intern Med. 2001; 47:111-36.
Miller M. Differentiating the effects of raising low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol versus lowering normal triglycerides: further insights from the Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial. Am J Cardiol. 2000; 86:23L-7L.
Funada J, Sekiya M, Hamada M. Postprandial elevation of remnant lipoprotein leads to endothelial dysfunction. Circ J. 2002; 66:127-32.
Wiegman A, Rodenburg J, de Jongh S. Family history and cardiovascular risk in familial hypercholesterolemia. Data in more than 1000 children. Circulation. 2003; 107:1473-8.
Puntoni M, Sbrana F, Bigazzi F, Sampietro T. Tangier disease: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2012; 12(5):303-11.
Role of ABC1 gene in cholesterol efflux and atheroprotection. The Lancet. 2012; 354:1401-1403.
Millán J, Alegría E, Álvarez L. Abordaje de la dislipidemia. Sociedad Española de arteriosclerosis. Clínica e investigación en arteriosclerosis. 2011; 23(6):278-288.
Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis. Las enfermedades cardiovasculares y sus factores de riesgo en España: hechos y cifras. Informe SEA 2007. Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis; 2007.
Björn L, Leren TP, Ose L, Hamsten A. A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP -493G/T) influences lipoprotein phenotype in familial hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000; 20:1784-8.
Kolovou G, Daskalova D, Mastorakou I. Regression of Achilles tendon xanthomas evaluated by CT scan after hypolipidemic treatment with simvastatin. Angiology. 2004; 55:335-9.
Hopkins PN. Familial hypercholesterolemia—improving treatment and meeting guidelines. Int J Cardiol. 2003; 89:13-23.
Bansal S, Buring JE, Rifai N, Mora S, Sacks FM, Ridker PM. Fasting compared with non-fasting triglycerides and risk of cardiovascular events in women. JAMA. 2007; 298:309-6.
Sarwar N, Danesh J, Eiriksdottir G, Sigurdsson G, Wareham N, Bingham S. Triglycerides and the risk of coronary heart disease: 10,158 incident cases among 262,525 participants in 29 Western prospective studies. Circulation. 2007; 115:450-8.
Real JT, Martínez-Hervas S, Tormos MC, Domenech E, Pallardo FV, Saez-Tormo Gl. Increased oxidative stress levels and normal antioxidante enzyme activity in circulating mononuclear cells from patinets of familial hypercho-lesterolemia. Metabolism. 2010; 59:293-8.
Jansen AC, van Wissen S, Defesche JC. Phenotypic variability in familial hypercholesterolemia: an update. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2002; 13:165-71.
Aalst-Cohen ES, Jansen AC, de Jongh S. Clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of familial hypercholesterolemia. Semin Vasc Med. 2004; 4:31-41.
Kolovou G, Daskalova D, Anagnostopoulou K. Postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia in patients with Tangier disease. J Clin Pathol. 2003; 56:937-941.
Graham I, Atar D, Borch-Johnsen K, Boysen G, Burell G, Cifkova R. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary. Eur Heart J. 2007; 28:2375-414.
García-García AB, Real JT, Puig O, Cebolla E, Marín-García P, Martínez Ferrandis J. Molecular genetics of familial hypercholesterolemia in Spain: Ten novel LDLR mutations and population analysis. Hum Mutat. 2001; 18:458-9.
Chapman JM, Guerin M, Bruckert E. Role of anomalies of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in atherogenicity. Bull Acad Natl Med. 2001; 185:35-9.
Tan KC, Cooper MB, Ling KL. Fasting and postprandial determinants for the occurrence of small dense LDL species in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with and without hypertriglyceridaemia: the involvement of insulin, insulin precursor species and insulin resistance. Atherosclerosis. 2005; 113:273-87.
Leigh SEA, Foster AH, Whittall RA, Hubbart CS, Humprhies SE. Update and Analysis of the University College London Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Familial Hypercholesterolemia Database. Ann Hum Genet. 2008; 72:485-98.
Morrison A, Hokanson J. The independent relation ship between triglycerides and coronary heart disease. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009; 5:89-95.
Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, Brewer Jr HB. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guide lines. Circulation. 2004; 110:227-39.
Chan DC, Watts GF, Barrett PH, O’Neill FH, Redgrave TG, Thompson GR. Relationships between cholesterol homoeostasis and triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein remnant metabolism in the metabolic syndrome. Clin Sci. 2003; 104:383-8.
Ayyobi AF, Brunzell JD. Lipoprotein distribution in the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and familial combined hyperlipidemia. Am J Cardiol. 2003; 92:J27-33.
McTaggart F, Jones P. Effects of statins on high - density lipoprotein: a potential contribution to cardiovascular benefit. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2008; 22:321-38.
Rodríguez-Mañas L, El-Assar M, Vallejo S, López-Dóriga P, Solís J, Petidier R. Endothelial dysfunction in aged humans is related with oxidative stress and vascular inflammation. Aging Cell. 2009; 8:226-38.
Schiffrin EL. Oxidative stress, nitric oxide synthase, and superoxide dismutase: a matter of imbalance underlies endothelial dysfunction in the human coronary circulation. Hypertension. 2008; 51:31-2.
Sharrett AR, Heiss G, Chambless LEl. Metabolic and lifestyle determinants of postprandial lipemia differ from those of fasting triglycerides: the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001; 21:275-81.
Herd SL, Kiens B, Boobis LH. Moderate exercise, postprandial lipemia, and skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase activity. Metabolism. 2001; 50:756-62.
Gandotra P, Miller M. The role of triglycerides in cardiovascular risk. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2008; 10:505-11.
Gaddi A, Cicero AF, Odoo FO, Poli AA, Paoletti R. Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Diseases Study Group. Practical guidelines for familial combined hyperlipidemia diagnosis: an up-date. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2007; 3:877-86.
Turley SD. Cholesterol metabolism and therapeutic targets: rationale for targeting multiple metabolic pathways. Clin Cardiol. 2004; 27(Suppl 3):III16-21.
Nasiff-Hadad A, Jiménez-Acosta SM. Modification of a National Diet and Lifestyle Toward Wild-Type Foods. The Cuban Experience in Promoting Health. In: Watson RR and DeMeester F. Wild-Type Food in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press Inc.; 2008. p. 545-54.
Junyent M, Gilabert R, Zambón D, Pocoví M, Mallén M, Cofán M. Femoral atherosclerosis in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: influence of the genetic defect. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008; 28:580-6.
Young SG, Davies BS, Voss CV, Gin P, Weinstein MM, Tontonoz P. GPIHBP1, an endothelial cell transporter for lipoprotein lipase. J Lipid Res. 2011; 52:1869-84.
Gin P, Beigneux AP, Davies B, Young MF, Ryan RO, Bensadoun A. Normal binding of lipoprotein lipase, chylomicrons, and apo-AV to GPIHBP1 containing a G56R amino acid substitution. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007; 1771:1464-8.
López-Ruiz A, Jarabo MM, Martínez-Triguero ML, Morales-Suárez-Varela M, Solá E, Bañuls C, et al. Small and dense LDL in familial combined hyperlipidemia and N291S polymorphism of the lipoprotein lipase gene. Lipids Health Dis. 2009; 8:12.
Barter J, Brewer Jr HB, Chapman MJ. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein: a novel target for raising HDL and inhibiting atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003; 23:160-7.
Abifadel M, Rabès JP, Devillers M, Munnich A, Erlich D, Junien C, et al. Mutations and polymorphism in the PCSK9 gene in cholesterol metabolism and disease. Hum Mutat. 2009; 30:520-9.
Guerin M, LeGoff W, Lassel TS. Atherogenic role of elevated CE transfer from HDL to VLDL(1) and dense LDL in type 2 diabetes: impact of the degree of triglyceridemiα. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001; 21:282-8.
Bennet AM, Di Angelantonio E, Ye Z, Wensley F, Dahlin A, Ahlbom A, et al. Association of apolipoprotein E genotypes with lipid levels and coronary risk. JAMA. 2007; 298:1300-11.
El-Gendi SS, Bakeet MY, El-Hamed EA, Ibrahim FK, Ahmed R. The value of lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, and Doppler of carotid and femoral arteries in assessment of atherosclerosis in asymptomatic cardiovascular risk patients. J Cardiol. 2008; 52:202-11.
Guerin M, Egger P, Soudant C. Cholesteryl ester flux from HDL to VLDL-1 is preferentially enhanced in type IIB hyperlipidemia in the postprandial state. J Lipid Res. 2002; 43:1652-60.
Medrano MJ, Boix R, Cerrato E, Ramírez M. Incidencia y prevalencia de cardiopatía isquémica y enfermedad cerebrovascular en España: revisión sistemática de la literatura. Rev Esp Salud Pública. 2006; 80:5-15.
Mills EJ, Rachlis B, Wu P, Devereaux PJ, Arora P, Perri D. Primary prevention of cardiovascular mortality and events with statin treatments: a network meta-analysis involving more than 65,000 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008; 52:1769-81.
Ascaso JF, Fernández-Cruz A, González Santos P, Hernández Mijares A, Mangas Rojas A, Millán J, et al. Significance of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in cardiovascular risk prevention: recommendations of the HDL forum. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2004; 4:299-314.
Brunzell MD. Hypertrigyceridemia. N Engl J Med. 2007; 357:1009-17.
Ferns G, Keti V, Griffin B. Investigation and management of hypertriglyceridaemia. Clin Pathol. 2008; 61(11):1174-83.
Degrace P, Moindrot B, Mohamed I. Upregulation of liver VLDL receptor and FAT/CD36 expression in LDLR-/ - apoB100/100 mice fed trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid. J Lipid Res. 2006; 47:2647-55.
Tremblay AJ, Lamarche B, Ruel IL. Increased production of VLDL apoB-100 in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia carrying the same null LDL receptor gene mutation. J Lipid Res. 2004; 45:866-72.
Kolovou GD, Anagnostopoulu KK, Kostakou PM, Bilianou H, Mikhailidis DP. Primary and secondary hypertriglyceridaemia. Curr Drug Targets. 2009; 10:336-43.
Jones C, Garuti R, Michaely P. Disruption of LDL but not VLDL clearance in autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia. J Clin Invest. 2007; 117:165-74.
De Graaf JVG, Stalenhoef AF. Diagnostic criteria in relation to the pathogenesis of familial combined hiperlipidemias. Semin Vasc Med. 2004; 4:229-40.
Liao WT, Hui Y, Young SG. Blocking microsomal triglyceride transfer protein interferes with apoB secretion without causing retention or stress in the ER. J Lipid Res. 2003; 44:978-85.
Guía de la ESC/EAS sobre el manejo de las dislipemias. Grupo de Trabajo de la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología (ESC) y de la Sociedad Europea de Aterosclerosis (EAS). Rev Esp Cardiol. 2011; 64:1168.e1-e60.
Martin SS, Metkus TS, Horne A, Blaha MJ, Hasan R, Campbell CY, et al. Waiting for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel IV Guidelines, and in the meantime, some challenges and recommendations. Am J Cardiol. 2012; 110(2):307-13.
Anagnostopoulou KK, Kolovou GD, Kostakou PM. Sex-associated effect of CETP and LPL polymorphisms on postprandial lipids in familial hypercholesterolaemia. Lipids Health Dis. 2009; 8:24.
Gaddi A, Cicero AF, Odoo FO, Poli AA, Paoletti R. Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Diseases Study Group. Practical guidelines for familial combined hyperlipidemia diagnosis: an up-date. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2007; 3:877-86.
Carneiro MM, Miname MH, Gagliardi ACl. The removal from plasma of chylomicrons and remnants is reduced in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia subjects with identified LDL receptor mutations: study with artificial emulsions. Atherosclerosis. 2012; 221(1):268-74.
Smelt AH, de Beer F. Apolipoprotein E and familial dysbetalipoproteinemia: clinical, biochemical, and genetic aspects. Semin Vasc Med. 2004; 4:249-57.
Roldán C, Campo C, Segura J, Ruilope LM. Evaluación de riesgo cardiovascular y nuevos factores de riesgo de aterosclerosis. Hipertensión. 2005; 22:195-203.
Barona J, Fernandez ML. Dietary Cholesterol Affects Plasma Lipid Levels, the Intravascular Processing of Lipoproteins and Reverse Cholesterol Transport without Increasing the Risk for Heart Disease. Nutrients. 2012; 4(8):1015-25.
Eren E, Yilmaz N, Aydin O. High Density Lipoprotein and it’s Dysfunction. Open Biochem J. 2012; 6:78-93.
Soran H, Hama S, Yadav R, Durrington PN. HDL functionality. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2012; 23(4):353-66.
Mineo C, Shaul PW. Functions of scavenger receptor class B, type I in atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2012; 23(5):487-93.
Shinkai H. Cholesteryl ester transfer-protein modulator and inhibitors and their potential for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2012; 8:323-31.
Charles MA, Kane JP. New molecular insights into CETP structure and function: a review. J Lipid Res. 2012; 53(8):1451-8.
Ottestad IO, Halvorsen B, Balstad TR. Triglyceride-rich HDL3 from patients with familial hypercholesterolemia are less able to inhibit cytokine release or to promote cholesterol efflux. J Nutr. 2006; 136:877-81.
Baum SJ, Kris-Etherton PM, Willett WC, Lichtenstein AH, Rudel LL, Maki KC. Fatty acids in cardiovascular health and disease: a comprehensive update. J Clin Lipidol. 2012; 6(3):216-34.
Otocka-Kmiecik A, Mikhailidis DP, Nicholls SJ, Davidson M, Rysz J, Banach M. Dysfunctional HDL: A novel important diagnostic and therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease? Prog Lipid Res. 2012; 51(4):314-24.
Séculi E, Brugulat P, Medina A, Juncà S, Tresserras R, Salleras L. La detección de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la red reformada de atención primaria de Cataluña. Comparación entre los años 1995 y 2000. Aten Primaria. 2003; 31(3):156-62.
Ramos R, Solanas P, Cordón F, Rohlfs I, Elosua R, Sala J, et al. Comparación de la función de Framingham original y la calibrada del REGICOR en la predicción del riesgo coronario poblacional. Med Clin (Barc). 2003; 121:521-6.
Bae JH, Bassenge E, Kim KB, et al. Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia impairs endothelial function by enhanced oxidant stress. Atherosclerosis. 2001; 155:517-23.
Malloy MJ, Kane JP. A risk factor for atherosclerosis: triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Adv Intern Med. 2001; 47:111-36.
Miller M. Differentiating the effects of raising low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol versus lowering normal triglycerides: further insights from the Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial. Am J Cardiol. 2000; 86:23L-7L.
Funada J, Sekiya M, Hamada M. Postprandial elevation of remnant lipoprotein leads to endothelial dysfunction. Circ J. 2002; 66:127-32.
Wiegman A, Rodenburg J, de Jongh S. Family history and cardiovascular risk in familial hypercholesterolemia. Data in more than 1000 children. Circulation. 2003; 107:1473-8.
Puntoni M, Sbrana F, Bigazzi F, Sampietro T. Tangier disease: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2012; 12(5):303-11.
Role of ABC1 gene in cholesterol efflux and atheroprotection. The Lancet. 2012; 354:1401-1403.
Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
