Resumen
Introducción: El Smallanthus sonchifolius es un cultivo andino con importantes propiedades medicinales y nutricionales, usado principalmente como hipoglucemiante. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la actividad captadora de radicales libres del aceite esencial y fracciones fenólicas de un extracto etanólico de hojas de yacón, cultivado en Colombia. Materiales y Métodos: El aceite esencial de las hojas se extrajo mediante hidrodestilación asistida por radiación de microondas y se analizó usando cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG-EM). También se separaron fracciones fenólicas de diferente polaridad desde un extracto etanólico de las hojas usando la resina Amberlita XAD-2. Los compuestos fenólicos totales se determinaron con el reactivo de Folin-Ciocalteu y analizados mediante cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectrometría de masas (HPLC-EM). La actividad antioxidante se evaluó usando los radicales DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidracilo) y ABTS [2,2-azino-bis (3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-sulfonato]. Resultados y Discusión: El aceite esencial mostró actividad captadora del radical ABTS (CE50 = 2,11 mg/ml). Los compuestos mayoritarios identificados en el aceite esencial fueron: Sabineno (40,75%), D-Germacreno (15,36%), Cariofileno (9,93%) y 1-Terpinen-4-ol (5,51%). El contenido de fenoles totales en las fracciones separadas con Amberlita XAD-2 fue: F1 (H2O) > F2 (H2O/MeOH, 1:1 v/v) > F3 (MeOH). Todas las fracciones presentaron actividad captadora del DPPH• y ABTS•+. Los ácidos fenólicos identificados por HPLC-EM fueron derivados de los ácidos quínico, cafeoilquínico, dicafeoilquínico, dicafeoilglucárico, cafeoiltartárico e hidroxiferúlico. En conclusión, las hojas de yacón cultivado en Duitama (Boyacá) contienen metabolitos secundarios capaces de proteger a las células frente al estrés oxidativo inducido por radicales libres.
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