Antropologia física na primeira metade do século xx e a proposta tipológica de Earnest A. Hooton.

Abstract

Despite being considered one of the founders of physical anthropology, Earnest A. Hooton is a poorly referenced figure in the South American context. His contributions to bioarcheology and the study of the biological variability of populations have not been exempt of criticism. Considered by some to be a clear representative of racism and eugenics, and by others as an academic and mentor who trained a whole generation of physical anthropologists, he made important contributions to anthropology in the interwar period. Therefore, it is interesting to discuss the profile of this scientist in the context of his time. The purpose of this article is to review Earnest A. Hooton’s methodological proposal for the analysis and classification of human groups as part of the scientific debates that took place in physical anthropology in the late 19th and the early 20th centuries and which attempted, without much success, to overcome the interest in the typological classification of human groups that dominated in previous decades and that had an influence in South America during the first half of the 20th century, especially since somatological studies were being carried out that sought to explain the great biological and cultural diversity.

Keywords

racism

eugenics

physical anthropology

human biological variability

somatology

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