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Salazar Ceballos, A., Freyle, N., Tamara, G., & Álvarez Miño, L. (2016). Perception of risk to climate change as a threat to human health, Taganga, Santa Marta, 2014. Luna Azul, (43), 102–127. https://doi.org/10.17151/luaz.2016.43.6
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Abstract
The World Health Organization considers climate change or global warming a problem of public health. Thus it is necessary to know the perception of risk to climate change in different communities to generate actions for adaptation and mitigation to climate change; but that perception of risk may vary in different populations. The objective of this study was to observe the risk perception on climate change as a threat to human health in the town of Taganga, Santa Marta, 2014. In methods, it was surveyed 484 people in Taganga, through a cluster sampling. It was applied the validated instrument, internationally and nationally, through Cronbach's alpha and Kuder-Richardson formula 20. Spearman's correlation was applied. In results, statistically significant correlation was observed between political action on climate change and risk perception index; and also between the index will to act and indices of risk perception, knowledge about the health effects due to climate change and political action on climate change. This study concludes that was observed an association between the index of willingness to act and risk perception, knowledge about the health effects of climate change and political action on climate change; also an association between political action on climate change and risk perception.
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References
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Akil, L.; Ahmad, H.A. y Reddy, R.S. (2014). Effects of climate change on Salmonella infections. Foodborne Pathog Dis, 11(12), 974-80. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1802.
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Álvarez-Miño, L.; Cantillo, K.; Rico, K. y Salazar-Ceballos, A. (2013). Acceso y calidad del agua para el consumo humano en Santa Marta como indicador de inequidad en salud. Rev. Univ. Salud, 15(2), 113-122.
Bostrom, A.; O'Connor, R.E.; Bohm, G.; Hanss, D.; Bodi, O.; Ekstrom, F. et al. (2012). Causal thinking and support for climate change policies: International survey findings. Glob Environ Change, 22, 210-222.
Calderón, A.; Harris, J. y Kirsch, P. (2015). Health interventions used by mayor resource companies operating in Colombia. Resources Policy. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2015.02.003
Caminade, C.; Kovats, S.; Rocklov, J.; Tompkins, A.M.; Morse, A.P.; Colón-González, F.J. et al. (2014). Impact of climate change on global malaria distribution. PNAS, 111(9), 3286-3291.
DeBono, R.; Vincenti, K. y Calleja, N. (2010). Risk communication: climate change as a human-health threat, a survey of public perceptions in Malta. Eur J Public Health, 22(1), 1-7.
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Descloux, E.; Mangeas, M.; Eugéne, C.; Lengaigne, M.; Leroy, A.; Tehei, T. et al. (2012). Climate-based models for understanding and forecasting dengue epidemics. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 6(2), 1470-1473.
Díaz-Cordero, G. (2012). El cambio climático. Cienc Soc, 37(2), 227-240.
Echeverri, J.A. (2010). Percepciones y efectos de cambio climático en grupos indígenas de la amazonía colombiana. Folia Amazónica, 19(1), 85-93.
El-Fadel, M.; Gahnimeh, S.; Maroun, R. y Alameddine, I. (2012). Climate change and temperature rise: Implications on food- and water-borne diseases. Sci Total Environ, 437, 15-21.
Franchini, M. y Mannuccio, P. (2015). Impact on human health of climate changes. Eur J Intern Med, 26, 1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2014.12.008.
García, M., Piñeros, A.; Bernal, F. y Ardila, E. (2012). Variabilidad climática, cambio climático y el recurso hídrico en Colombia. Revista de Ingeniería, 36, 60-64.
Guerrero, R.; Flórez, J. y García, L. (2014). Estado y prospectiva de las posibilidades de mitigación de impacto del cambio climático en la región Costa Atlántica. Papel Político, 19(1), 121-146.
Haines, A.; Kovats, R.S.; Campbell-Lendrumb, D. y Corvalan, C. (2006). Climate change and human health: Impacts, vulnerability and public health. Public Health, 120, 585-6.
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Johansson, M.A.; Cummings, D.A.T. y Glass, G.E. (2009). Multiyear Climate Variability and Dengue-El Niño Southern Oscillation, Weather, and Dengue Incidence in Puerto Rico, México, and Thailand: A Longitudinal Data Analysis. PLoS Med, 6(11), e1000168.
Lama, J.; Seas, C.; León-Barúa, R.; Gotuzzo, E. y Sack, R. (2004). Environmental temperature, cholera, and acute diarrhoea in adults in Lima, Peru. J Health Popul Nutr, 22(4), 399-403.
Leiserowitz, A. (2006). Climate change risk perception and policy preferences: the role of affect, imagery, and values. Climate Change, 77, 45-2.
Leiserowitz, A.; Maibach, E.; Roser-Renouf, C.; Feinberg, G. y Howe, P. (2014). Climate change in the American mind: Americans' global warming beliefs and attitudes in April, 2014. Yale University and George Mason University. New Haven, CT: Yale Project on Climate Change Communication.
Niles, M.; Lubell, M. y Haden, V. (2013). Perceptions and responses to climate policy risks among California farmers. Global Environmental Change, 23, 1752-1760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.08.005.
Olivero-Verbel, J. (2011). Colombia: Environmental Health Issues. En Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, from Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, 740-754, Elsevier.
Olmos-Martínez, E.; González-Ávila, M. y Contreras-Loera, M. (2013). Percepción de la población frente al cambio climático en áreas naturales protegidas de Baja California Sur, México. Polis, Revista Latinoamericana, 12(35), 459-481.
Oloukoi, G.; Bob, U. y Jaggernath, J. (2014). Perception and trends of associated health risks with seasonal climate variation in Oke-Ogun region, Nigeria. Health Place, 25, 47-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.09.009.
Olson, S.; Gangnon, R.; Elguero, E.; Durieux, L.; Guégan, J.F.; Foley, J. y Patz, J. (2009). Links between climate, malaria, and wetland in the Amazon Basin. EID, 15(4), 659-662.
Oviedo, H.C. y Campo-Arias, A. (2005). Aproximación al uso del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, 34(4), 572-580.
Pabón, J. (2012). Cambio climático en Colombia: tendencias en la segunda mitad del siglo XX y escenarios posibles para el siglo XXI. Rev Acad Colomb Cienc, 36(139), 261-278.
Pinilla-Herrera, M.C.; Rueda, A.; Pinzón, C. y Sánchez, J. (2012). Percepciones sobre los fenómenos de variabilidad climática y cambio climático entre campesinos del centro de Santander, Colombia. Ambiente y Desarrollo, 16(31), 25-37.
Posada, C. (2007). La adaptación al cambio climático en Colombia. Revista de Ingeniería, 26, 74-80.
Rawlins, S.C.; Chen, A.; Rawlins, J.M.; Chadee, D.D. y Legall, G. (2007). Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Study of the Issues of Climate Change/Variability Impacts and Public Health in Trinidad and Tobago, and St Kitts and Nevis. West Indian Med J, 56(2), 115-1.
Rohani, P. (2009). The link dengue incidence and El Niño Southern Oscillation. PLoS Med, 6(11), e1000185.
Salazar-Ceballos, A. y Álvarez-Miño, L. (2014). Asociación entre factores climatológicos y tasa de incidencia del dengue en Santa Marta, Colombia, 2007-2013. Revista Ciencias Biomédicas, 5(1), 41-47.
Salazar-Ceballos, A.; Álvarez-Miño, L.; Muñoz-Sánchez, E.P.; Carreño-Orozco, J.D. y Rodríguez-Choles, B.H. (2014). Percepción del riesgo al cambio climático y sus efectos sobre la salud y enfermedades infecciosas en estudiantes universitarios, Santa Marta, Colombia, 2011. Rev Cuid, 5(1), 613-22.
Semenza, J.C.; Hall, D.E.; Wilson, D.J.; Bontempo, B.D.; Sailor, D.J. y George, L.A. (2008). Public perception of climate change. Voluntary mitigation and barriers to behavior change. Am J Prev Med, 35(5), 479-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.020.
Taylor, A.; Dessai, S. y Bruine de Bruin, W. (2014). Public perception of climate risk and adaptation in the UK: A review of the literature. Climate Risk Management, 4-5, 1-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2014.09.001
Vallejo, J. (2011). A Regional Strategy for Water Resource Management in the Caribbean Region of Colombia. Tropical Resources Bulletin, 30, 28-35.
World Health Organization. (2002). World health report. Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Recuperado de http://www.who.int/whr/2002/en/
World Health Organization. (2003). Methods of assessing human health vulnerability and public health adaptation to climate change. Health and global environmental change. Series No. 1. Lead authors: Kovats, S.; Ebi, K. y Menne, B. Denmark. Recuperado de http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/107538.
World Health Organization. (2009). Protecting health from climate change: connecting science, policy and people. Denmark. Recuperado de http://www.who.int/globalchange/publications/reports/9789241598880/en/.
Akerlof, K.; DeBono, R.; Berry, P.; Leiserowitz, A.; Roser-Renouf, C.; Clarke, K.L. et al. (2010). Public Perceptions of Climate Change as a Human Health Risk: Surveys of the United States, Canada and Malta. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 7(6), 2559-606.
Akil, L.; Ahmad, H.A. y Reddy, R.S. (2014). Effects of climate change on Salmonella infections. Foodborne Pathog Dis, 11(12), 974-80. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1802.
Álvarez-Cáceres, R. (2007). Estadística aplicada a las ciencias de la salud. España: Ediciones Díaz de Santos.
Álvarez-Miño, L.; Cantillo, K.; Rico, K. y Salazar-Ceballos, A. (2013). Acceso y calidad del agua para el consumo humano en Santa Marta como indicador de inequidad en salud. Rev. Univ. Salud, 15(2), 113-122.
Bostrom, A.; O'Connor, R.E.; Bohm, G.; Hanss, D.; Bodi, O.; Ekstrom, F. et al. (2012). Causal thinking and support for climate change policies: International survey findings. Glob Environ Change, 22, 210-222.
Calderón, A.; Harris, J. y Kirsch, P. (2015). Health interventions used by mayor resource companies operating in Colombia. Resources Policy. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2015.02.003
Caminade, C.; Kovats, S.; Rocklov, J.; Tompkins, A.M.; Morse, A.P.; Colón-González, F.J. et al. (2014). Impact of climate change on global malaria distribution. PNAS, 111(9), 3286-3291.
DeBono, R.; Vincenti, K. y Calleja, N. (2010). Risk communication: climate change as a human-health threat, a survey of public perceptions in Malta. Eur J Public Health, 22(1), 1-7.
Del Siegle. (2013). Reliability Calculator 2. School of Education. University of Connecticut. (Creado 09.24.2002 - Editado 17/10/2013). Recuperado de http://www.gifted.uconn.edu/siegle/research/instrument%20reliability%20and20validity/reliability.htm.
De la Mata, D. y Valencia-Amaya, M. (2014). The Health Impacts of Severe Climate Shocks in Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank. Working paper series No. idb-wp-498. Recuperado de http://publications.iadb.org/bitstream/handle/ 11319/6570/The%20Health%20Impacts%20of%20Severe%20Climate%20Shocks%20in%20Colombia.pdf;jsessionid=90EF7BFD0D1569AE6FE1C2F44052B7A6?sequence=1.
Descloux, E.; Mangeas, M.; Eugéne, C.; Lengaigne, M.; Leroy, A.; Tehei, T. et al. (2012). Climate-based models for understanding and forecasting dengue epidemics. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 6(2), 1470-1473.
Díaz-Cordero, G. (2012). El cambio climático. Cienc Soc, 37(2), 227-240.
Echeverri, J.A. (2010). Percepciones y efectos de cambio climático en grupos indígenas de la amazonía colombiana. Folia Amazónica, 19(1), 85-93.
El-Fadel, M.; Gahnimeh, S.; Maroun, R. y Alameddine, I. (2012). Climate change and temperature rise: Implications on food- and water-borne diseases. Sci Total Environ, 437, 15-21.
Franchini, M. y Mannuccio, P. (2015). Impact on human health of climate changes. Eur J Intern Med, 26, 1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2014.12.008.
García, M., Piñeros, A.; Bernal, F. y Ardila, E. (2012). Variabilidad climática, cambio climático y el recurso hídrico en Colombia. Revista de Ingeniería, 36, 60-64.
Guerrero, R.; Flórez, J. y García, L. (2014). Estado y prospectiva de las posibilidades de mitigación de impacto del cambio climático en la región Costa Atlántica. Papel Político, 19(1), 121-146.
Haines, A.; Kovats, R.S.; Campbell-Lendrumb, D. y Corvalan, C. (2006). Climate change and human health: Impacts, vulnerability and public health. Public Health, 120, 585-6.
Hales, S.; De Wet, N.; Maindonald, J. y Woodward, A. (2002). Potential effect of population and climate changes on global distribution of dengue fever: an empirical model. Lancet, 360(9336), 830-834.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2007). Climate Change 2007: Working Group I: The Physical Science Basis. 9.7 Combining evidence of anthropogenic climate change. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Solomon, S.; Qin, D.; Manning, M.; Chen, Z.; Marquis, M.; Averyt, K.B.; Tignor, M. y Miller, H.L. (Eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Recuperado de http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch9s9-7.html.
Johansson, M.A.; Cummings, D.A.T. y Glass, G.E. (2009). Multiyear Climate Variability and Dengue-El Niño Southern Oscillation, Weather, and Dengue Incidence in Puerto Rico, México, and Thailand: A Longitudinal Data Analysis. PLoS Med, 6(11), e1000168.
Lama, J.; Seas, C.; León-Barúa, R.; Gotuzzo, E. y Sack, R. (2004). Environmental temperature, cholera, and acute diarrhoea in adults in Lima, Peru. J Health Popul Nutr, 22(4), 399-403.
Leiserowitz, A. (2006). Climate change risk perception and policy preferences: the role of affect, imagery, and values. Climate Change, 77, 45-2.
Leiserowitz, A.; Maibach, E.; Roser-Renouf, C.; Feinberg, G. y Howe, P. (2014). Climate change in the American mind: Americans' global warming beliefs and attitudes in April, 2014. Yale University and George Mason University. New Haven, CT: Yale Project on Climate Change Communication.
Niles, M.; Lubell, M. y Haden, V. (2013). Perceptions and responses to climate policy risks among California farmers. Global Environmental Change, 23, 1752-1760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.08.005.
Olivero-Verbel, J. (2011). Colombia: Environmental Health Issues. En Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, from Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, 740-754, Elsevier.
Olmos-Martínez, E.; González-Ávila, M. y Contreras-Loera, M. (2013). Percepción de la población frente al cambio climático en áreas naturales protegidas de Baja California Sur, México. Polis, Revista Latinoamericana, 12(35), 459-481.
Oloukoi, G.; Bob, U. y Jaggernath, J. (2014). Perception and trends of associated health risks with seasonal climate variation in Oke-Ogun region, Nigeria. Health Place, 25, 47-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.09.009.
Olson, S.; Gangnon, R.; Elguero, E.; Durieux, L.; Guégan, J.F.; Foley, J. y Patz, J. (2009). Links between climate, malaria, and wetland in the Amazon Basin. EID, 15(4), 659-662.
Oviedo, H.C. y Campo-Arias, A. (2005). Aproximación al uso del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, 34(4), 572-580.
Pabón, J. (2012). Cambio climático en Colombia: tendencias en la segunda mitad del siglo XX y escenarios posibles para el siglo XXI. Rev Acad Colomb Cienc, 36(139), 261-278.
Pinilla-Herrera, M.C.; Rueda, A.; Pinzón, C. y Sánchez, J. (2012). Percepciones sobre los fenómenos de variabilidad climática y cambio climático entre campesinos del centro de Santander, Colombia. Ambiente y Desarrollo, 16(31), 25-37.
Posada, C. (2007). La adaptación al cambio climático en Colombia. Revista de Ingeniería, 26, 74-80.
Rawlins, S.C.; Chen, A.; Rawlins, J.M.; Chadee, D.D. y Legall, G. (2007). Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Study of the Issues of Climate Change/Variability Impacts and Public Health in Trinidad and Tobago, and St Kitts and Nevis. West Indian Med J, 56(2), 115-1.
Rohani, P. (2009). The link dengue incidence and El Niño Southern Oscillation. PLoS Med, 6(11), e1000185.
Salazar-Ceballos, A. y Álvarez-Miño, L. (2014). Asociación entre factores climatológicos y tasa de incidencia del dengue en Santa Marta, Colombia, 2007-2013. Revista Ciencias Biomédicas, 5(1), 41-47.
Salazar-Ceballos, A.; Álvarez-Miño, L.; Muñoz-Sánchez, E.P.; Carreño-Orozco, J.D. y Rodríguez-Choles, B.H. (2014). Percepción del riesgo al cambio climático y sus efectos sobre la salud y enfermedades infecciosas en estudiantes universitarios, Santa Marta, Colombia, 2011. Rev Cuid, 5(1), 613-22.
Semenza, J.C.; Hall, D.E.; Wilson, D.J.; Bontempo, B.D.; Sailor, D.J. y George, L.A. (2008). Public perception of climate change. Voluntary mitigation and barriers to behavior change. Am J Prev Med, 35(5), 479-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.020.
Taylor, A.; Dessai, S. y Bruine de Bruin, W. (2014). Public perception of climate risk and adaptation in the UK: A review of the literature. Climate Risk Management, 4-5, 1-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2014.09.001
Vallejo, J. (2011). A Regional Strategy for Water Resource Management in the Caribbean Region of Colombia. Tropical Resources Bulletin, 30, 28-35.
World Health Organization. (2002). World health report. Reducing Risks, Promoting Healthy Life. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. Recuperado de http://www.who.int/whr/2002/en/
World Health Organization. (2003). Methods of assessing human health vulnerability and public health adaptation to climate change. Health and global environmental change. Series No. 1. Lead authors: Kovats, S.; Ebi, K. y Menne, B. Denmark. Recuperado de http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/107538.
World Health Organization. (2009). Protecting health from climate change: connecting science, policy and people. Denmark. Recuperado de http://www.who.int/globalchange/publications/reports/9789241598880/en/.
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