PDF (Español)
FLIP
HTML (Español (España))
How to Cite
Castro Rojas, G. V. ., Naranjo Merino, C. A. ., & Rodríguez Pulido, . J. A. . (2019). Water footprint of regional products : the case of white cachama (Piaractus brachypomus). Revista Luna Azul (On Line), (48), 01–22. https://doi.org/10.17151/luaz.2019.48.1
More Citation Formats
Authors
Abstract
In response for the demand of water resources, the ecological indicator "water footprint" emerges which is measured in terms of the water consumed and/or contaminated per liters of water/kg/crop. The Water Footprint helps to optimize the use of water resources by reducing water changes, increasing planting densities, using closed systems with recirculation and/or green water technologies. For the calculation of water footprint in fish ponds of the Piedemonte Llanero, the climatology, meteorology and hydrological regime in the Municipality of Restrepo, Meta, Colombia were characterized. Calculations of potential evapotranspiration, as well as effective precipitation were carried out. The volume required for the assimilation of pollutants by water bodies and virtual water for the preparation of the concentrate was also considered. A water footprint of 3848.5 L water/kg/crop was calculated for the cultivation of white cachama (Piaractus brachypomus), a value lower than that reported for other fish cultures and even for other agricultural activities. It was also found that the Indirect Water Footprint (2913.3 L/kg) is the one that contributes the most to the total value of the Water Footprint. This demonstrates the difference in water consumption in the production of cachama, bringing it closer to a sustainable production system.
Keywords:
References
Aldaya, M.M., Allan, J.A. & Hoekstra, A.Y. (2010). Strategic importance of green water in international crop trade. Ecological Economics, 69, 887-94.
Bello, R.A. y Gil, R.W. (1992). Evaluación y aprovechamiento de la cachama (Colossoma macropomum) cultivada, como fuente de alimento. Ciudad de Mexico , México: FAO.
Boyd, C. E. & Tuckerm C.S. (1992). Water quality and pond soil analyses for aquaculture. Auburn University, Agricultural Experiment Station. Alabama, USA.
Chapagain, A.K. & Hoekstra, A.Y. (2004). Water footprints of nations. 2: Appendices. Ed UNESCOIHE. 240 p. Delft, The Netherlands.
Chaves, P.B., Graeff, V.G., Lion, M.B., Oliveira, L.R. & Eizirik, E. (2012). DNA barcoding meets molecular scatology: short mtDNA sequences for standardized species assignment of carnivore noninvasive samples. Molecular Ecology Resources, 12, 18-35.
David-Ruales, C. A. & Vasquez-Torres, W. (2014). Dietary protein and body mass effect ammonium excretion in White cachama (Piaractus brachipomus). Rev. Colombia Ciencias pecuarias, 27, 121- 132.
Falkenmark, M. (2003). Freshwater as shared between society and ecosystems: from divided approaches to integrated challenges. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 358, 2037-49.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - FAO (2014). Informe del 28° período de sesiones del comité de pesca. Roma, 9 – 13 junio http://www.fao.org/3/a-mk029s.pdf
Fry, J.P., Love, D.C., MacDonald, G.K., West, P.C., Engstrom, P.M., Nachman, K.E. & Lawrence R.S. (2016). Environmental health impacts of feeding crops to farmed fish.Environ Int, 91, 201-14.
Garrido, C.A. y Willaarts, B.A. (2011). Dimensión política y de gestión de la Huella Hídrica. Ríos Ibéricos +10. Mirando al futuro tras 10 años de DMA. Conferencia llevada a cabo VII Congreso Ibérico sobre Gestión y Planificación del Agua, Talaera de la Reina, España.
Gobernación Departamento del Meta. (2014). Guía ambiental sector piscícola. Villavicencio, Meta: Gobernación Departamento del Meta.
Henao, T.E. (1995). Manejo Integral de Cuencas Hidrográficas. Bogotá, Colombia: Ediciones USTA.
Hoekstra, A.Y., Chapagain, A.K., Aldaya, M.M. y Mekonnen, M.M. (2010). Manual de Evaluación de la Huella Hídrica. Definiendo una norma global. Recuperado de: http://waterfootprint.org/media/downloads/ThewaterFootprintAssessmentManual2,pdf.
Hoekstra, A.Y., Chapagain, A.K., Aldaya, M.M. & Mekonnen, M.M. (2011). “The water footprint assessment manual: setting the global standard, Earthscan”. Washington, DC.
http://doi.org/978-1-84971-279-8
Hoekstra, A.Y. & Hung, P.Q. (2002). Virtual water trade. A quantification of virtual water flows between nations in relation to international crop trade. Value of water research report series, 166.
Leach, A.M., Emery, K.A., Gephart, J., Davis, K.F., Erisman, J.W., Leip, A., Pace M.L…,. & Galloway, J. N. (2016) Environmental impact food labels combining carbon, nitrogen, and water footprints. Food Policy, 61, 213-23.
Liu C., Kroeze C., Hoekstra A.Y. & Gerbens-Leenes, W. (2012). Past and future trends in grey water footprints of anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus inputs to major world rivers. Ecological Indicators, 18, 42-9.
Liu J., Liu, Q. & Yang, H. (2016). Assessing water scarcity by simultaneously considering environmental flow requirements, water quantity, and water quality.Ecological Indicators, 60, 434- 41.
MAVDT. 2010. Política Nacional para la Gestión de Recurso Hídrico. Bogotá DC: Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Terrritorial. Retrieved front.
Mekonnen, M. & Hoekstra, A. (2010). The green, blue and grey water footprint of crops and derived crop products. Delft, Netherlands: Value of Water Research Report UNESCO-IHE.
Mekonnen, M. & Hoekstra, A.Y. (2015). Global Gray Water Footprint and Water Pollution Levels Related to Anthropogenic Nitrogen Loads to Fresh Water. Environ Sci Technol, 49, 12860-8.
Montealegre, B.J.E. (1990). Técnicas estadísticas aplicadas en el manejo de datos hidrológicos y meteorológicos. Bogotá, Colombia : HIMAT.
Moraes, G., Honorato, C., De Almeida, l. y Rodrigo C. (2007). Aspectos adaptativos metabólicos da nutrição de peixes neotropicais de água doce. Revista de la Faculdad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, 54, 101-7.
Murray, J. & Burt, J.R. (2001). The Composition of Fish. In: FAO in partnership with Support unit for International Fisheries and Aquatic Research, SIFAR. Torry Research Station, United Nations.
Pahlow. M., Van Oel, P.R., Mekonnen, M.M. & Hoekstra A.Y. (2015). Increasing pressure on freshwater resources due to terrestrial feed ingredients for aquaculture production. Sci Total Environ, 536, 847-57.
Peñuela-Hernández, Z., Hernández-Arevalo, G., Cruz-Casallas, P.E. y Matus J.R.C. (2007). Consumo de oxígeno en cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus) durante diferentes etapas de desarrollo corporal. Orinoquia, 11, 49-55.
Pérez-Rincón, M. A., (2007). “Dinámica económica, comercio internacional y uso del agua en la agricultura Colombiana: Balance nacional y local para los últimos 45 años” Revista Economía, Gestión y Desarrollo ISSN 1909-4477. Ed: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, 5(141-157).
Pérez-Rincón, M. A., Hurtado, I. C., Restrepo, S., Bonilla, S. P., Calderón, H., & Ramírez, A. (2017). Water footprint messure method for tilapia, cachama and trout production: study cases to Valle del Cauca (Colombia). Ingeniería y competitividad, 19(2), 115-126.
Roth, E., Rosenthal, H. & Burbridge, P. (2001). A discussion of the use of the sustainability index: ‘ecological footprint’ for aquaculture production. Aquatic Living Resources, 13, 461-9.
Stonerook, E. (2010). The environmental impacts of aquaculture A life cycle assessment comparison of four common aquaculture systems to beef, pork, and chicken production. Florida: University of Florida.
Tacon, A.G.J. (1988). The nutrition and feeding of farmed fish and shrimp. –A training manual. 3. Feeding methods. Brasilia, Brasil: FAO.
Tacon, A.G.J. (1989). Nutrición y alimentación de peces y camarones cultivados. Manual de capacitación. Brasilia, Brasil: Programa cooperativo gubernamental FAO.
Bello, R.A. y Gil, R.W. (1992). Evaluación y aprovechamiento de la cachama (Colossoma macropomum) cultivada, como fuente de alimento. Ciudad de Mexico , México: FAO.
Boyd, C. E. & Tuckerm C.S. (1992). Water quality and pond soil analyses for aquaculture. Auburn University, Agricultural Experiment Station. Alabama, USA.
Chapagain, A.K. & Hoekstra, A.Y. (2004). Water footprints of nations. 2: Appendices. Ed UNESCOIHE. 240 p. Delft, The Netherlands.
Chaves, P.B., Graeff, V.G., Lion, M.B., Oliveira, L.R. & Eizirik, E. (2012). DNA barcoding meets molecular scatology: short mtDNA sequences for standardized species assignment of carnivore noninvasive samples. Molecular Ecology Resources, 12, 18-35.
David-Ruales, C. A. & Vasquez-Torres, W. (2014). Dietary protein and body mass effect ammonium excretion in White cachama (Piaractus brachipomus). Rev. Colombia Ciencias pecuarias, 27, 121- 132.
Falkenmark, M. (2003). Freshwater as shared between society and ecosystems: from divided approaches to integrated challenges. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 358, 2037-49.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - FAO (2014). Informe del 28° período de sesiones del comité de pesca. Roma, 9 – 13 junio http://www.fao.org/3/a-mk029s.pdf
Fry, J.P., Love, D.C., MacDonald, G.K., West, P.C., Engstrom, P.M., Nachman, K.E. & Lawrence R.S. (2016). Environmental health impacts of feeding crops to farmed fish.Environ Int, 91, 201-14.
Garrido, C.A. y Willaarts, B.A. (2011). Dimensión política y de gestión de la Huella Hídrica. Ríos Ibéricos +10. Mirando al futuro tras 10 años de DMA. Conferencia llevada a cabo VII Congreso Ibérico sobre Gestión y Planificación del Agua, Talaera de la Reina, España.
Gobernación Departamento del Meta. (2014). Guía ambiental sector piscícola. Villavicencio, Meta: Gobernación Departamento del Meta.
Henao, T.E. (1995). Manejo Integral de Cuencas Hidrográficas. Bogotá, Colombia: Ediciones USTA.
Hoekstra, A.Y., Chapagain, A.K., Aldaya, M.M. y Mekonnen, M.M. (2010). Manual de Evaluación de la Huella Hídrica. Definiendo una norma global. Recuperado de: http://waterfootprint.org/media/downloads/ThewaterFootprintAssessmentManual2,pdf.
Hoekstra, A.Y., Chapagain, A.K., Aldaya, M.M. & Mekonnen, M.M. (2011). “The water footprint assessment manual: setting the global standard, Earthscan”. Washington, DC.
http://doi.org/978-1-84971-279-8
Hoekstra, A.Y. & Hung, P.Q. (2002). Virtual water trade. A quantification of virtual water flows between nations in relation to international crop trade. Value of water research report series, 166.
Leach, A.M., Emery, K.A., Gephart, J., Davis, K.F., Erisman, J.W., Leip, A., Pace M.L…,. & Galloway, J. N. (2016) Environmental impact food labels combining carbon, nitrogen, and water footprints. Food Policy, 61, 213-23.
Liu C., Kroeze C., Hoekstra A.Y. & Gerbens-Leenes, W. (2012). Past and future trends in grey water footprints of anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus inputs to major world rivers. Ecological Indicators, 18, 42-9.
Liu J., Liu, Q. & Yang, H. (2016). Assessing water scarcity by simultaneously considering environmental flow requirements, water quantity, and water quality.Ecological Indicators, 60, 434- 41.
MAVDT. 2010. Política Nacional para la Gestión de Recurso Hídrico. Bogotá DC: Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Terrritorial. Retrieved front.
Mekonnen, M. & Hoekstra, A. (2010). The green, blue and grey water footprint of crops and derived crop products. Delft, Netherlands: Value of Water Research Report UNESCO-IHE.
Mekonnen, M. & Hoekstra, A.Y. (2015). Global Gray Water Footprint and Water Pollution Levels Related to Anthropogenic Nitrogen Loads to Fresh Water. Environ Sci Technol, 49, 12860-8.
Montealegre, B.J.E. (1990). Técnicas estadísticas aplicadas en el manejo de datos hidrológicos y meteorológicos. Bogotá, Colombia : HIMAT.
Moraes, G., Honorato, C., De Almeida, l. y Rodrigo C. (2007). Aspectos adaptativos metabólicos da nutrição de peixes neotropicais de água doce. Revista de la Faculdad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, 54, 101-7.
Murray, J. & Burt, J.R. (2001). The Composition of Fish. In: FAO in partnership with Support unit for International Fisheries and Aquatic Research, SIFAR. Torry Research Station, United Nations.
Pahlow. M., Van Oel, P.R., Mekonnen, M.M. & Hoekstra A.Y. (2015). Increasing pressure on freshwater resources due to terrestrial feed ingredients for aquaculture production. Sci Total Environ, 536, 847-57.
Peñuela-Hernández, Z., Hernández-Arevalo, G., Cruz-Casallas, P.E. y Matus J.R.C. (2007). Consumo de oxígeno en cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus) durante diferentes etapas de desarrollo corporal. Orinoquia, 11, 49-55.
Pérez-Rincón, M. A., (2007). “Dinámica económica, comercio internacional y uso del agua en la agricultura Colombiana: Balance nacional y local para los últimos 45 años” Revista Economía, Gestión y Desarrollo ISSN 1909-4477. Ed: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, 5(141-157).
Pérez-Rincón, M. A., Hurtado, I. C., Restrepo, S., Bonilla, S. P., Calderón, H., & Ramírez, A. (2017). Water footprint messure method for tilapia, cachama and trout production: study cases to Valle del Cauca (Colombia). Ingeniería y competitividad, 19(2), 115-126.
Roth, E., Rosenthal, H. & Burbridge, P. (2001). A discussion of the use of the sustainability index: ‘ecological footprint’ for aquaculture production. Aquatic Living Resources, 13, 461-9.
Stonerook, E. (2010). The environmental impacts of aquaculture A life cycle assessment comparison of four common aquaculture systems to beef, pork, and chicken production. Florida: University of Florida.
Tacon, A.G.J. (1988). The nutrition and feeding of farmed fish and shrimp. –A training manual. 3. Feeding methods. Brasilia, Brasil: FAO.
Tacon, A.G.J. (1989). Nutrición y alimentación de peces y camarones cultivados. Manual de capacitación. Brasilia, Brasil: Programa cooperativo gubernamental FAO.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
