Esterificación y transesterificación de aceites residuales para obtener biodiesel

Abstract

Biodiesel is a biofuel produced from fats and oils and because of the disadvantages of fossil oils use, its production and consumption has increased in recent years. In this work the esterification of waste oil by acid catalysis and alkaline transesterification to obtain biodiesel was studied. The oil-methanol (6:1 and 5:1) ratio conditions and catalyst concentration were varied to select the most favorable for the process. The oils used were collected in restaurants in the city of Cartagena. It was found that the variable to greater effect on the reaction yield was the oil-methanol ratio, favoring low concentrations of methanol (6:1), from which yields higher than 93% are obtained. The catalyst concentration did not affect significantly the efficiency of
esterification. The biodiesel obtained had good acidity characteristics and low sulfur content. Additionally the need for a pretreatment to oils and biodiesel purification to achieve compliance of international standards was evidenced.

Keywords:

Aceites residuales

esterificación

transesterificación

biodiesel

Waste oils

esterification

transesterification

biodiese

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