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Publication Date: 2013-01-01
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Tatis Castro, R. D., & Barbosa López, A. L. (2013). Chemical approach to the deterioration and biodegradation of calcareous rocks that make up heritage monuments of historical and cultural importance. Revista Luna Azul (On Line), (36), 247–284. Retrieved from https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/lunazul/article/view/1667
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Abstract
Abstract: Stony monuments declared as cultural world heritage are deteriorated through the years because of physical, chemical and environmental agents which depend largely on their geographic location. Among these agents are: gust of, winds that wear away the stone eroding it; rainy seasons which bring dissolved salts and cause corrosion because of their chemical reaction with the calcareous material matrix which solubilizes Luna Azul ISSN 1909-2474 No. 36, enero - junio 2013 ©Universidad de Caldas 247 calcium carbonate which is their main component; because of solar radiation all through the year stones lose their color; high humidity allows plants and living forms to grow. Anthropogenic activities which are not environmentally friendly are other important factor: vehicle gas emissions, for example, deteriorate greatly old stone monuments because they are highly corrosive acids. This way, optimal conditions are created for fungi, algae, bacteria, lichens and plants which are invasive and colonizing to live on the stone surface and cause biodeterioration. Since metabolisms of these species involve consumption of inorganic substrates that are present in the stones, they become another factor affecting monument’s durability, stability, and aesthetic appearance.
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References
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Colston, B. J.; Watt, D. S. y Munro, H. L. (2001). Environmentally-induced stone decay: the cumulative effects of crystallization-hydration cycles on a Lincolnshire oopelsparite limestone. Journal of cultural heritage, 4,304, 305.
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Crispim, A. C.; Gaylarde, M. P.; Gaylarde, C. C. y Brett, A. N. (2006). Deteriogenic cyanobacteria on historic buildings in Brazil detected by culture and molecular techniques. International biodeterioration and biodegradation, 57, 239, 240.
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Crispim, C. A.; Gaylarde, C. C. y Gaylarde, P. M. (2004). Biofilms on church walls in Porto Alegre, rs, Brazil, with
special attention to cyanobacteria. International biodeterioration and biodegradation, 54, 122.
De los Ríos, A.; Cámara, B.; García del Cura, M.; Rico, V.; Galván, V. y Ascaso, C. (2009). Deteriorating effects
of lichen and microbial colonization of carbonate building rocks in the Romanesque churches of Segovia (Spain). Science of the total environment, 407, 1127.
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Doehne, E. y Price, C. (2010). Stone conservation, anoverview of current research. The getty trust publications, 2,15.
Espinosa, R. M.; Franke, L. y Deckelmann, G. (2008). Predicting efflorescence and subflorescences of salts. Matter. res. soc. symp. proc., 1047.
Espinosa-Marzal, R. y Scherer, G. W. (2010). Advances in understanding damage by salt crystallization.
Accounts of chemical research, 43, 897-900.
Fernandes, P. (2006). Applied microbiology and biotechnology in the conservation of stone cultural heritage materials. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 73, 292.
Flatt, R. J. (2002). Salt damage in porous materials: how high supersaturations are generated. Journal of crystal
growth, 242, 435, 437.
Flores, M.; Lorenzo, J. y Gómez-Alarcón, G., (1997). Algae and bacteria on historic monuments at Alcalá de
Henares, Spain. International biodeterioration and biodegradation, 40, 244.
Gaylarde, C. y Crispim, C. (2005). Cyanobacteria and biodeterioration of cultural heritage: a review. Microbial
ecology, 49, 1.
Gaylarde, C. y Gaylarde, P. (2005). A comparative study of the major microbial biomass of biofilms on exteriors
of buildings in Europe and Latin America. International biodeterioration and biodegradation, 55, 131-133.
Gaylarde, C.; Gaylarde, P. y Neilan, B. A. (2012). Endolithic phototrophs in built and natural stone. Current microbiology, 65, 183-8.
Ghedini, N.; Gobbi, G.; Sabbioni, C. y Zappia, G. (2000). Determination of elemental and organic carbon on
damaged stone monuments. Atmospheric environment, 34, 4383.
Ghedini, N.; Sabbioni, C. y Pantani, M. (2003). Thermal analysis in cultural heritage safeguard: an application.
Thermochimica acta, 406, 105.
Giavarini, C.; Santarelli, M. L.; Natalini, R. y Freddi, F. (2008). A non-linear model of sulphation of porous
stones: numerical simulations and preliminary laboratory assessments. Journal of cultural heritage, 9,14, 15.
Gómez-Alarcón, G. y De la Torre, M. A. (1994). The effect of filamentous fungi on stone monuments: the
spanish experience. Building mycology, 13, 272.
Gómez-Bolea, A.; Llop, E.; Ariño, X.; Sáiz-Jiménez, C.; Bonazza, A.; Messina, P. y Sabbioni, C. (2011). Mapping the impact of climate change on biomass accumulation on stone. Journal of cultural heritage, article in press, 2.
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Grossi, C. M.; Esbert, R. M.; Díaz-Pache, F. y Alonso, F.J. (2003). Soiling of building stones in urban environments. Building and environment, 38, 147.
Grossi, C. M. y Murray, M. (1999). Characteristic of carbonate building stones that influence the dry deposition of acidic gases. Construction and building materials, 13, 101, 103.
Guillite, O. (1995). Bioreceptivity: a new concept for building ecology studies. Science of the totalenvironment, 167, 215-220.
Hale Jr., M E. (1980). Control of biological growths on Mayan archaeological ruins in Guatemala and Honduras. National geographic research reports, Washington D.C. 305-321.
Harris, B. (2001). The weathering of limestone and the effect of airborne pollution. A discussion paper for the
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