Análisis de riesgo ambiental y percepción del riesgo por movimientos en masa en la cuenca del río Nuevo Presidente, corregimiento de Las Mercedes– Sardinata y municipio de Tibú en el departamento de Norte de Santander, Colombia

Abstract

The objective of the analysis of environmental risk associated with mass movement processes (PRM) is to understand the interaction between these phenomena and vegetation cover, as well as their impact on community perception. To achieve this, spatial methods and qualitative data collection techniques were combined, allowing for a comprehensive evaluation of the adverse effects that this interaction generates in the territory. Additionally, the methodology of the Colombian Geological Service was applied to calculate environmental risk, considering the threat on five scales and its relationship with environmental vulnerability, exposure, fragility, and community response. The results show that community perception significantly influences how risk is addressed, determining the level of adoption of mitigation measures and the planning of preventive strategies. Structural and social vulnerabilities affecting local resilience were also identified, highlighting the need to strengthen awareness and training in regions with similar characteristics. Finally, it is concluded that the perception of risk within the community drives the creation of awareness-raising routes that strengthen response capacity to PRMs, especially in regions where the absence of state presence, low educational levels, and public order issues exacerbate the situation. Active community participation in this process is key to the effectiveness of proposed solutions and the conservation of the environment.

Keywords

mass movement

environmental vulnerability

awareness

Catatumbo basin

río Nuevo Presidente basin

References

Bhattacharya, R. K., Das Chatterjee, N., & Das, K. (2019). Multi-criteria-based sub-basin prioritization and its risk assessment of erosion susceptibility in Kansai–Kumari catchment area, India. Applied Water Science, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-019-0954-4

Estepa, E., & Paz, P. (2021). Análisis de la susceptibilidad por procesos de remoción en masa en la cuenca del Río Nuevo Presidente, Corregimiento Las Mercedes -Sardinata y Municipio de Tibú en el Departamento Norte de Santander, Colombia. 1-62.

Flórez, L. A. R., Gaviria, E. M. R., Castañeda, C. A. V., Tenjo, H. P. G., & Madrigal, A. R. (2020). Community risk management. Spatial and environmental justice. Bitacora Urbano Territorial, 30(3), 205-217. https://doi.org/10.15446/BITACORA.V30N3.87769

Fundación Paz & Reconcilación. (2016). El concepto de “postconflicto” desconoce dolorosas realidades. https://www.pares.com.co/post/el-concepto-de-postconflicto-desconoce-dolorosas-realidades

González González, R y Jimeno Bernal, J. (2017). Ckeck list / Listas de chequeo: ¿Qué es un checklist y cómo usarlo?. http://www.pdcahome.com/check-list/.

Guo, Z., Shi, Y., Huang, F., Fan, X., & Huang, J. (2021). Landslide susceptibility zonation method based on C5.0 decision tree and K-means cluster algorithms to improve the efficiency of risk management. Geoscience Frontiers, 12(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101249

IDEAM, I. de H. y M. y E. A. (2010). Leyenda nacional de coberturas de la tierra. Metodología CORINE Land Cover adaptada para Colombia, escala 1:100.000. En Area: Vol. TH-62-04-1 (Número 257).

Korup, O. (2022). 6.23 - Landslides in the Fluvial System. En J. (Jack) F. Shroder (Ed.), Treatise on Geomorphology (Second Edition) (pp. 430-445). Academic Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.12026-3

Kulimushi, L. C., Choudhari, P., Maniragaba, A., Elbeltagi, A., Mugabowindekwe, M., Rwanyiziri, G., Byizigiro, R. V., Pingale, S. M., & Singh, S. K. (2021). Erosion risk assessment through prioritization of sub-watersheds in Nyabarongo river catchment, Rwanda. Environmental Challenges, 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100260

Mejía, R., Castelblanco, B., Acevedo, C., Henao, S., Augusto, C., Mejía1, R., Esteban, D., Castelblanco2, B., Acevedo3, A. C., Mishell, D., & Henao4, S. (2019). Risk evaluation for mass removal movements activated by pre-cipitation processes, case study at Chagualá road-Quindío. 31, 7-14.

Mendoza Martinez, H. (2011). El concepto de pobreza y su evolución en la política social del gobierno mexicano. En Estudios Sociales (Vol. 19, Número 37).

Morí Sánchez, M. D. P. (2008). Una propuesta metodológica para la intervención comunitaria.

NASA. (2022). Landslide Reporter. https://maps.nccs.nasa.gov/apps/landslide_reporter/.

Rivas- Casarrubia, J. D. (2020). Vista de Indicadores de vulnerabilidad social como herramienta de planificación y gestión de riesgos ambientales en Colombia. http://revistas.ustatunja.edu.co/index.php/ivestigium/article/view/2024/1778

Rivas - Casarrubia, J. D. (2020). Indicadores de Vulnerabilidad Social como Herramienta de Planificación y Gestión de Riesgos Ambientales en Colombia. 14-1, 41-55.

Rosser, N., Kincey, M., Oven, K., Densmore, A., Robinson, T., Pujara, D. S., Shrestha, R., Smutny, J., Gurung, K., Lama, S., & Dhital, M. R. (2021). Changing significance of landslide Hazard and risk after the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal Earthquake. Progress in Disaster Science, 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2021.100159

SGC. (2015). PLANCHA 67-TIBÚ MEMORIA EXPLICATIVA.https://n9.cl/zvohx

SGC. (2017). Guía Metodológica Para La Zonificación De Amenaza Por Movimientos En Masa Escala 1: 25.000. www.imprenta.gov.co

SGC. (2022a). Sistema de Consulta de la Amenaza Sísmica de Colombia. https://n9.cl/r74cr

SGC. (2022b). Sistema de Información de Movimientos en Masa - SIMMA.

Shahabi, H., & Hashim, M. (2015). Landslide susceptibility mapping using GIS-based statistical models and Remote sensing data in tropical environment. Scientific Reports, 5. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09899

Taboada, A., Dimate, C., & Fuenzalida, A. (1998). Sismotectónica de Colombia: deformación continental activa y subducción. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 10, 110-147.

UNGRD. (2020, agosto 19). Riesgo por movimientos en masa en Colombia. https://n9.cl/m71hh

Vera Rodíguez, J. M., & Albarracin Calderón, A. P. (2017). Metodología para el análisis de vulnerabilidad ante amenazas de inundación, remoción en masa y flujos torrenciales en cuencas hidrográficas. Ciencia e Ingeniería Neogranadina, 27(2), 109-136. https://doi.org/10.18359/rcin.2309

Zhao, Z., Chen, J., Xu, K., Xie, H., Gan, X., & Xu, H. (2021). A spatial case-based reasoning method for regional landslide risk assessment. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102381