Resumo
Existem muitas maneiras de considerar o soporte social. Tem definido em términos de atividades, e de comportamentos, de relações o de interações e também em términos de a qualidade das relações sociais. A pesar da diversidade de pontos de vista, parece existir um consenso conforme o qual o suporte social é um constructo complexo e multidimensional que da conta da qualidade das relações sociais e apresenta se em duas formas: o formal e o informal. O apoio ou suporte formal corresponde a entidades privadas ou governamentais, instituídas dentro das estruturas sociopolíticas do Estado. A família, os amigos e vizinhos, compõem o sistema de suporte social informal, eles constituem as principais fontes de apoio dos anciãos. A pesar do crescente interes dos investigadores de estabelecer laços entre as relações sociais em geral, e o suporte social informal em particular, com a saúde e a funcionalidade, as investigações em torno à maneira como estes processos se afetam mutuamente apresentam ainda algumas inconsistências e confusões, causadas provavelmente por a complexidade dos fenômenos e por a diversidade de enfoques e conceitos utilizados. Em conseqüência, porém no campo da gerontologia existe evidencia de as relações entre os três processos (suporte social informal, funcionalidade e saúde), se apresentam algumas situações problemáticas que limitam a investigação, contribuem a produzir resultados contraditórios e dificultam a aplicação e transferência de resultados.
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