Términos de clases naturales y entes posibles: algunos problemas de accesibilidad referencial

Abstract

The present article is a critical discussion of the main classical theories in philosophy of language, with regard to the semantic issues of referential accessibility. It reviews the positions taken by proponents of physicalist reduction of the reference relation within the framework of a naturalized epistemology (Quine-Hempel thesis), followers of the linguistic-anthropological constructivism of sortal properties (Wiggins) and supporters of Kripke's theory of direct reference. The discussion opens with the debate of the problem of essentialism and metaphysical realism with regard to the reference relation to Natural Kind Terms and Possible Beings. Finally, introduces a semantic model of strong prescriptive nature, with a set theory formalization oriented to classifying Natural Kind Terms, Possible Beings and Fictitious Specimens without any ontological incompatibility between them.

Keywords:

epistemología naturalizada

especies naturales

filosofía del lenguaje

propiedades sortales

teoría kripkeana de la referencia directa

Naturalized epistemology

natural kind terms

philosophy of language

sortal properties

Kripke’s Theory of Direct Reference

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