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Abstract
Based on an analysis of Milner's philosophy, the article argues that Jewish and conservative thought can not only be critical of the political philosophy of modernity, but also of the contemporary hegemony of neoliberalism. This critique is highly relevant in contemporary philosophy, as demonstrated by the debates Badiou and Rancière have had with Milner. Badiou criticises the centrality of negativity for the Jewish philosopher, or the fact of thinking the political on the basis of death, while Rancière turns Milner's thought into a paradigm of the ‘hatred of democracy’.Using the methodology of conceptual history, we show, firstly, that this thought, despite its conservatism, is hostile to schmittian political theology; secondly, that the Jewishness of this philosophy is located in the critique of the concept of the ‘easy universal’, which alludes to the passage from limited institutions, compatible with the multiplicity of other entities, to a universal, ‘society’, which has an unlimited character. Thirdly, we show that, for Milner, the unlimited social community, which justifies the principle of ‘conversion’ or the elimination of differences, has a double articulation: politically, it is expressed through the concepts of ‘revolution’ and ‘democracy’; and economically, through the neoliberal market that reduces human beings to ‘things’. The article concludes by affirming that Milner's conservative thought proposes, while being insensitive to equality, a rigorous critique of neoliberalism.
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