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Fecha Publicación: 2012-06-22
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Osorio, J. H., & Matheus, S. (2012). Actualización en el funcionamiento de la glándula tiroides en el gato doméstico segunda parte: Hipertiroidismo felino. Biosalud, 11(1), 57–70. Recuperado a partir de https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/biosalud/article/view/4732
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Objetivo. Actualizar conceptos sobre hipertiroidismo felino. Materiales y métodos. Se analizó la literatura disponible de los últimos 50 años en las bases de datos BBCS-LILACS, Fuente Académica, IB-PsycINFO, IB-SSCI, IB-SciELO, Scopus y Scirus, al igual que artículos históricos, textos y referencias citadas en trabajos públicos. Resultados. Se obtuvo información pertinente relacionada con los objetivos propuestos en la presente revisión, por lo cual puede clasificarse en 5 secciones a saber: etiología, fisiopatología, signos clínicos, diagnóstico y manejo Conclusión. El hipertiroidismo felino es una enfermedad debida a concentraciones circulantes excesivas de T4, T3 o ambas. Es el trastorno endocrino más frecuente en el gato doméstico y afecta aproximadamente a 1 de cada 300 gatos, presentando complicaciones multisistémicas. Actualmente existen tratamientos médicos y quirúrgicos. El tratamiento médico es una alternativa conservadora que teniendo las instalaciones adecuadas tiene una efectividad de 90%, sin embargo dependiendo de la etiología de la enfermedad puede ser de mayor eficacia la tiroidectomía, por ejemplo en el caso de los tumores.
Citas
Peterson ME, Ward CR. Aspectos etiopatológicos del hipertiroidismo felino. Vet Clin Small Anim 2007; 37: 633-645.
Rayalam S, Eizenstat LD, Davis RR, Hoenig M, Ferguson DC. Expression and purification of feline thyrotropin (fTSH): Immunological detection and bioactivity of heterodimeric and yoked glycoproteins. Domestic Anim Endocrinol 2006; 30 (3): 185–202.
Mori da Cunha MG, Pippi NL, Gomes K, Beckmann DV. Hipertireoidismo felino. Ciencia rural 2008; 38 (5):1486-1494.
Nelson RW, Couto GC. Medicina interna de animales pequeños. 2da ed. Buenos aires-República Argentina: Intermédica; 2000.p. 766-777.
Mooney CT. The effects of non-thyroidal factors on tests of thyroid function. Small Animal Medicine and Feline Medicine Chapters 2010; 28-30.
Panciera DL. Manual of Small Animal Endocrinology. 2nd ed. United Kingdom: British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1998. p. 103- 113.
Patnaik AC, Lieberman PH. Feline Anaplastic Giant Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Thyroid. Vet Pathol 1979; 16: 687-692.
Merryman JI, Buckles EL, Bowers G, Neilsen NR. Overexpression of c-Ras in Hyperplasia and Adenomas of the Feline Thyroid Gland: An Immunohistochemical Analysis of 34 Cases. Vet Pathol 1999; 36:117–124.
Michael S. Clinical medicine of the Dog and Cat 2end edition. Londres, InglaterraS: Manson Publishing Ltd; 2003.p. 364-389.
Nguyen LQ, Arseven OK, Gerber H, Stein BS, Jameson JL, Kopp P. Cloning of the Cat TSH Receptor and Evidence Against an Autoimmune Etiology of Feline Hyperthyroidism. Endocrinology 2002; 143 (2): 395–402.
Schenck PA. Effect of diet on development of feline hyperthyroidism. Proceeding of the North American Veterinary Conference. Orlando, Florida. 2005. p. 608-610.
De Wet CS, Mooney CT, Thompson PN, Schoeman JP. Prevalence of and risk factors for feline hyperthyroidism in Hong Kong. J Feline Med Surg 2009; 11(4):315-321.
Martin KM, Rossing MA, Ryland LM, DiGiacomo RF, Freitag WA. Evaluation of dietary and environmental risk factors for hyperthyroidism in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000; 217(6):853-856.
Edinboro CH, Scott-Moncrieff JC, Janovitz E, Thacker HL, Glickman LT. Epidemiologic study of relationships between consumption of commercial canned food and risk of hyperthyroidism in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004; 224(6):879-886.
Kupryianchyk D, Hovander L, Jones B, Lindqvist NG, Eriksson N, Bergman A. Hyperthyroidism, a new disease in cats - Is it caused by exposure to environmental organic pollutants?. Organohalogen Compounds 2009; 71: 2720- 2725.
Cerundolo R, Michel KE, Reisner LR, Phillips L, Goldschmidt M, Court MH, et al. Evaluation of the effects of dietary soy phytoestrogens on canine health, steroidogenesis, thyroid function, behavior and skin and coat quality in a prospective controlled randomized trial. Am J Vet Res 2010; 70(3): 353–360.
Gunn-Moore D. Feline Endocrinopathies. Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice 2005; 35 (1):171–210.
Watson SG, Radford AD, Kipar A, Ibarrola P, Blackwood L. Somatic mutations of the thyroidstimulating hormone receptor gene in feline hyperthyroidism: parallels with human hyperthyroidism. J Endocrinol 2005; 186, 523–537.
Hans JP, Gerber H, Studer H, Becker DV, Mark E. Peterson. Autonomy of Growth and of Iodine Metabolism in Hyperthyroid Feline Goiters Transplanted onto Nude Mice. Am Soc Clin Invest 1987; 80: 491-498.
Van Hoek IM, Peremans K, Vandermeulen E. Effect of recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone on serum thyroxin and thyroid scintigraphy in euthyroid cats. J Feline Med Surg 2009; 11: 309-314.
Kratzsch J, Pulzer F. Thyroid gland development and defects. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2008; 22 (1): 57-75.Elwood CM, White RN, Freeman K, White M. Cholelithiasis and hyperthyroidism in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 2001; 3(4): 247-52.
Langston CE, Reine NJ. Hyperthyroidism and the Kidney. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 2006; 21(1): 17-21.
Daminet S. Renal function and feline hyperthyroidism: should we care?. European Veterinary Conference Voorjaarsdagen. Amsterdam, Netherlands 2008.
Brennan SF, Jones BR. Feline hyperthyroidism. EJCAP 2005; 15(2).
Schenck PA, Calcium Homeostasis in Thyroid Disease in Dogs and Cats. Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice 2007; 37 (4): 693-708.
Mayer-Roenne B, Goldstein RE, Erb HN. Urinary tract infections in cats with hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. J Feline Med Surg 2007; 9:124-132.
Ferguson DC. Thyroid Disease in Dogs and Cats. 56th ACVP and 40th ASVCP. Boston,USA; 2005.
Ferguson DC, Caffall Z, Hoenig M. Obesity increases free thyroxine proportionally to nonesterified fatty acid concentrations in adult neutered female cats. J Endocrinol 2007; 194, 267–273.
Zaninovich AA. Hormonas tiroideas, obesidad y termogénesis en grasa parda. Medicina 2001; 61: 597-602.
Melián C. Diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo canino e hipertiroidismo felino. Vector plus: miscelánea científico - cultural 1999;13 : 4-18.
Lien YH, Wu TJ, Huang HP. Evaluation of A Point-of-Care Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Determination of Basal Serum Total Thyroxine Concentration in Cats. Journal of veterinary clinical sciences 2008; 1(3): 86-88.
Matamoros R, Gomez C, ANDAUR M. Hormonas de utilidad diagnóstica en Medicina Veterinaria. Arch Med Vet 2002; 34(2): 167-179.
Shiel RE, Mooney CT. Pruebas de hipertiroidismo en gatos. Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice 2007; 671-691.
Boretti FS, Sieber-Ruckstuhl NA, Gerber B, Laluha P, Baumgartner CC, Lutz H, et al. Thyroid enlargement and its relationship to clinicopathological parameters and T4 status in suspected hyperthyroid cats. J Fel Med Surg 2009; 11: 286-292.
Archer FJ, Taylor SM. Alkaline phosphatase bone isoenzyme and osteocalcin in the serum of hyperthyroid cats. Can Vet J 1996; 37: 735-739.
Harvey AM, Holt PE, Barr FJ, Rizzo F, Tasker S. Case report: Treatment and long-term follow-up of extrahepatic biliary obstruction with bilirubin cholelithiasis in a Somali cat with pyruvate kinase deficiency. J Feline Med Surg 2007; 9: 424-443.
Ferguson DC. Endocrine Disruptors: Should We be Concerned in Veterinary Medicine? Journal of the American Veterinary Medical. Boston, MA, USA; 2005.
Lécuyer M, Prini S, Dunn ME, Doucet MY. Clinical efficacy and safety of transdermal methimazole in the treatment of feline hyperthyroidism. Can Vet J 2006; 47(2): 131–135.
Ward CR, Windham WR, Dise D. Evaluation of activation of G proteins in response to thyroid stimulating hormone in thyroid. American Journal of Veterinary Research 2010; 71 (6):643-647.
Ferguson DC. The Effect of Stress on Thyroid Function and Diseases (and vice versa). 56th ACVP) and 40th ASVCP. Boston, MA, USA; 2005.
Behrend. Actualización de los fármacos utilizados para tratar enfermedades endocrinas en pequeños animales. Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice 2006; 36: 1087-1105.
Trepanier LA. Medical Management of Feline Hyperthyroidism. Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice 2006; 21(1): 22-28.
Hoffmann G, Marks SL, Taboada J, Hosgood GL, Wolfsheimer KJ. Transdermal methimazole treatment in cats with hyperthyroidism. J Feline Med Surg 2003; 5(2): 77-82.
Rudas P, Rónai Z, Bartha T. Thyroid hormone metabolism in the brain of domestic animals. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 2003; 29 (1): 88-96.
Adams WH, Daniel GB, Legendre AM. Investigation of the Effects of Hyperthyroidism on Renal Function in the Cat. Can J Vet Res 1997; 61: 53-56.
Zablith ACA. Tirotoxicose experimental em gatos: estudo ultra-sonográfico das alterações hepáticas e suas correlações com os níveis séricos das enzimas hepáticas, hormônios tiroideos e achados histológicos e citológicos. Vet e zootec 2012. 19. P.31-34.
Gallagher AE, Panciera DL. Effects and safety of iopanoic acid in cats administered levothyroxine. J Feline Med Surg 2009; 11: 69-75
Patnaik Ak. Feline anaplastic giant cell adenocarcinoma of the thyroid.Vet Pathol 1999; 16(6): 687-692.
Peterson ME. Radioiodine Treatment of Hyperthyroidism. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 2006; 21:34-39.
Harvey AM, Hibbert A , Barrett EL, Day MJ, Quiggin AV, Brannan RM, Caney SMA. Scintigraphic findings in 120 hyperthyroid cats. J Fel Med Surg 2009; 11(2): 96-106.
Kaplan E. Primary hyperparathyroidism and concurrent hyperthyroidism in a cat. Can Vet J 2002; 43:117–119.
Flanders JA. Surgical options for the treatment of hyperthyroidism in the cat. J Feline Med and Surg 1999; 127-134.
Birchard SJ. Thyroidectomy in the Cat. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 2006; 29-33.
Rayalam S, Eizenstat LD, Davis RR, Hoenig M, Ferguson DC. Expression and purification of feline thyrotropin (fTSH): Immunological detection and bioactivity of heterodimeric and yoked glycoproteins. Domestic Anim Endocrinol 2006; 30 (3): 185–202.
Mori da Cunha MG, Pippi NL, Gomes K, Beckmann DV. Hipertireoidismo felino. Ciencia rural 2008; 38 (5):1486-1494.
Nelson RW, Couto GC. Medicina interna de animales pequeños. 2da ed. Buenos aires-República Argentina: Intermédica; 2000.p. 766-777.
Mooney CT. The effects of non-thyroidal factors on tests of thyroid function. Small Animal Medicine and Feline Medicine Chapters 2010; 28-30.
Panciera DL. Manual of Small Animal Endocrinology. 2nd ed. United Kingdom: British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1998. p. 103- 113.
Patnaik AC, Lieberman PH. Feline Anaplastic Giant Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Thyroid. Vet Pathol 1979; 16: 687-692.
Merryman JI, Buckles EL, Bowers G, Neilsen NR. Overexpression of c-Ras in Hyperplasia and Adenomas of the Feline Thyroid Gland: An Immunohistochemical Analysis of 34 Cases. Vet Pathol 1999; 36:117–124.
Michael S. Clinical medicine of the Dog and Cat 2end edition. Londres, InglaterraS: Manson Publishing Ltd; 2003.p. 364-389.
Nguyen LQ, Arseven OK, Gerber H, Stein BS, Jameson JL, Kopp P. Cloning of the Cat TSH Receptor and Evidence Against an Autoimmune Etiology of Feline Hyperthyroidism. Endocrinology 2002; 143 (2): 395–402.
Schenck PA. Effect of diet on development of feline hyperthyroidism. Proceeding of the North American Veterinary Conference. Orlando, Florida. 2005. p. 608-610.
De Wet CS, Mooney CT, Thompson PN, Schoeman JP. Prevalence of and risk factors for feline hyperthyroidism in Hong Kong. J Feline Med Surg 2009; 11(4):315-321.
Martin KM, Rossing MA, Ryland LM, DiGiacomo RF, Freitag WA. Evaluation of dietary and environmental risk factors for hyperthyroidism in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000; 217(6):853-856.
Edinboro CH, Scott-Moncrieff JC, Janovitz E, Thacker HL, Glickman LT. Epidemiologic study of relationships between consumption of commercial canned food and risk of hyperthyroidism in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004; 224(6):879-886.
Kupryianchyk D, Hovander L, Jones B, Lindqvist NG, Eriksson N, Bergman A. Hyperthyroidism, a new disease in cats - Is it caused by exposure to environmental organic pollutants?. Organohalogen Compounds 2009; 71: 2720- 2725.
Cerundolo R, Michel KE, Reisner LR, Phillips L, Goldschmidt M, Court MH, et al. Evaluation of the effects of dietary soy phytoestrogens on canine health, steroidogenesis, thyroid function, behavior and skin and coat quality in a prospective controlled randomized trial. Am J Vet Res 2010; 70(3): 353–360.
Gunn-Moore D. Feline Endocrinopathies. Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice 2005; 35 (1):171–210.
Watson SG, Radford AD, Kipar A, Ibarrola P, Blackwood L. Somatic mutations of the thyroidstimulating hormone receptor gene in feline hyperthyroidism: parallels with human hyperthyroidism. J Endocrinol 2005; 186, 523–537.
Hans JP, Gerber H, Studer H, Becker DV, Mark E. Peterson. Autonomy of Growth and of Iodine Metabolism in Hyperthyroid Feline Goiters Transplanted onto Nude Mice. Am Soc Clin Invest 1987; 80: 491-498.
Van Hoek IM, Peremans K, Vandermeulen E. Effect of recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone on serum thyroxin and thyroid scintigraphy in euthyroid cats. J Feline Med Surg 2009; 11: 309-314.
Kratzsch J, Pulzer F. Thyroid gland development and defects. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2008; 22 (1): 57-75.Elwood CM, White RN, Freeman K, White M. Cholelithiasis and hyperthyroidism in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 2001; 3(4): 247-52.
Langston CE, Reine NJ. Hyperthyroidism and the Kidney. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 2006; 21(1): 17-21.
Daminet S. Renal function and feline hyperthyroidism: should we care?. European Veterinary Conference Voorjaarsdagen. Amsterdam, Netherlands 2008.
Brennan SF, Jones BR. Feline hyperthyroidism. EJCAP 2005; 15(2).
Schenck PA, Calcium Homeostasis in Thyroid Disease in Dogs and Cats. Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice 2007; 37 (4): 693-708.
Mayer-Roenne B, Goldstein RE, Erb HN. Urinary tract infections in cats with hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. J Feline Med Surg 2007; 9:124-132.
Ferguson DC. Thyroid Disease in Dogs and Cats. 56th ACVP and 40th ASVCP. Boston,USA; 2005.
Ferguson DC, Caffall Z, Hoenig M. Obesity increases free thyroxine proportionally to nonesterified fatty acid concentrations in adult neutered female cats. J Endocrinol 2007; 194, 267–273.
Zaninovich AA. Hormonas tiroideas, obesidad y termogénesis en grasa parda. Medicina 2001; 61: 597-602.
Melián C. Diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo canino e hipertiroidismo felino. Vector plus: miscelánea científico - cultural 1999;13 : 4-18.
Lien YH, Wu TJ, Huang HP. Evaluation of A Point-of-Care Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Determination of Basal Serum Total Thyroxine Concentration in Cats. Journal of veterinary clinical sciences 2008; 1(3): 86-88.
Matamoros R, Gomez C, ANDAUR M. Hormonas de utilidad diagnóstica en Medicina Veterinaria. Arch Med Vet 2002; 34(2): 167-179.
Shiel RE, Mooney CT. Pruebas de hipertiroidismo en gatos. Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice 2007; 671-691.
Boretti FS, Sieber-Ruckstuhl NA, Gerber B, Laluha P, Baumgartner CC, Lutz H, et al. Thyroid enlargement and its relationship to clinicopathological parameters and T4 status in suspected hyperthyroid cats. J Fel Med Surg 2009; 11: 286-292.
Archer FJ, Taylor SM. Alkaline phosphatase bone isoenzyme and osteocalcin in the serum of hyperthyroid cats. Can Vet J 1996; 37: 735-739.
Harvey AM, Holt PE, Barr FJ, Rizzo F, Tasker S. Case report: Treatment and long-term follow-up of extrahepatic biliary obstruction with bilirubin cholelithiasis in a Somali cat with pyruvate kinase deficiency. J Feline Med Surg 2007; 9: 424-443.
Ferguson DC. Endocrine Disruptors: Should We be Concerned in Veterinary Medicine? Journal of the American Veterinary Medical. Boston, MA, USA; 2005.
Lécuyer M, Prini S, Dunn ME, Doucet MY. Clinical efficacy and safety of transdermal methimazole in the treatment of feline hyperthyroidism. Can Vet J 2006; 47(2): 131–135.
Ward CR, Windham WR, Dise D. Evaluation of activation of G proteins in response to thyroid stimulating hormone in thyroid. American Journal of Veterinary Research 2010; 71 (6):643-647.
Ferguson DC. The Effect of Stress on Thyroid Function and Diseases (and vice versa). 56th ACVP) and 40th ASVCP. Boston, MA, USA; 2005.
Behrend. Actualización de los fármacos utilizados para tratar enfermedades endocrinas en pequeños animales. Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice 2006; 36: 1087-1105.
Trepanier LA. Medical Management of Feline Hyperthyroidism. Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice 2006; 21(1): 22-28.
Hoffmann G, Marks SL, Taboada J, Hosgood GL, Wolfsheimer KJ. Transdermal methimazole treatment in cats with hyperthyroidism. J Feline Med Surg 2003; 5(2): 77-82.
Rudas P, Rónai Z, Bartha T. Thyroid hormone metabolism in the brain of domestic animals. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 2003; 29 (1): 88-96.
Adams WH, Daniel GB, Legendre AM. Investigation of the Effects of Hyperthyroidism on Renal Function in the Cat. Can J Vet Res 1997; 61: 53-56.
Zablith ACA. Tirotoxicose experimental em gatos: estudo ultra-sonográfico das alterações hepáticas e suas correlações com os níveis séricos das enzimas hepáticas, hormônios tiroideos e achados histológicos e citológicos. Vet e zootec 2012. 19. P.31-34.
Gallagher AE, Panciera DL. Effects and safety of iopanoic acid in cats administered levothyroxine. J Feline Med Surg 2009; 11: 69-75
Patnaik Ak. Feline anaplastic giant cell adenocarcinoma of the thyroid.Vet Pathol 1999; 16(6): 687-692.
Peterson ME. Radioiodine Treatment of Hyperthyroidism. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 2006; 21:34-39.
Harvey AM, Hibbert A , Barrett EL, Day MJ, Quiggin AV, Brannan RM, Caney SMA. Scintigraphic findings in 120 hyperthyroid cats. J Fel Med Surg 2009; 11(2): 96-106.
Kaplan E. Primary hyperparathyroidism and concurrent hyperthyroidism in a cat. Can Vet J 2002; 43:117–119.
Flanders JA. Surgical options for the treatment of hyperthyroidism in the cat. J Feline Med and Surg 1999; 127-134.
Birchard SJ. Thyroidectomy in the Cat. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 2006; 29-33.
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