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Fecha Publicación: 2012-06-22
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Franco, J., & Uribe Velásquez, L. F. (2012). Hormonas reproductivas de importancia veterinaria en hembras domésticas rumiantes. Biosalud, 11(1), 41–56. Recuperado a partir de https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/biosalud/article/view/4730
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En el presente trabajo se revisan las principales hormonas reproductivas en hembras domésticas rumiantes, considerando sus características e interacciones, además de los métodos de determinación y las concentraciones que se reportan de cada una de dichas hormonas, durante las diferentes fases del ciclo estral. El eje hipotálamo-pituitario-ovárico controla la actividad reproductiva, principalmente, a través de las interacciones entre la Hormona Folículo Estimulante (FSH), la Hormona Luteinizante (LH), el Estradiol (E2) y la Progesterona (P4). Durante la fase folicular, las gonadotropinas estimulan el desarrollo de los folículos, promoviendo la proliferación de las células de la granulosa por parte de la FSH; su pico está asociado al surgimiento de la onda folicular, después de la cual decrece la concentración plasmática de FSH, y da inicio a la desviación folicular. Esto permite al folículo dominante expresar receptores para la LH, además de producir inhibina y E2. El alto nivel circulante de E2 induce la liberación de la Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropinas (GnRH) desde el hipotálamo, resultando en un pico de LH, de amplitud y frecuencia suficiente para estimular la maduración final del folículo y la posterior ovulación. Las altas concentraciones de E2 influyen también sobre la presentación de los cambios fisiológicos y comportamentales durante el estro. La fase luteal está caracterizada por el predominio de la P4, cuya concentración se relaciona con el desarrollo del cuerpo lúteo. Esta hormona es indispensable para el reconocimiento y mantenimiento de la preñez y sus perfiles pueden llegar a determinar si existe la predisposición de un animal a sufrir pérdidas embrionarias tempranas. Se considera que los incrementos o disminuciones en las concentraciones séricas de cada hormona marcan cambios en las fases del ciclo estral, y es fundamental conocer la actividad de dichas hormonas mediante la determinación de su concentración sanguínea normal para cada una de las etapas reproductivas.
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Webb R, Garnsworthy PC, Gong JG, Armstrong DG. Control of follicular growth: local interactions and nutritional influences. J Anim Sci 2004; 82E-Suppl: E63-E74.
De Santiago-Miramontes MA, Malpaux B, Delgadillo JA. Body condition is associated with a shorter breeding season and reduced ovulation rate in subtropical goats. Anim Reprod Sci 2009; 114:175-82.
Zarazaga LA, Gatica MC, Celi I, Guzmán JL, Malpaux B. Artificial long days and daily contact with bucks induce ovarian but not oestrous activity during the non-breeding season in Mediterranean goat females. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 125:81-7.
Quirk SM, Cowan G, Harman RM, Hu CL, Porter DA. Ovarian follicular growth and atresia: the relationship between cell proliferation and survival. J Anim Sci 2004; 82E-Suppl: E40-E52.
Berisha B, Schams D. Ovarian function in ruminants. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2005; 29: 305-17.
Adams GP, Jaiswal R, Singh J, Malhi P. Progress in understanding ovarian follicular dynamics in cattle. Theriogenology 2008; 69: 72-80.
Salvetti NR, Stangaferro ML, Palomar MM, Alfaro NS, Rey F, Gimeno EJ, et al. Cell proliferation and survival mechanisms underlying the abnormal persistence of follicular cysts in bovines with cystic ovarian disease induced by ACTH. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 122:98-110.
Spencer TE, Burghardt RC, Johnson GA, Bazer FW. Conceptus signals for establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Anim Reprod Sci 2004; 82-83:537-50.
Basu A, Shrivastav TG, Maitra SK. A direct antigen heterologous enzyme immunoassay for measuring progesterone in serum without using displacer. Steroids 2006; 71:222-30.
Igwebuike UM. A review of uterine structural modifications that influence conceptus implantation and development in sheep and goats. Anim Reprod Sci 2009; 112:1-7.
Peter AT, Levine H, Drost M, Bergfelt DR. Compilation of classical and contemporary terminology used to describe morphological aspects of ovarian dynamics in cattle. Theriogenology 2009; 71; 1343-57.
Roelofs J, López-Gatius F, Hunter RHF, Van Eerdenburg FJCM, Hanzen C. When is a cow in estrus? Clinical and practical aspects. Theriogenology 2010; 74:327-44.
Bernard DJ, Fortin J, Wang Y, Lamba P. Mechanisms of FSH synthesis: what we know, what we don’t, and why you should care. Fertil Steril 2010; 93:2465-85.
Kaiser UB. Gonadotropin Hormones. En: Shlomo M, ed. The Pituitary. Londres: ELSEVIER Inc; 2011. p. 205-260.
Bartlewski PM, Beard AP, Rawlings NC. An ultrasound-aided study of temporal relationships between the patterns of LH/FSH secretion, development of ovulatory-sized antral follicles and formation of corpora lutea in ewes. Theriogenology 2000; 54:229-45.
Zeleznik AJ. The physiology of follicle selection. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2004; 2:31.
Toosi BM, Seekallu SV, Barrett DMW, Davies KL, Duggavathi R, Bagu ET, et al. Characteristics of peaks in serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol, and follicular wave dynamics during the interovulatory interval in cyclic ewes. Theriogenology 2010; 73:1192-201.
Seekallu SV, Toosi BM, Duggavathi R, Barrett DMW, Davies KL, Waldner C, et al. Ovarian antral follicular dynamics in sheep revisited: comparison among estrous cycles with three or four follicular waves. Theriogenology 2010; 73: 670-80.
Ginther OJ, Beg MA, Bergfelt DR, Donadeu FX, Kot K. Follicle Selection in Monovular Species. Biol Reprod 2001; 65:638-47.
Butler ST, Pelton SH, Knight PG, Butler WR. Follicle-stimulating hormone isoforms and plasma concentrations of estradiol and inhibin A in dairy cows with ovulatory and non-ovulatory follicles during the first postpartum follicle wave. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2008; 35:112-9.
Forde N, Beltman ME, Lonergan P, Diskin M, Roche JF, Crowe MA. Oestrous cycles in Bos taurus cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 124:163-9.
Suganuma C, Kuroiwa T, Tanaka T, Kamomae H. Changes in the ovarian dynamics and endocrine profiles in goats treated with a progesterone antagonist during the early luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Anim Reprod Sci 2007; 101:285-94.
Buratini J, Price C, Visintin JA, Bo GA. Effects of dominant follicle aspiration and treatment with recombinant bovine somatotropin (BST) on ovarian follicular development in Nelore (Bos indicus) heifers. Theriogenology 2000; 54(3):421-31.
Castilho C, Garcia JM, Renesto A, Nogueira GP, Brito LFC. Follicular dynamics and plasma FSH and progesterone concentrations during follicular deviation in the first post-ovulatory wave in Nelore (Bos indicus) heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2007; 98:189-96.
Kulick LJ, Kot K, Wiltbank MC, Ginther OJ. Follicular and hormonal dynamics during the first follicular wave in heifers. Theriogenology 1999; 52:913-21.
Lane E, Sweeney T, Ryan M, Roche JF, Crowe M. Relationship between serum gonadotropins and pituitary immunoreactive gonadotropins and steroid receptors during the first FSH increase of the estrous cycle and following steroid treatment in heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2009; 112:66-82.
Ginther OJ, Wiltbank MC, Fricke PM, Gibbons JR, Kot K. Selection of the Dominant Follicle in Cattle. Biol Reprod 1996; 55:1187-94.
Beg MA, Ginther OJ. Follicle selection in cattle and horses: role of intrafollicular factors. Reproduction 2006; 132: 365-77.
Duggavathi R, Bartlewski PM, Barrett DMW, Rawlings NC. The temporal relationship between patterns of LH and FSH secretion, and development of ovulatory-sized follicles during the mid- to late-luteal phase of sheep. Theriogenology 2005; 64:393-407.
Uribe-Velásquez LF, Souza MIL, Correa-Orozco A. Efecto de las altas concentraciones de progesterona durante la fase luteal temprana sobre la secreción de LH y estradiol en ovejas. Rev Vet Zoot 2011 (en prensa).
Bartlewski PM, Baby TE, Giffin JL. Reproductive cycles in sheep. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 12:259-68.
Sartori R, Barros CM. Reproductive cycles in Bos indicus cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 124: 244-50.
Fatet A, Pellicer-Rubio MT, Leboeuf B. Reproductive cycle of goats. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 124:211-219.
Seekallu SV, Toosi BM, Zeigler A, Rawlings NC. Effects of estradiol and progesterone on circulating LH and FSH secretion, and ovarian antral follicle growth in anestrous ewes. Small Rumin Res 2010b; 91:178-85.
Rawlins NC, Cook SJ. LH secretion around the time of the preovulatory gonadotrophin surge in the ewe. Anim Reprod Sci 1993; 30(4):289-99.
Uribe-Velásquez LF, Oba E, Souza MIL. Efeitos da progesterona exógena sobre o desenvolvimento folicular em ovelhas. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec 2008a; 60(1):58-65.
Leyva-Ocariz H. Serum LH, FSH, estradiol-17β and progesterone profiles of native and crossbred goats in a tropical semiarid zone of Venezuela during the estrous cycle. Anim Reprod Sci 1995; 39:49-58.
Hawken PAR, Esmaili T, Jorre de St Jorre T, Martin GB. Do cyclic female goats respond to males with an increase in LH secretion during the breeding season? Anim Reprod Sci 2009; 112: 384-9.
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