pdf
FLIP
Cómo citar
Zapata, S. ., & Moneriz, C. . (2016). Avances científicos en las estrategias terapéuticas contra la enfermedad por virus del ébola. Biosalud, 15(2), 87–105. https://doi.org/10.17151/biosa.2016.15.2.9
Más formatos de cita
Autores/as
Resumen
La enfermedad por el virus del Ébola se conoce desde hace treinta años como mortal, contagiosa y de difícil diagnóstico y tratamiento. Numerosos estudios se han realizado para comprender la patogénesis del virus y con ello los posibles tratamientos que puedan generar control de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, no hay hasta la fecha un fármaco o vacuna con licencia para combatir el virus del Ébola. El tratamiento está basado solo en aliviar los síntomas y prevenir el contagio por medio de acciones que ayuden a minimizar el riesgo de infección. En esta revisión, se presentan las diferentes perspectivas del estado actual de la investigación sobre fármacos antivirales y vacunas en fases de desarrollo para la infección del virus del Ébola.
Palabras clave:
Citas
1. Mahanty S, Bray M. Pathogenesis of filoviral haemorrhagic fevers. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004 Aug; 4(8):487-98.
2. Ramanan P, Shabman RS, Brown CS, Amarasinghe GK, Basler CF, Leung DW. Filoviral immune evasion mechanisms. Viruses. 2011 Sep; 3(9):1634-49.
3. Mohan GS, Li W, Ye L, Compans RW, Yang C. Antigenic subversion: a novel mechanism of host immune evasion by Ebola virus. PLoS Pathog. 2012; 8(12):e1003065.
4. Formenty P. Chapter 9 – Ebola Virus Disease. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014:121–34.
5. Miller K, College K. Infection Mechanism of Genus Ebolavirus. 2010 [updated 2010 26 Octubre 2014; cited 2015 10 Abril]; Available from: https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Infection_Mechanism_of_Genus_Ebolavirus.
6. Kortepeter MG, Bausch DG, Bray M. Basic clinical and laboratory features of filoviral hemorrhagic fever. J Infect Dis. 2011 Nov; 204 Suppl 3:S810-6.
7. Kendall RE, Gosser RA, Schulz LT, Trapskin PJ. Anti-diarrheal medication use in the treatment of Ebola virus-induced diarrhea. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2015; 13(2): 205–6.
8. White JM, Schornberg KL. A new player in the puzzle of filovirus entry. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012 May; 10(5):317-22.
9. Gehring G, Rohrmann K, Atenchong N, Mittler E, Becker S, Dahlmann F, et al. The clinically approved drugs amiodarone, dronedarone and verapamil inhibit filovirus cell entry. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014 Aug; 69(8):2123-31.
10. Nina J. Ebolavirosis: a 2014 review for clinicians. Acta Med Port. 2014 Sep-Oct; 27(5):625-33.
11. Geisbert TW, Pushko P, Anderson K, Smith J, Davis KJ, Jahrling PB. Evaluation in nonhuman primates of vaccines against Ebola virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 May; 8(5):503-7.
12. de Wit E, Feldmann H, Munster VJ. Tackling Ebola: new insights into prophylactic and therapeutic intervention strategies. Genome Med. 2011; 3(1):5.
13. WHO. Experimental Ebola vaccines. 2014 [updated 2014 01 Octubre 2014; cited 2015 20 de Marzo]; Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/ebola/01-october-2014/en/.
14. Li H, Ying T, Yu F, Lu L, Jiang S. Development of therapeutics for treatment of Ebola virus infection. Microbes Infect. 2015 Feb; 17(2):109-17.
15. Yen JY, Garamszegi S, Geisbert JB, Rubins KH, Geisbert TW, Honko A, et al. Therapeutics of Ebola hemorrhagic fever: whole-genome transcriptional analysis of successful disease mitigation. J Infect Dis. 2011 Nov; 204 Suppl 3:S1043-52.
16. (FDA) FaDA. FDA Drug Safety Communication: Voluntary market withdrawal of Xigris [drotrecogin alfa (activated)] due to failure to show a survival benefit. 2011 [updated 2011 10/25/2011 cited 2015 26 March]; Available from: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm277114.htm.
17. Hensley LE, Stevens EL, Yan SB, Geisbert JB, Macias WL, Larsen T, et al. Recombinant human activated protein C for the postexposure treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. J Infect Dis. 2007 Nov 15;196 Suppl 2:S390-9.
18. Bergum PW, Cruikshank A, Maki SL, Kelly CR, Ruf W, Vlasuk GP. Role of zymogen and activated factor X as scaffolds for the inhibition of the blood coagulation factor VIIa-tissue factor complex by recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2. J Biol Chem. 2001 Mar 30;276(13):10063-71.
19. Lee AY, Vlasuk GP. Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 and other inhibitors targeting blood coagulation factor VIIa/tissue factor. J Intern Med. 2003 Oct;254(4):313-21.
20. Geisbert TW, Hensley LE, Jahrling PB, Larsen T, Geisbert JB, Paragas J, et al. Treatment of Ebola virus infection with a recombinant inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor: a study in rhesus monkeys. Lancet. 2003 Dec 13;362(9400):1953-8.
21. Warfield KL, Swenson DL, Olinger GG, Nichols DK, Pratt WD, Blouch R, et al. Gene-specific countermeasures against Ebola virus based on antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers. PLoS Pathog. 2006 Jan;2(1):e1.
22. Warren TK, Whitehouse CA, Wells J, Welch L, Heald AE, Charleston JS, et al. A single phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer targeting VP24 protects rhesus monkeys against lethal Ebola virus infection. MBio. 2015;6(1).
23. Swenson DL, Warfield KL, Warren TK, Lovejoy C, Hassinger JN, Ruthel G, et al. Chemical modifications of antisense morpholino oligomers enhance their efficacy against Ebola virus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 May;53(5):2089-99.
24. Kimberlin CR, Bornholdt ZA, Li S, Woods VL, Jr., MacRae IJ, Saphire EO. Ebolavirus VP35 uses a bimodal strategy to bind dsRNA for innate immune suppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jan 5;107(1):314-9.
25. McCarthy M. FDA allows second experimental drug to be tested in Ebola patients. BMJ. 2014;349:g5103. 26. Geisbert TW, Lee AC, Robbins M, Geisbert JB, Honko AN, Sood V, et al. Postexposure protection of non-human primates against a lethal Ebola virus challenge with RNA interference: a proof-of-concept study. Lancet. 2010 May 29;375(9729):1896-905.
27. Chiang PK, Gordon RK, Tal J, Zeng GC, Doctor BP, Pardhasaradhi K, et al. S-Adenosylmethionine and methylation. FASEB J. 1996 Mar;10(4):471-80.
28. Bray M, Driscoll J, Huggins JW. Treatment of lethal Ebola virus infection in mice with a single dose of an S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase inhibitor. Antiviral Res. 2000 Feb;45(2):135-47.
29. Montgomery JA, Clayton SJ, Thomas HJ, Shannon WM, Arnett G, Bodner AJ, et al. Carbocyclic analogue of 3-deazaadenosine: a novel antiviral agent using S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase as
a pharmacological target. J Med Chem. 1982 Jun;25(6):626-9.
30. Glazer RI, Knode MC, Tseng CK, Haines DR, Márquez VE. 3-Deazaneplanocin A: a new inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine synthesis and its effects in human colon carcinoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol.1986 Dec 15;35(24):4523-7.
31. Bray M, Raymond JL, Geisbert T, Baker RO. 3-deazaneplanocin A induces massively increased interferon-alpha production in Ebola virus-infected mice. Antiviral Res. 2002 Jul;55(1):151-9.
32. Warren TK, Wells J, Panchal RG, Stuthman KS, Garza NL, van Tongeren SA, et al. Protection against filovirus diseases by a novel broad-spectrum nucleoside analogue BCX4430. Nature. 2014 Apr 17;508(7496):402-5.
33. Hart GJ, Orr DC, Penn CR, Figueiredo HT, Gray NM, Boehme RE, et al. Effects of (-)-2’-deoxy-3’- thiacytidine (3TC) 5’-triphosphate on human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and mammalian DNA polymerases alpha, beta, and gamma. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992 Aug;36(8):1688-94.
34. Hensley LE, Dyall J, Olinger GG, Jr., Jahrling PB. Lack of effect of lamivudine on Ebola virus replication. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 Mar;21(3):550-2.
35. Kim S, Kim MJ, Park DY, Chung HJ, Kim CH, Yoon JH, et al. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species modulate innate immune response to influenza A virus in human nasal epithelium. Antiviral Res. 2015 Apr 28.
36. Panchal RG, Reid SP, Tran JP, Bergeron AA, Wells J, Kota KP, et al. Identification of an antioxidant small-molecule with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Antiviral Res. 2012 Jan;93(1):23-9.
37. Kinch MS, Yunus AS, Lear C, Mao H, Chen H, Fesseha Z, et al. FGI-104: a broad-spectrum small molecule inhibitor of viral infection. Am J Transl Res. 2009;1(1):87-98.
38. Warren TK, Warfield KL, Wells J, Enterlein S, Smith M, Ruthel G, et al. Antiviral activity of a smallmolecule inhibitor of filovirus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 May;54(5):2152-9.
39. Aman MJ, Kinch MS, Warfield K, Warren T, Yunus A, Enterlein S, et al. Development of a broadspectrum antiviral with activity against Ebola virus. Antiviral Res. 2009 Sep;83(3):245-51.
40. Oestereich L, Ludtke A, Wurr S, Rieger T, Munoz-Fontela C, Gunther S. Successful treatment of advanced Ebola virus infection with T-705 (favipiravir) in a small animal model. Antiviral Res. 2014 May;105:17-21.
41. Nagata T, Lefor AK, Hasegawa M, Ishii M. Favipiravir: a new medication for the Ebola virus disease pandemic. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2014 Feb;9(1):79-81.
42. Bouazza N, Treluyer JM, Foissac F, Mentre F, Taburet AM, Guedj J, et al. Favipiravir for children with Ebola. Lancet. 2015 Feb 14;385(9968):603-4.
43. Florescu DF, Keck MA. Development of CMX001 (Brincidofovir) for the treatment of serious diseases or conditions caused by dsDNA viruses. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2014 Oct;12(10):1171-8.
44. Schepers JT. Chimerix’s Brincidofovir Has in Vitro Activity Against Ebola. 2014 [updated 2014 03 Septiembre 2014; cited 2015 11 Mayo]; Available from: http://ir.chimerix.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=868807.
45. Schepers JT. Chimerix Announces Emergency Investigational New Drug Applications for Brincidofovir Authorized by FDA for Patients With Ebola Virus Disease. 2014 [updated 2014 06 Octubre 2014; cited 2015 11 Mayo]; Available from: http://ir.chimerix.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=874647.
46. Giahyue JH. Médicos comienzan ensayos de fármacos no probados contra el ébola en África Occidental.Thomson Reuters. 2015.
47. Shah PP, Wang T, Kaletsky RL, Myers MC, Purvis JE, Jing H, et al. A small-molecule oxocarbazate inhibitor of human cathepsin L blocks severe acute respiratory syndrome and ebola pseudotype virus infection into human embryonic kidney 293T cells. Mol Pharmacol. 2010 Aug;78(2):319-24.
48. Gnirss K, Kuhl A, Karsten C, Glowacka I, Bertram S, Kaup F, et al. Cathepsins B and L activate Ebola but not Marburg virus glycoproteins for efficient entry into cell lines and macrophages independent of TMPRSS2 expression. Virology. 2012 Mar 1; 424(1):3-10.
49. Mupapa K, Massamba M, Kibadi K, Kuvula K, Bwaka A, Kipasa M, et al. Treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever with blood transfusions from convalescent patients. International Scientific and Technical Committee. J Infect Dis. 1999 Feb;179 Suppl 1:S18-23.
50. OMS. Tratamientos experimentales: aumenta el interés en el uso de sangre entera o plasma obtenidos de personas que se han recuperado de la enfermedad por el virus del Ébola (tratamientos con productos obtenidos de convalecientes). 2014 [updated 2014 26 Sep 2014; cited 2015 11 May]; Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/ebola/26-september-2014/es/.
51. Olinger GG, Jr., Pettitt J, Kim D, Working C, Bohorov O, Bratcher B, et al. Delayed treatment of Ebola virus infection with plant-derived monoclonal antibodies provides protection in rhesus macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Oct 30;109(44):18030-5.
52. Audet J, Wong G, Wang H, Lu G, Gao GF, Kobinger G, et al. Molecular characterization of the monoclonal antibodies composing ZMAb: a protective cocktail against Ebola virus. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6881.
53. Qiu X, Wong G, Audet J, Bello A, Fernando L, Alimonti JB, et al. Reversion of advanced Ebola virus disease in nonhuman primates with ZMapp. Nature. 2014 Oct 2;514(7520):47-53.
54. Qiu X, Audet J, Wong G, Pillet S, Bello A, Cabral T, et al. Successful treatment of ebola virus-infected cynomolgus macaques with monoclonal antibodies. Sci Transl Med. 2012 Jun 13;4
(138):138ra81.
55. ClinicalTrials.gov. Putative Investigational Therapeutics in the Treatment of Patients With Known Ebola Infection. 2015 [updated 2015 13 Feb 2015; cited 2015 11 May]; Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02363322?term=ebola&rank=11.
56. Lee JE, Fusco ML, Hessell AJ, Oswald WB, Burton DR, Saphire EO. Structure of the Ebola virus glycoprotein bound to an antibody from a human survivor. Nature. 2008 Jul 10;454(7201):177-82.
57. Sullivan NJ, Hensley L, Asiedu C, Geisbert TW, Stanley D, Johnson J, et al. CD8+ cellular immunity mediates rAd5 vaccine protection against Ebola virus infection of nonhuman primates. Nat Med. 2008 Sep;17(9):1128-31.
58. Tully CM, Lambe T, Gilbert SC, Hill AV. Corrections. Emergency Ebola response: a new approach to the rapid design and development of vaccines against emerging diseases. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015 Mar;15(3):263.
59. ClinicalTrials.gov. A Study to Assess New Ebola Vaccines, cAd3-EBO Z and MVA-BN® Filo. 2014 [updated 2014 29 Jan 2015; cited 2015 08 Abr]; Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02240875.
60. ClinicalTrials.gov. Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of the Ebola Chimpanzee Adenovirus Vector Vaccine (cAd3-EBO), VRC-EBOADC069-00-VP, in Healthy Adults. 2014 [updated 2014 09 Dec 2014; cited 2015 08 Abr]; Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02231866.
61. Feldmann H, Jones SM, Daddario-DiCaprio KM, Geisbert JB, Stroher U, Grolla A, et al. Effective postexposure treatment of Ebola infection. PLoS Pathog. 2007 Jan;3(1):e2.
62. Tsuda Y, Safronetz D, Brown K, LaCasse R, Marzi A, Ebihara H, et al. Protective efficacy of a bivalent recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine in the Syrian hamster model of lethal Ebola virus infection. J Infect Dis. 2011 Nov;204 Suppl 3:S1090-7.
63. Geisbert TW, Daddario-Dicaprio KM, Geisbert JB, Reed DS, Feldmann F, Grolla A, et al. Vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccines protect nonhuman primates against aerosol challenge with Ebola and Marburg viruses. Vaccine. 2008 Dec 9;26(52):6894-900.
64. Geisbert TW, Daddario-DiCaprio KM, Williams KJ, Geisbert JB, Leung A, Feldmann F, et al. Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector mediates postexposure protection against Sudan Ebola hemorrhagic fever in nonhuman primates. J Virol. 2008 Jun;82(11):5664-8.
65. Mire CE, Geisbert JB, Marzi A, Agans KN, Feldmann H, Geisbert TW. Vesicular stomatitis virusbased vaccines protect nonhuman primates against Bundibugyo ebolavirus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(12):e2600.
66. Fauci. AS. NIAID Recognizes Significant Milestone in Ebola Vaccine Study. 2015 [updated 2015 07 Mayo 2015; cited 2015 09 Mayo]; Available from: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/news/newsreleases/2015/Pages/PREVAILenrollment.aspx
67. Prevention CfDCa. Sierra Leone Trial to Introduce a Vaccine against Ebola (STRIVE). 2015 [updated 2015 14 Abril 2015; cited 2015 11 Mayo]; Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/strive/index.html.
68. Bukreyev A, Rollin PE, Tate MK, Yang L, Zaki SR, Shieh WJ, et al. Successful topical respiratory tract immunization of primates against Ebola virus. J Virol. 2007 Jun;81(12):6379-88.
69. Warfield KL, Swenson DL, Olinger GG, Kalina WV, Aman MJ, Bavari S. Ebola virus-like particle-based vaccine protects nonhuman primates against lethal Ebola virus challenge. J Infect Dis. 2007 Nov 15;196 Suppl 2:S430-7.
70. Lee A, Agnelli G, Buller H, Ginsberg J, Heit J, Rote W, et al. Dose-response study of recombinant factor VIIa/tissue factor inhibitor recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 in prevention of postoperative venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing total knee replacement. Circulation. 2001 Jul 3;104(1):74-8.
71. Fomivirsen approved for CMV retinitis: first antisense drug. AIDS Treat News. 1998 Sep 4(302):7.
72. Group TVS. A randomized controlled clinical trial of intravitreous fomivirsen for treatment of newly diagnosed peripheral cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002 Apr;133(4):467-74.
73. Schultheis B, Strumberg D, Santel A, Vank C, Gebhardt F, Keil O, et al. First-in-human phase I study of the liposomal RNA interference therapeutic Atu027 in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Dec 20;32(36):4141-8.
74. Geisbert TW, Hensley LE, Kagan E, Yu EZ, Geisbert JB, Daddario-DiCaprio K, et al. Postexposure protection of guinea pigs against a lethal ebola virus challenge is conferred by RNA interference. J Infect Dis. 2006 Jun 15;193(12):1650-7.
75. WHO. WHO Ebola MeetingBCX4430 Novel Broad-spectrum Direct-Acting Nucleoside Analogue IM or IV Administration. 2014 [updated 2014 4-5 Sectiembre 2014; cited 2015 08 Abril]; Available from: http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/BCRX/0x0x779657/C0CA2634-C2D6-4875-9CBD-E5F4DC5D6899/BCX4430%20summary%20slides%20WHO%20August%2029%202014%20FINAL.pdf.
76. Smither SJ, Eastaugh LS, Steward JA, Nelson M, Lenk RP, Lever MS. Post-exposure efficacy of oral T-705 (Favipiravir) against inhalational Ebola virus infection in a mouse model. Antiviral Res. 2014 Apr;104:153-5.
77. Furuta Y, Gowen BB, Takahashi K, Shiraki K, Smee DF, Barnard DL. Favipiravir (T-705), a novel viral RNA polymerase inhibitor. Antiviral Res. 2013 Nov;100(2):446-54.
78. Bishop BM. Potential and emerging treatment options for Ebola virus disease. Ann Pharmacother. 2014 Feb;49(2):196-206.
79. ClinicalTrials.gov. An Open-Label, Multicenter Study of the Safety and Anti Viral Activity of Brincidofovir (BCV, CMX001) for Ebola Virus Disease. 2014 [updated 2014; cited 2015 08 Abril]; Available from: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT0227-1347
80. Parren PW, Geisbert TW, Maruyama T, Jahrling PB, Burton DR. Pre- and postexposure prophylaxis of Ebola virus infection in an animal model by passive transfer of a neutralizing human antibody. J Virol. 2002 Jun;76(12):6408-12.
81. Oswald WB, Geisbert TW, Davis KJ, Geisbert JB, Sullivan NJ, Jahrling PB, et al. Neutralizing antibody fails to impact the course of Ebola virus infection in monkeys. PLoS Pathog. 2007 Jan;3(1):e9.
82. Qiu X, Fernando L, Melito PL, Audet J, Feldmann H, Kobinger G, et al. Ebola GP-specific monoclonal antibodies protect mice and guinea pigs from lethal Ebola virus infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(3):e1575.
83. Shedlock DJ, Bailey MA, Popernack PM, Cunningham JM, Burton DR, Sullivan NJ. Antibody-mediated neutralization of Ebola virus can occur by two distinct mechanisms. Virology. 2010 Jun 5;401(2):228-35.
84. Pratt WD, Wang D, Nichols DK, Luo M, Woraratanadharm J, Dye JM, et al. Protection of nonhuman primates against two species of Ebola virus infection with a single complex adenovirus vector. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010 Apr;17(4):572-81.
85. Ledgerwood JE, DeZure AD, Stanley DA, Novik L, Enama ME, Berkowitz NM, et al. Chimpanzee Adenovirus Vector Ebola Vaccine - Preliminary Report. N Engl J Med. 2014 Nov 26.
86. Rampling T, Ewer K, Bowyer G, Wright D, Imoukhuede EB, Payne R, et al. A Monovalent Chimpanzee Adenovirus Ebola Vaccine - Preliminary Report. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jan 28.
87. Ledgerwood JE, Costner P, Desai N, Holman L, Enama ME, Yamshchikov G, et al. A replication defective recombinant Ad5 vaccine expressing Ebola virus GP is safe and immunogenic in healthy adults. Vaccine. 2010 Dec 16;29(2):304-13.
88. Sullivan NJ, Geisbert TW, Geisbert JB, Xu L, Yang ZY, Roederer M, et al. Accelerated vaccination for Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever in non-human primates. Nature. 2003 Aug 7;424(6949):681-4.
89. Richardson JS, Abou MC, Tran KN, Kumar A, Sahai BM, Kobinger GP. Impact of systemic or mucosal immunity to adenovirus on Ad-based Ebola virus vaccine efficacy in guinea pigs. J Infect Dis. 2011 Nov;204 Suppl 3:S1032-42.
90. Zhu FC, Hou LH, Li JX, Wu SP, Liu P, Zhang GR, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a novel recombinant adenovirus type-5 vector-based Ebola vaccine in healthy adults in China: preliminary report of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial. Lancet. 2015 Mar 24.
91. Martin JE, Sullivan NJ, Enama ME, Gordon IJ, Roederer M, Koup RA, et al. A DNA vaccine for Ebola virus is safe and immunogenic in a phase I clinical trial. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2006 Nov;13(11):1267-77.
92. Dery M, Bausch DG. A DNA vaccine for the prevention of Ebola virus infection. Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2008 Jun;10(3):285-93.
93. Hensley LE, Mulangu S, Asiedu C, Johnson J, Honko AN, Stanley D, et al. Demonstration of crossprotective vaccine immunity against an emerging pathogenic Ebolavirus Species. PLoS Pathog. 2010 May;6(5):e1000904.
94. Sullivan NJ, Sanchez A, Rollin PE, Yang ZY, Nabel GJ. Development of a preventive vaccine for Ebola virus infection in primates. Nature. 2000 Nov 30;408(6812):605-9.
95. Geisbert TW, Bailey M, Geisbert JB, Asiedu C, Roederer M, Grazia-Pau M, et al. Vector choice determines immunogenicity and potency of genetic vaccines against Angola Marburg virus in nonhuman primates. J Virol. 2010 Oct;84:10386-94.
96. Jones SM, Feldmann H, Stroher U, Geisbert JB, Fernando L, Grolla A, et al. Live attenuated recombinant vaccine protects nonhuman primates against Ebola and Marburg viruses. Nat Med. 2005 Jul;11(7):786- 90.
97. Qiu X, Fernando L, Alimonti JB, Melito PL, Feldmann F, Dick D, et al. Mucosal immunization of cynomolgus macaques with the VSVDeltaG/ZEBOVGP vaccine stimulates strong ebola GP-specific immune responses. PLoS One. 2009;4(5):e5547.
98. Mullard A. Experimental Ebola drugs enter the limelight. Lancet. 2014 Aug 23;384(9944):649.
99. Blaney JE, Marzi A, Willet M, Papaneri AB, Wirblich C, Feldmann F, et al. Antibody quality and protection from lethal Ebola virus challenge in nonhuman primates immunized with rabies virus based bivalent vaccine. PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(5):e1003389.
100. Blaney JE, Wirblich C, Papaneri AB, Johnson RF, Myers CJ, Juelich TL, et al. Inactivated or liveattenuated bivalent vaccines that confer protection against rabies and Ebola viruses. J Virol. 2011 Oct;85(20):10605-16.
101. Papaneri AB, Wirblich C, Cann JA, Cooper K, Jahrling PB, Schnell MJ, et al. A replication-deficient rabies virus vaccine expressing Ebola virus glycoprotein is highly attenuated for neurovirulence. Virology. 2012 Dec 5;434(1):18-26.
102. Bukreyev A, Yang L, Zaki SR, Shieh WJ, Rollin PE, Murphy BR, et al. A single intranasal inoculation with a paramyxovirus-vectored vaccine protects guinea pigs against a lethal-dose Ebola virus challenge. J Virol. 2006 Mar;80(5):2267-79.
103. Ayithan N, Bradfute SB, Anthony SM, Stuthman KS, Bavari S, Bray M, et al. Virus-like particles activate type I interferon pathways to facilitate post-exposure protection against Ebola virus infection. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0118345.
104. Warfield KL, Dye JM, Wells JB, Unfer RC, Holtsberg FW, Shulenin S, et al. Homologous and heterologous protection of nonhuman primates by ebola and Sudan virus-like particles. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0118881.
2. Ramanan P, Shabman RS, Brown CS, Amarasinghe GK, Basler CF, Leung DW. Filoviral immune evasion mechanisms. Viruses. 2011 Sep; 3(9):1634-49.
3. Mohan GS, Li W, Ye L, Compans RW, Yang C. Antigenic subversion: a novel mechanism of host immune evasion by Ebola virus. PLoS Pathog. 2012; 8(12):e1003065.
4. Formenty P. Chapter 9 – Ebola Virus Disease. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014:121–34.
5. Miller K, College K. Infection Mechanism of Genus Ebolavirus. 2010 [updated 2010 26 Octubre 2014; cited 2015 10 Abril]; Available from: https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Infection_Mechanism_of_Genus_Ebolavirus.
6. Kortepeter MG, Bausch DG, Bray M. Basic clinical and laboratory features of filoviral hemorrhagic fever. J Infect Dis. 2011 Nov; 204 Suppl 3:S810-6.
7. Kendall RE, Gosser RA, Schulz LT, Trapskin PJ. Anti-diarrheal medication use in the treatment of Ebola virus-induced diarrhea. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2015; 13(2): 205–6.
8. White JM, Schornberg KL. A new player in the puzzle of filovirus entry. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012 May; 10(5):317-22.
9. Gehring G, Rohrmann K, Atenchong N, Mittler E, Becker S, Dahlmann F, et al. The clinically approved drugs amiodarone, dronedarone and verapamil inhibit filovirus cell entry. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014 Aug; 69(8):2123-31.
10. Nina J. Ebolavirosis: a 2014 review for clinicians. Acta Med Port. 2014 Sep-Oct; 27(5):625-33.
11. Geisbert TW, Pushko P, Anderson K, Smith J, Davis KJ, Jahrling PB. Evaluation in nonhuman primates of vaccines against Ebola virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 May; 8(5):503-7.
12. de Wit E, Feldmann H, Munster VJ. Tackling Ebola: new insights into prophylactic and therapeutic intervention strategies. Genome Med. 2011; 3(1):5.
13. WHO. Experimental Ebola vaccines. 2014 [updated 2014 01 Octubre 2014; cited 2015 20 de Marzo]; Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/ebola/01-october-2014/en/.
14. Li H, Ying T, Yu F, Lu L, Jiang S. Development of therapeutics for treatment of Ebola virus infection. Microbes Infect. 2015 Feb; 17(2):109-17.
15. Yen JY, Garamszegi S, Geisbert JB, Rubins KH, Geisbert TW, Honko A, et al. Therapeutics of Ebola hemorrhagic fever: whole-genome transcriptional analysis of successful disease mitigation. J Infect Dis. 2011 Nov; 204 Suppl 3:S1043-52.
16. (FDA) FaDA. FDA Drug Safety Communication: Voluntary market withdrawal of Xigris [drotrecogin alfa (activated)] due to failure to show a survival benefit. 2011 [updated 2011 10/25/2011 cited 2015 26 March]; Available from: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm277114.htm.
17. Hensley LE, Stevens EL, Yan SB, Geisbert JB, Macias WL, Larsen T, et al. Recombinant human activated protein C for the postexposure treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. J Infect Dis. 2007 Nov 15;196 Suppl 2:S390-9.
18. Bergum PW, Cruikshank A, Maki SL, Kelly CR, Ruf W, Vlasuk GP. Role of zymogen and activated factor X as scaffolds for the inhibition of the blood coagulation factor VIIa-tissue factor complex by recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2. J Biol Chem. 2001 Mar 30;276(13):10063-71.
19. Lee AY, Vlasuk GP. Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 and other inhibitors targeting blood coagulation factor VIIa/tissue factor. J Intern Med. 2003 Oct;254(4):313-21.
20. Geisbert TW, Hensley LE, Jahrling PB, Larsen T, Geisbert JB, Paragas J, et al. Treatment of Ebola virus infection with a recombinant inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor: a study in rhesus monkeys. Lancet. 2003 Dec 13;362(9400):1953-8.
21. Warfield KL, Swenson DL, Olinger GG, Nichols DK, Pratt WD, Blouch R, et al. Gene-specific countermeasures against Ebola virus based on antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers. PLoS Pathog. 2006 Jan;2(1):e1.
22. Warren TK, Whitehouse CA, Wells J, Welch L, Heald AE, Charleston JS, et al. A single phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer targeting VP24 protects rhesus monkeys against lethal Ebola virus infection. MBio. 2015;6(1).
23. Swenson DL, Warfield KL, Warren TK, Lovejoy C, Hassinger JN, Ruthel G, et al. Chemical modifications of antisense morpholino oligomers enhance their efficacy against Ebola virus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 May;53(5):2089-99.
24. Kimberlin CR, Bornholdt ZA, Li S, Woods VL, Jr., MacRae IJ, Saphire EO. Ebolavirus VP35 uses a bimodal strategy to bind dsRNA for innate immune suppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jan 5;107(1):314-9.
25. McCarthy M. FDA allows second experimental drug to be tested in Ebola patients. BMJ. 2014;349:g5103. 26. Geisbert TW, Lee AC, Robbins M, Geisbert JB, Honko AN, Sood V, et al. Postexposure protection of non-human primates against a lethal Ebola virus challenge with RNA interference: a proof-of-concept study. Lancet. 2010 May 29;375(9729):1896-905.
27. Chiang PK, Gordon RK, Tal J, Zeng GC, Doctor BP, Pardhasaradhi K, et al. S-Adenosylmethionine and methylation. FASEB J. 1996 Mar;10(4):471-80.
28. Bray M, Driscoll J, Huggins JW. Treatment of lethal Ebola virus infection in mice with a single dose of an S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase inhibitor. Antiviral Res. 2000 Feb;45(2):135-47.
29. Montgomery JA, Clayton SJ, Thomas HJ, Shannon WM, Arnett G, Bodner AJ, et al. Carbocyclic analogue of 3-deazaadenosine: a novel antiviral agent using S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase as
a pharmacological target. J Med Chem. 1982 Jun;25(6):626-9.
30. Glazer RI, Knode MC, Tseng CK, Haines DR, Márquez VE. 3-Deazaneplanocin A: a new inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine synthesis and its effects in human colon carcinoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol.1986 Dec 15;35(24):4523-7.
31. Bray M, Raymond JL, Geisbert T, Baker RO. 3-deazaneplanocin A induces massively increased interferon-alpha production in Ebola virus-infected mice. Antiviral Res. 2002 Jul;55(1):151-9.
32. Warren TK, Wells J, Panchal RG, Stuthman KS, Garza NL, van Tongeren SA, et al. Protection against filovirus diseases by a novel broad-spectrum nucleoside analogue BCX4430. Nature. 2014 Apr 17;508(7496):402-5.
33. Hart GJ, Orr DC, Penn CR, Figueiredo HT, Gray NM, Boehme RE, et al. Effects of (-)-2’-deoxy-3’- thiacytidine (3TC) 5’-triphosphate on human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and mammalian DNA polymerases alpha, beta, and gamma. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992 Aug;36(8):1688-94.
34. Hensley LE, Dyall J, Olinger GG, Jr., Jahrling PB. Lack of effect of lamivudine on Ebola virus replication. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 Mar;21(3):550-2.
35. Kim S, Kim MJ, Park DY, Chung HJ, Kim CH, Yoon JH, et al. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species modulate innate immune response to influenza A virus in human nasal epithelium. Antiviral Res. 2015 Apr 28.
36. Panchal RG, Reid SP, Tran JP, Bergeron AA, Wells J, Kota KP, et al. Identification of an antioxidant small-molecule with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Antiviral Res. 2012 Jan;93(1):23-9.
37. Kinch MS, Yunus AS, Lear C, Mao H, Chen H, Fesseha Z, et al. FGI-104: a broad-spectrum small molecule inhibitor of viral infection. Am J Transl Res. 2009;1(1):87-98.
38. Warren TK, Warfield KL, Wells J, Enterlein S, Smith M, Ruthel G, et al. Antiviral activity of a smallmolecule inhibitor of filovirus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 May;54(5):2152-9.
39. Aman MJ, Kinch MS, Warfield K, Warren T, Yunus A, Enterlein S, et al. Development of a broadspectrum antiviral with activity against Ebola virus. Antiviral Res. 2009 Sep;83(3):245-51.
40. Oestereich L, Ludtke A, Wurr S, Rieger T, Munoz-Fontela C, Gunther S. Successful treatment of advanced Ebola virus infection with T-705 (favipiravir) in a small animal model. Antiviral Res. 2014 May;105:17-21.
41. Nagata T, Lefor AK, Hasegawa M, Ishii M. Favipiravir: a new medication for the Ebola virus disease pandemic. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2014 Feb;9(1):79-81.
42. Bouazza N, Treluyer JM, Foissac F, Mentre F, Taburet AM, Guedj J, et al. Favipiravir for children with Ebola. Lancet. 2015 Feb 14;385(9968):603-4.
43. Florescu DF, Keck MA. Development of CMX001 (Brincidofovir) for the treatment of serious diseases or conditions caused by dsDNA viruses. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2014 Oct;12(10):1171-8.
44. Schepers JT. Chimerix’s Brincidofovir Has in Vitro Activity Against Ebola. 2014 [updated 2014 03 Septiembre 2014; cited 2015 11 Mayo]; Available from: http://ir.chimerix.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=868807.
45. Schepers JT. Chimerix Announces Emergency Investigational New Drug Applications for Brincidofovir Authorized by FDA for Patients With Ebola Virus Disease. 2014 [updated 2014 06 Octubre 2014; cited 2015 11 Mayo]; Available from: http://ir.chimerix.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=874647.
46. Giahyue JH. Médicos comienzan ensayos de fármacos no probados contra el ébola en África Occidental.Thomson Reuters. 2015.
47. Shah PP, Wang T, Kaletsky RL, Myers MC, Purvis JE, Jing H, et al. A small-molecule oxocarbazate inhibitor of human cathepsin L blocks severe acute respiratory syndrome and ebola pseudotype virus infection into human embryonic kidney 293T cells. Mol Pharmacol. 2010 Aug;78(2):319-24.
48. Gnirss K, Kuhl A, Karsten C, Glowacka I, Bertram S, Kaup F, et al. Cathepsins B and L activate Ebola but not Marburg virus glycoproteins for efficient entry into cell lines and macrophages independent of TMPRSS2 expression. Virology. 2012 Mar 1; 424(1):3-10.
49. Mupapa K, Massamba M, Kibadi K, Kuvula K, Bwaka A, Kipasa M, et al. Treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever with blood transfusions from convalescent patients. International Scientific and Technical Committee. J Infect Dis. 1999 Feb;179 Suppl 1:S18-23.
50. OMS. Tratamientos experimentales: aumenta el interés en el uso de sangre entera o plasma obtenidos de personas que se han recuperado de la enfermedad por el virus del Ébola (tratamientos con productos obtenidos de convalecientes). 2014 [updated 2014 26 Sep 2014; cited 2015 11 May]; Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/ebola/26-september-2014/es/.
51. Olinger GG, Jr., Pettitt J, Kim D, Working C, Bohorov O, Bratcher B, et al. Delayed treatment of Ebola virus infection with plant-derived monoclonal antibodies provides protection in rhesus macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Oct 30;109(44):18030-5.
52. Audet J, Wong G, Wang H, Lu G, Gao GF, Kobinger G, et al. Molecular characterization of the monoclonal antibodies composing ZMAb: a protective cocktail against Ebola virus. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6881.
53. Qiu X, Wong G, Audet J, Bello A, Fernando L, Alimonti JB, et al. Reversion of advanced Ebola virus disease in nonhuman primates with ZMapp. Nature. 2014 Oct 2;514(7520):47-53.
54. Qiu X, Audet J, Wong G, Pillet S, Bello A, Cabral T, et al. Successful treatment of ebola virus-infected cynomolgus macaques with monoclonal antibodies. Sci Transl Med. 2012 Jun 13;4
(138):138ra81.
55. ClinicalTrials.gov. Putative Investigational Therapeutics in the Treatment of Patients With Known Ebola Infection. 2015 [updated 2015 13 Feb 2015; cited 2015 11 May]; Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02363322?term=ebola&rank=11.
56. Lee JE, Fusco ML, Hessell AJ, Oswald WB, Burton DR, Saphire EO. Structure of the Ebola virus glycoprotein bound to an antibody from a human survivor. Nature. 2008 Jul 10;454(7201):177-82.
57. Sullivan NJ, Hensley L, Asiedu C, Geisbert TW, Stanley D, Johnson J, et al. CD8+ cellular immunity mediates rAd5 vaccine protection against Ebola virus infection of nonhuman primates. Nat Med. 2008 Sep;17(9):1128-31.
58. Tully CM, Lambe T, Gilbert SC, Hill AV. Corrections. Emergency Ebola response: a new approach to the rapid design and development of vaccines against emerging diseases. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015 Mar;15(3):263.
59. ClinicalTrials.gov. A Study to Assess New Ebola Vaccines, cAd3-EBO Z and MVA-BN® Filo. 2014 [updated 2014 29 Jan 2015; cited 2015 08 Abr]; Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02240875.
60. ClinicalTrials.gov. Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of the Ebola Chimpanzee Adenovirus Vector Vaccine (cAd3-EBO), VRC-EBOADC069-00-VP, in Healthy Adults. 2014 [updated 2014 09 Dec 2014; cited 2015 08 Abr]; Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02231866.
61. Feldmann H, Jones SM, Daddario-DiCaprio KM, Geisbert JB, Stroher U, Grolla A, et al. Effective postexposure treatment of Ebola infection. PLoS Pathog. 2007 Jan;3(1):e2.
62. Tsuda Y, Safronetz D, Brown K, LaCasse R, Marzi A, Ebihara H, et al. Protective efficacy of a bivalent recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine in the Syrian hamster model of lethal Ebola virus infection. J Infect Dis. 2011 Nov;204 Suppl 3:S1090-7.
63. Geisbert TW, Daddario-Dicaprio KM, Geisbert JB, Reed DS, Feldmann F, Grolla A, et al. Vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccines protect nonhuman primates against aerosol challenge with Ebola and Marburg viruses. Vaccine. 2008 Dec 9;26(52):6894-900.
64. Geisbert TW, Daddario-DiCaprio KM, Williams KJ, Geisbert JB, Leung A, Feldmann F, et al. Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector mediates postexposure protection against Sudan Ebola hemorrhagic fever in nonhuman primates. J Virol. 2008 Jun;82(11):5664-8.
65. Mire CE, Geisbert JB, Marzi A, Agans KN, Feldmann H, Geisbert TW. Vesicular stomatitis virusbased vaccines protect nonhuman primates against Bundibugyo ebolavirus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(12):e2600.
66. Fauci. AS. NIAID Recognizes Significant Milestone in Ebola Vaccine Study. 2015 [updated 2015 07 Mayo 2015; cited 2015 09 Mayo]; Available from: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/news/newsreleases/2015/Pages/PREVAILenrollment.aspx
67. Prevention CfDCa. Sierra Leone Trial to Introduce a Vaccine against Ebola (STRIVE). 2015 [updated 2015 14 Abril 2015; cited 2015 11 Mayo]; Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/strive/index.html.
68. Bukreyev A, Rollin PE, Tate MK, Yang L, Zaki SR, Shieh WJ, et al. Successful topical respiratory tract immunization of primates against Ebola virus. J Virol. 2007 Jun;81(12):6379-88.
69. Warfield KL, Swenson DL, Olinger GG, Kalina WV, Aman MJ, Bavari S. Ebola virus-like particle-based vaccine protects nonhuman primates against lethal Ebola virus challenge. J Infect Dis. 2007 Nov 15;196 Suppl 2:S430-7.
70. Lee A, Agnelli G, Buller H, Ginsberg J, Heit J, Rote W, et al. Dose-response study of recombinant factor VIIa/tissue factor inhibitor recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 in prevention of postoperative venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing total knee replacement. Circulation. 2001 Jul 3;104(1):74-8.
71. Fomivirsen approved for CMV retinitis: first antisense drug. AIDS Treat News. 1998 Sep 4(302):7.
72. Group TVS. A randomized controlled clinical trial of intravitreous fomivirsen for treatment of newly diagnosed peripheral cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002 Apr;133(4):467-74.
73. Schultheis B, Strumberg D, Santel A, Vank C, Gebhardt F, Keil O, et al. First-in-human phase I study of the liposomal RNA interference therapeutic Atu027 in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Dec 20;32(36):4141-8.
74. Geisbert TW, Hensley LE, Kagan E, Yu EZ, Geisbert JB, Daddario-DiCaprio K, et al. Postexposure protection of guinea pigs against a lethal ebola virus challenge is conferred by RNA interference. J Infect Dis. 2006 Jun 15;193(12):1650-7.
75. WHO. WHO Ebola MeetingBCX4430 Novel Broad-spectrum Direct-Acting Nucleoside Analogue IM or IV Administration. 2014 [updated 2014 4-5 Sectiembre 2014; cited 2015 08 Abril]; Available from: http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/BCRX/0x0x779657/C0CA2634-C2D6-4875-9CBD-E5F4DC5D6899/BCX4430%20summary%20slides%20WHO%20August%2029%202014%20FINAL.pdf.
76. Smither SJ, Eastaugh LS, Steward JA, Nelson M, Lenk RP, Lever MS. Post-exposure efficacy of oral T-705 (Favipiravir) against inhalational Ebola virus infection in a mouse model. Antiviral Res. 2014 Apr;104:153-5.
77. Furuta Y, Gowen BB, Takahashi K, Shiraki K, Smee DF, Barnard DL. Favipiravir (T-705), a novel viral RNA polymerase inhibitor. Antiviral Res. 2013 Nov;100(2):446-54.
78. Bishop BM. Potential and emerging treatment options for Ebola virus disease. Ann Pharmacother. 2014 Feb;49(2):196-206.
79. ClinicalTrials.gov. An Open-Label, Multicenter Study of the Safety and Anti Viral Activity of Brincidofovir (BCV, CMX001) for Ebola Virus Disease. 2014 [updated 2014; cited 2015 08 Abril]; Available from: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT0227-1347
80. Parren PW, Geisbert TW, Maruyama T, Jahrling PB, Burton DR. Pre- and postexposure prophylaxis of Ebola virus infection in an animal model by passive transfer of a neutralizing human antibody. J Virol. 2002 Jun;76(12):6408-12.
81. Oswald WB, Geisbert TW, Davis KJ, Geisbert JB, Sullivan NJ, Jahrling PB, et al. Neutralizing antibody fails to impact the course of Ebola virus infection in monkeys. PLoS Pathog. 2007 Jan;3(1):e9.
82. Qiu X, Fernando L, Melito PL, Audet J, Feldmann H, Kobinger G, et al. Ebola GP-specific monoclonal antibodies protect mice and guinea pigs from lethal Ebola virus infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(3):e1575.
83. Shedlock DJ, Bailey MA, Popernack PM, Cunningham JM, Burton DR, Sullivan NJ. Antibody-mediated neutralization of Ebola virus can occur by two distinct mechanisms. Virology. 2010 Jun 5;401(2):228-35.
84. Pratt WD, Wang D, Nichols DK, Luo M, Woraratanadharm J, Dye JM, et al. Protection of nonhuman primates against two species of Ebola virus infection with a single complex adenovirus vector. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010 Apr;17(4):572-81.
85. Ledgerwood JE, DeZure AD, Stanley DA, Novik L, Enama ME, Berkowitz NM, et al. Chimpanzee Adenovirus Vector Ebola Vaccine - Preliminary Report. N Engl J Med. 2014 Nov 26.
86. Rampling T, Ewer K, Bowyer G, Wright D, Imoukhuede EB, Payne R, et al. A Monovalent Chimpanzee Adenovirus Ebola Vaccine - Preliminary Report. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jan 28.
87. Ledgerwood JE, Costner P, Desai N, Holman L, Enama ME, Yamshchikov G, et al. A replication defective recombinant Ad5 vaccine expressing Ebola virus GP is safe and immunogenic in healthy adults. Vaccine. 2010 Dec 16;29(2):304-13.
88. Sullivan NJ, Geisbert TW, Geisbert JB, Xu L, Yang ZY, Roederer M, et al. Accelerated vaccination for Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever in non-human primates. Nature. 2003 Aug 7;424(6949):681-4.
89. Richardson JS, Abou MC, Tran KN, Kumar A, Sahai BM, Kobinger GP. Impact of systemic or mucosal immunity to adenovirus on Ad-based Ebola virus vaccine efficacy in guinea pigs. J Infect Dis. 2011 Nov;204 Suppl 3:S1032-42.
90. Zhu FC, Hou LH, Li JX, Wu SP, Liu P, Zhang GR, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a novel recombinant adenovirus type-5 vector-based Ebola vaccine in healthy adults in China: preliminary report of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial. Lancet. 2015 Mar 24.
91. Martin JE, Sullivan NJ, Enama ME, Gordon IJ, Roederer M, Koup RA, et al. A DNA vaccine for Ebola virus is safe and immunogenic in a phase I clinical trial. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2006 Nov;13(11):1267-77.
92. Dery M, Bausch DG. A DNA vaccine for the prevention of Ebola virus infection. Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2008 Jun;10(3):285-93.
93. Hensley LE, Mulangu S, Asiedu C, Johnson J, Honko AN, Stanley D, et al. Demonstration of crossprotective vaccine immunity against an emerging pathogenic Ebolavirus Species. PLoS Pathog. 2010 May;6(5):e1000904.
94. Sullivan NJ, Sanchez A, Rollin PE, Yang ZY, Nabel GJ. Development of a preventive vaccine for Ebola virus infection in primates. Nature. 2000 Nov 30;408(6812):605-9.
95. Geisbert TW, Bailey M, Geisbert JB, Asiedu C, Roederer M, Grazia-Pau M, et al. Vector choice determines immunogenicity and potency of genetic vaccines against Angola Marburg virus in nonhuman primates. J Virol. 2010 Oct;84:10386-94.
96. Jones SM, Feldmann H, Stroher U, Geisbert JB, Fernando L, Grolla A, et al. Live attenuated recombinant vaccine protects nonhuman primates against Ebola and Marburg viruses. Nat Med. 2005 Jul;11(7):786- 90.
97. Qiu X, Fernando L, Alimonti JB, Melito PL, Feldmann F, Dick D, et al. Mucosal immunization of cynomolgus macaques with the VSVDeltaG/ZEBOVGP vaccine stimulates strong ebola GP-specific immune responses. PLoS One. 2009;4(5):e5547.
98. Mullard A. Experimental Ebola drugs enter the limelight. Lancet. 2014 Aug 23;384(9944):649.
99. Blaney JE, Marzi A, Willet M, Papaneri AB, Wirblich C, Feldmann F, et al. Antibody quality and protection from lethal Ebola virus challenge in nonhuman primates immunized with rabies virus based bivalent vaccine. PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(5):e1003389.
100. Blaney JE, Wirblich C, Papaneri AB, Johnson RF, Myers CJ, Juelich TL, et al. Inactivated or liveattenuated bivalent vaccines that confer protection against rabies and Ebola viruses. J Virol. 2011 Oct;85(20):10605-16.
101. Papaneri AB, Wirblich C, Cann JA, Cooper K, Jahrling PB, Schnell MJ, et al. A replication-deficient rabies virus vaccine expressing Ebola virus glycoprotein is highly attenuated for neurovirulence. Virology. 2012 Dec 5;434(1):18-26.
102. Bukreyev A, Yang L, Zaki SR, Shieh WJ, Rollin PE, Murphy BR, et al. A single intranasal inoculation with a paramyxovirus-vectored vaccine protects guinea pigs against a lethal-dose Ebola virus challenge. J Virol. 2006 Mar;80(5):2267-79.
103. Ayithan N, Bradfute SB, Anthony SM, Stuthman KS, Bavari S, Bray M, et al. Virus-like particles activate type I interferon pathways to facilitate post-exposure protection against Ebola virus infection. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0118345.
104. Warfield KL, Dye JM, Wells JB, Unfer RC, Holtsberg FW, Shulenin S, et al. Homologous and heterologous protection of nonhuman primates by ebola and Sudan virus-like particles. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0118881.
Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
