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Gonzalez Coquel, S., Pérez Herazo, J., Caro Narváez, G., Chiquillo Segovia, Y., & Lemoine Allin, D. (2025). Beneficios de la actividad física en el control del asma infantil: revisión de la literatura. Biosalud, 19(2), 27–41. https://doi.org/10.17151/biosa.2020.19.2.2
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Suanny Gonzalez Coquel
Corporación Universitaria Rafael Nuñez
Resumen
Introducción: El asma es la enfermedad pulmonar crónica infantil más prevalente en el mundo, en la que influyen factores genéticos y ambientales como la polución, infecciones virales y el ejercicio. Este último a su vez, puede disminuir y controlar síntomas en estos niños. Sin embargo, los niños con asma suelen limitar su actividad física por temor a presentar exacerbaciones. Objetivo: Describir los beneficios de la actividad física como parte del tratamiento complementario del asma infantil. Metodología: Se realizo una búsqueda en la web en diferentes bases de datos de artículos científicos (PubMed, Scielo, Elsevier). Se tuvieron en cuenta artículos completos y resúmenes originales, de revisión y ensayos clínicos. Se analizaron los efectos de la actividad física en el asma infantil y recomendaciones para su adecuada ejecución en estos niños. Resultados: El asma inducida por ejercicio se presenta en niños con o sin asma. La actividad física en ambientes fríos y secos o con alta concentración de alergenos exacerba el desarrollo de síntomas. Sin embargo, cuando ésta se realiza en ambientes adecuados y de manera organizada permite muchos beneficios como efectos antinflamatorios y mejores resultados en la función pulmonar que traduce en menor número y severidad de síntomas, haciendo parte fundamental del tratamiento integral de estos niños. Conclusión: La actividad física, a pesar de desencadenar síntomas, no debe limitarse en niños con asma, ya que el juego y el ejercicio facilitan en ellos su desarrollo físico, emocional y social. Su ejecución organizada en ambientes con adecuada oxigenación y poca exposición a alergenos permitirá controlar y disminuir la frecuencia y la severidad de síntomas en estos niños.
Citas
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2. Patel SJ, Teach SJ. Asthma. Pediatr Rev. 2019 Nov 1;40(11):549–67. DOI:
3. Reddel H, Bacharier L, Bateman E, Bonini M, Bourdin A, Brightling C, et al. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention 2024 [Internet]. Updated 2024; 2024 [cited 2024 Jun 2]. Available from: https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/GINA-2024-Strategy-Report-24_05_22_WMS.pdf
4. Reddel HK, Taylor DR, Bateman ED, Boulet LP, Boushey HA, Busse WW, et al. An Official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Statement: Asthma Control and Exacerbations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 Jul;180(1):59–99. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200801-060ST.
5. Ministerio de salud y protección social. Controla el asma, disfruta la vida. Boletín de Prensa No 054 de 2018. 2018 Apr 28; 6. Miranda M,, Hoyos S. Prevalencia de asma infantil en la ciudad de Cartagena. Alerg Asma Inmunol Pediatr. 2014;23(2):39–42.
7. Klain A, Giovannini M, Pecoraro L, Barni S, Mori F, Liotti L, et al. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, allergy and sports in children. Ital J Pediatr. 2024 Mar 13;50(1):47.DOI:10.1186/s13052-024-01594-0.
8. Aggarwal B, Mulgirigama A, Berend N. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: prevalence, pathophysiology, patient impact, diagnosis and management. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med.2018 Dec 14;28(1):31–8. DOI:10.1038/s41533-018-0098-2.
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10. Parsons JP, Hallstrand TS, Mastronarde JG, Kaminsky DA, Rundell KW, Hull JH, et al. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline: Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013 May;187(9):1016–27. DOI:10.1164/rccm.201303-0437TH.
11. Gray WN, Janicke DM, Ingerski LM, Silverstein JH. The Impact of Peer Victimization, Parent Distress and Child Depression on Barrier Formation and Physical Activity in Overweight Youth. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics. 2008 Feb;29(1):26–33. DOI:10.1097/DBP.0b013e31815dda74.
12. Abdelbasset WK, Alsubaie SF, Tantawy SA, Abo Elyazed TI, Kamel DM. Evaluating pulmonary function, aerobic capacity, and pediatric quality of life following a 10-week aerobic exercise training in school-aged asthmatics: a randomized controlled trial. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2018 Jun; Volume 12:1015–23. DOI:10.2147/PPA.S159622.
13. Côté A, Turmel J, Boulet LP. Exercise and Asthma. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2018 Feb 10;39(01):019–28. DOI:
14. Schiwe D, Heinzmann-Filho JP, Schindel CS, Gheller MF, Campos NE, Santos G, et al.Rendimiento diagnóstico de la pregunta concerniente a la actividad física del cuestionario GINA para la detección de asma y broncoconstricción inducidas por el ejercicio. An Pediatr (Engl Ed). 2021 Jul;95(1):40–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.06.031.
15. Francisco C de O, Bhatawadekar SA, Babineau J, Reid WD, Yadollahi A. Effects of physical exercise training on nocturnal symptoms in asthma: Systematic review. PLoS One. 2018 Oct 22;13(10):1–18.DOI:
16. Getch YQ, Neuharth-Pritchett S, Schilling EJ. Asthma and the Public School Teacher: A Two State Study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol Pulmonol. 2019 Sep 1;32(3):109–16. DOI:10.1089/ped.2019.1041.
17. Vaccaro JA, Niego J, Huffman FG. Dietary factors, body weight, and screen time in U.S.children with and without asthma. Children’s Health Care. 2016 Jan 2;45(1):22–38.
18. Leinaar E, Alamian A, Wang L. A systematic review of the relationship between asthma, overweight, and the effects of physical activity in youth. Ann Epidemiol. 2016 Jul; 26 (7): 504-510. e6. DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.06.002.
19. Eves ND, Davidson WJ. Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity clearance: respiratory disease 1 This paper is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue entitled Evidence-based risk assessment and recommendations for physical activity clearance and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer-review process. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2011 Jul;36(S1): S80–100. DOI:
20. Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, Borodulin K, Buman MP, Cardon G, et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med.2020 Dec;54(24):1451–62. DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955.
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