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Ocaño-Hernández, S., Sastre-Piñeros, U., Torres-Mora, M. A., Trujillo-González J. M., & Jiménez Ballesta, R. (2026). Evaluación ambiental del polvo de carretera en paraderos de bus de Villavicencio, Colombia. Luna Azul, (62), 189–207. https://doi.org/10.17151/luaz.2025.62.11
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La acumulación de elementos potencialmente tóxicos (EPT) en el polvo de carretera representa un riesgo significativo para el medio ambiente y la salud pública, especialmente en zonas urbanas con alta densidad vehicular. Sin embargo, pocos estudios han evaluado estos riesgos en entornos como los paraderos de autobús universitarios, particularmente en Colombia. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los niveles de contaminación y los riesgos potenciales t asociados con Pb, Cd, Cu y Zn en el polvo vial recolectado en paraderos de autobús de la Universidad de los Llanos, en Villavicencio, Colombia. Se recolectaron muestras de polvo en ocho paraderos utilizando cepillo y bandeja sobre áreas de 1 m², con cinco submuestras por sitio a lo largo de un tramo de 100 metros. Las muestras se almacenaron en bolsas de polietileno y se homogeneizaron con un tamiz de 2,0 mm. Las concentraciones de metales pesados (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd) se determinaron mediante digestión ácida asistida por microondas, seguida de análisis ICP-OES. La composición mineralógica se analizó mediante difracción de rayos X (DRX) con radiación Cu Kα (λ = 1,54060 Å), en un rango de 2° a 70°. Los niveles de todos los elementos superaron los valores de fondo para la zona. Las concentraciones de Pb oscilaron entre 15,0 y 44,6 mg kg⁻¹, Cd entre 0,6 y 1,2 mg kg⁻¹, Cu entre 17,6 y 115,6 mg kg⁻¹, y Zn entre 69,8 y 519,6 mg kg⁻¹. El índice de geo-acumulación y el índice integrado de contaminación indicaron una contaminación significativa, siendo el cobre y el zinc los elementos más abundantes. La evaluación del riesgo ecológico reveló que el cadmio representa la mayor amenaza potencial. Los resultados subrayan la necesidad de implementar controles ambientales más estrictos y estrategias de desarrollo urbano para reducir la exposición a EPT en zonas cercanas al transporte público. Estos hallazgos ofrecen información clave para la formulación de políticas orientadas a mejorar la calidad del aire y la gestión del suelo en contextos urbanos.
Citas
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Ara, A., & Usmani, J. A. (2015). Lead toxicity: a review. Interdisciplinary toxicology, 8(2), 55. https://doi.org/10.1515/intox-2015-0009
Baensch-Baltruschat B, Kocher B, Stock F, Reifferscheid G. (2020). Tyre and road wear particles (TRWP)-A review of generation, properties, emissions, human health risk, ecotoxicity, and fate in the environment. Science of the total Environment, 733, 137823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137823
Candeias C, Vicente E, Tomé M, Rocha F, Ávila P, Célia A. (2020). Geochemical, mineralogical and morphological characterisation of road dust and associated health risks. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(5), 1563. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051563. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051563
Chen L, Fang L, Yang X, Luo X, Qiu T, Zeng Y, Rinklebe J. (2024). Sources and human health risks associated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in urban dust: A global perspective. Environment International, 187, 108708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108708
Cheng H, Shen R, Chen Y, Wan Q, Shi T, Wang J, Li X. (2019). Estimating heavy metal concentrations in suburban soils with reflectance spectroscopy. Geoderma, 336, 59-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.08.010
DANE. Obtenido de Estimación de población 1985–2005 y proyecciones de población 2005–2020 total municipal por área. Available online: https://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/poblacion/proyepobla06_20/Municipal_area_1985-2020.xls(accessed on 15 May 2025).
Duzgoren-Aydin NS, Wong C, Aydin A, Song Z, You M, Li XD. (2006). Heavy metal contamination and distribution in the urban environment of Guangzhou, SE China. Environmental geochemistry and health, 28, 375-391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-005-9036-7
Faiz Y, Tufail M, Javed MT, Chaudhry MM. (2009). Road dust pollution of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn along islamabad expressway, Pakistan. Microchemical Journal, 92(2), 186-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2009.03.009
Feng W, Guo Z, Peng C, Xiao X, Shi L, Zeng P, Xue Q. (2019). Atmospheric bulk deposition of heavy metal (loid) s in central south China: Fluxes, influencing factors and implication for paddy soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 371, 634-642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.090
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Haleem A, Amin S, Mahdi R. (2022). Assessment of health risk and geo-accumulation of toxic heavy metals in side-road dust from urban areas of Baghdad city. Public Health Toxicology, 2(3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.18332/pht/153466
Heidari M, Darijani T, Alipour V. (2021). Heavy metal pollution of road dust in a city and its highly polluted suburb; quantitative source apportionment and source-specific ecological and health risk assessment. Chemosphere, 273, 129656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129656
IDEAM. Promedio climatológico 1981–2010. Inst. Hidro., Meteorol. y Estudios Ambien. 2020. Available online: https://cgsm.cemarin.org/tipodoc/informe/ideam-2020-promedio-climatologico-1981-2010-inst-hidro-meteorol-y-estudios-ambien/ (ac-cessed on 15 May 2025).
Jeong H, Ra K. (2022). Pollution and Health Risk Assessments of Potentially Toxic Elements in the Fine-Grained Particles (10−63 µm and <10 µm) in Road Dust from Apia City, Samoa. Toxics, 10(11):683. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10110683.
Jiries AG, Hussein HH, Halaseh Z. (2001). The quality of water and sediments of street runoff in Amman, Jordan. Hydrological processes, 15(5), 815-824. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.186
Kabata-Pendias A, Pendias H. (2001). Trace elements in soils and plants CRC Press Inc. Boca Raton, FL, USA.
Khan RK, Strand MA. (2018). Road dust and its effect on human health: a literature review. Epidemiology and health, 40, e2018013. https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018013
Kormoker T, Kabir MH, Khan R, Islam MS, Shammi RS, Al MA, Idris AM. (2021). Road dust–driven elemental distribution in megacity Dhaka, Bangladesh: Environmental, ecological, and human health risks assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14581-3
Li C, Li F, Wu Z, Cheng J. (2017). Exploring spatially varying and scale-dependent relationships between soil contamination and landscape patterns using geographically weighted regression. Applied Geography, 82: 101-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2017.03.007
Li C, Sun G, Wu Z, Zhong H, Wang R, Liu X, Guo Z, Cheng J. (2019). Soil physiochemical properties and landscape patterns control trace metal contamination at the urban-rural interface in southern China. Environmental Pollution, 250, 537–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.065
Meza-Figueroa D, De la O-Villanueva M, De la Parra ML. (2007). Heavy metal distribution in dust from elementary schools in Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Atmospheric Environment, 41(2), 276-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.08.034
Milenkovic B, Stajic JM, Gulan LJ, Zeremski T, Nikezic D. (2015). Radioactivity levels and heavy metals in the urban soil of Central Serbia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22, 16732-16741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4869-9
Müller G. (1989). Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. GeoJournal, 2, 108–118
Najmeddin A, Keshavarzi B, Moore F, Lahijanzadeh A. (2018). Source apportionment and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in road dust from urban industrial areas of Ahvaz megacity, Iran. Environmental geochemistry and health, 40, 1187-1208 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-017-0035-2
Nasir MJ, Wahab A, Ayaz T, Khan S, Khan AZ, Lei M. (2023). Assessment of heavy metal pollution using contamination factor, pollution load index, and geoaccumulation index in Kalpani River sediments, Pakistan. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 16(2), 143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-023-11231-5
Navarro-Ciurana D, Corbella M, Farré-de-Pablo J, Corral I, Buixadera E, Morera-Valverde R, Proenza JA. (2023). Rare Earth Elements’ particles in road dust: A mineralogical perspective for source identification. Atmospheric Environment, 309, 119927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119927
Nawrot N, Wojciechowska E, Rezania S, Walkusz-Miotk J, Pazdro K. (2020). The effects of urban vehicle traffic on heavy metal contamination in road sweeping waste and bottom sediments of retention tanks. Science of the Total Environment, 749, 141511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141511
Nezat CA, Hatch SA, Uecker T. (2017). Heavy metal content in urban residential and park soils: A case study in Spokane, Washington, USA. Applied Geochemistry, 78, 186-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.12.018
Odediran ET, Adeniran JA, Yusuf RO, Abdulraheem KA, Adesina OA, Sonibare JA, Du M. (2021). Contamination levels, health risks and source apportionment of potentially toxic elements in road dusts of a densely populated African City. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 15, 100445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2021.100445
Ordonez A, Loredo J, De Miguel E, Charlesworth S. (2003). Distribution of heavy metals in the street dusts and soils of an industrial city in Northern Spain. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 44, 0160-0170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-002-2005-6
Pecina V, Brtnický M, Baltazár T, Juřička D, Kynický J, Galiová MV. (2021). Human health and ecological risk assessment of trace elements in urban soils of 101 cities in China: A meta-analysis. Chemosphere, 267, 129215.
Poggio L, Vrščaj B, Schulin R, Hepperle E, Marsan FA. (2009). Metals pollution and human bioaccessibility of topsoils in Grugliasco (Italy). Environmental Pollution, 157(2), 680-689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.08.009
Root RA. (2000). Lead loading of urban streets by motor vehicle wheel weights. Environmental health perspectives, 108(10), 937-940. https://doi.org/10.2307/3435051
Sager M. (2020). Urban soils and road dust—civilization effects and metal pollution—a review. Environments, 7(11), 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments7110098
Salazar-Rojas T, Cejudo-Ruiz FR, Gutiérrez-Soto MV, Calvo-Brenes G. (2023). Assessing heavy metal pollution load index (PLI) in biomonitors and road dust from vehicular emission by magnetic properties modeling. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(39), 91248-91261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28758-5
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