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Cerdá, C., & Tironi, A. (2017). La evaluación no monetaria de los servicios ecosistémicos: perspectivas para la gestión sostenible del territorio. Luna Azul, (45), 329–352. https://doi.org/10.17151/luaz.2017.45.17
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Los servicios ecosistémicos (SE) se definen como “la contribución directa o indirecta de los ecosistemas al bienestar humano”. El enfoque de SE para apoyar la gestión del territorio ha sido uno de los más influyentes en las corrientes científicas y políticas en el último tiempo, y en países latinoamericanos como Chile se aprecia un interés creciente en este tema. La conexión de los ecosistemas con el bienestar de las personas permite explorar las visiones, valores, preferencias o creencias de los usuarios de los SE. Sin embargo, estos aspectos son comúnmente ignorados en las esferas políticas y en la gestión territorial chilena, dada la complejidad metodológica de abordarlos por el carácter de intangibilidad que presentan. En este artículo argumentamos sobre la necesidad de incorporar en la evaluación de los SE las dimensiones intangibles de valor y ordenamos las herramientas metodológicas que existen para ello, con el propósito de apoyar las evaluaciones de SE de gestión territorial. El estudio reporta los hallazgos de una investigación teórica donde se analizó sistemáticamente el paradigma de SE, su implicación en esferas políticas y científicas para posteriormente enfocar el análisis en la necesidad de incorporar dimensiones de valor no monetarias en la evaluación de SE, lo cual puede ser particularmente relevante en países latinoamericanos. Entre las estrategias metodológicas que permiten capturar estas dimensiones destacan técnicas participativas como grupos focales, representaciones espaciales participativas y técnicas deliberativas. Aunque nuestro trabajo se enfoca en Chile, este puede ser de utilidad para tomadores de decisión, científicos y actores sociales que trabajen en SE en Latinoamérica.
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Barkmann J, DeVries K, Dietrich N, Glenk K, Gerold G, Keil A, Leemhuis C, Marggraf R. (2008). Confronting unfamiliarity with ecosystem functions: the case for an ecosystem service approach to environmental valuation with stated preference method . Ecological Economics; 65: 48-62.
Barrena J, Nahuelhual L, Báez A, Schiappacasse I, Cerda C. (2014). Valuing cultural ecosystem services: Agricultural heritage in Chiloé island, southern Chile. Ecosystem Services; 7: 66-75.
Bateman I, Carson R, Day B, Hanemann WM, Hanley N, Hett T, et al. (2002). Economic valuation with stated preference techniques: A manual. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Blewitt J. (2014). Understanding sustainable development. New York: Routledge.
Castro A, García-Llorente M, Martín López B, Palomo I, Iniesta-Arandia I, Castro A. (2014). Multidimensional approaches in ecosystem service assessment. En: Alcaraz-Segura, Di Bella CD, Strashnoy J, editores. Earth Observation of Ecosystem Services. Boca Raton CRC Press: 427-454.
Cerda C, De la Maza CL. (2015). Evaluación de servicios ecosistémicos proporcionados por áreas protegidas. Aproximaciones a áreas protegidas chilenas. Santiago: Editorial Gráfica Metropolitana.
Chan KMA, Guerry AD, Balvanera P, et al. (2012a). Where are Cultural and Social in Ecosystem Services? A Framework for Constructive Engagement. BioScience; 62(8): 744-756.
Chan KMA, Satterfeld T, Goldstein J. (2012b). Rethinking ecosystem services to better address and navigate cultural values. Ecological Economics; 74: p. 8-18.
Cienciambiental Consultores. (2014). Recopilación y sistematización de información relativa a estudios de evaluación, mapeo y valorización de Servicios Ecosistémicos en Chile. Consultoría para el Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.
Coote A, Lenaghan J. (1997). Citizens’ Juries: Theory into Pratice. London: Institute for Public Policy Research.
Costanza R, Jorgensen SE. (2002). Understanding and solving environmental problems in the 21st century: toward a new, integrated hard problem science. Gulf Professional Publishing.
Costanza R, Kubiszewski I. (2012). The authorship structure of “ecosystem services” as a transdisciplinary field of scholarship. Ecosystem Services, 1: 16-25.
Daily GC, Polasky S, Goldstein J, Kareiva PM, Mooney HA, Pejchar L, Ricketts TH, Salzman J, Shallenberger R. (2009). Ecosystem services in decision making: Time to deliver. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment; 7: 21-28.
De Groot R, Wilson MA, Boumans RM. (2002). A typology for the classification, description and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services. Ecological Economics; 41(3): p. 393-408.
De Groot R, Brander L, Van der Ploeg S, Costanza R, Bernard F, Braat L, Hussain S. (2012). Global estimates of the value of ecosystems and their services in monetary units. Ecosystem services; 1(1): 50-61.
Delgado LE, Marín VH. (2015). Ecosystem services: Where on earth? Ecosystem Services; 14: 24-26.
Delgado L, Torres M, Tironi A, Marín V. (2015). Estrategia de adaptación local al cambio climático para el acceso equitativo al agua en zonas rurales de Chile . América Latina Hoy; 69: 113-137
Farber SC, Costanza R, WilsonMA. (2002). Economic and ecological concepts for valuing ecosystem services. Ecological economics; 41(3): 375-392.
García-Llorente M, Martín-López B, Díaz S, Montes C. (2011). Can ecosystem properties be fully translated into service values? An economic valuation of aquatic plant services. Ecological Applications; 21: 3083-3103
Gómez-Baggethun E, Ruiz-Pérez M. (2011). Economic valuation and the commodification of ecosystem services. Progress in Physical Geography; 35(5): 613-628.
Goulder LH, Kennedy D. (2011). Interpreting and estimating the value of ecosystem services. En: Kareiva P, Tallis H, Ricketts TH, Daily G, Polasky S, editors. Natural Capital-Theory and Practice of Mapping Ecosystem Services. New York: Oxford University Press: 15-33.
Hanley N, Spash C. (1995). Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Environment. Vermont: Edward Elgar.
Iceland C, Hanson C, Lewis C. (2008). Identifying Important Ecosystem Goods and Services in Puget Sound. World Resources Institute.
International Finance Corporation (IFC). (2011). Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources. Guidance Note 6-V2. Disponible en: http://www.ifc.org/sustainability. Consultado mayo 2015.
Jacobs M. (1997). Environmental valuation, deliberative democracy and public decision-making. En: Fister J, editor. Valuing Nature: Economics, Ethics and Environment. England: Rutledge London: 211-231.
Kareiva P, Marvier M. (2010). What is Conservation Science? Bioscience; 62: 962-969
Kelemen E, García-Llorente M, Pataki G, Martín-López B, Gómez-Baggethun E. (2015). Non monetary techniques for the valuation on ecosystem service. En: Potschin M, Jax K. OpeNESS Reference Book. EC FP7 Grant Agreement Nº 308428.
Klain S, Chan K. (2012). Navigating coastal values: Participatory mapping of ecosystem services for spatial planning. Ecological Economics; 82: 104-113.
Kumar M, Kumar P. (2008). Valuation of the ecosystem services: a psycho-cultural perspective. Ecological Economics; 64(4): 808-819.
Martín-López B, Iniesta-Arandia I, García-Llorente M, Palomo I, Casado-Arzuaga I, García del Amo, Gómez-Baggethun, et al. (2012). Uncovering ecosystem services bundles through social preferences: Experimental evidence from Spain. PlosOne; 7: 1-11.
Martín-López B, González JA, Vilardy S. (2012). Ciencias de la sostenibilidad: guía docente. Universidad del Magdalena.
McDaniels TL, Roessler TL. (1998). Multi attribute elicitation of wilderness preservation benefits: a constructive approach. Ecological Economics ; 27: 299-312.
Menzel S, Teng J. (2010). Ecosystem Services as a stakeholder-driven concept for conservation science. Conservation Biology; 24(3): 907-909.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA). (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis. Island Press.
Ministerio del Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo. (2014). Quinto Informe Nacional de Biodiversidad de Colombia ante el Convenio de Diversidad Biológica . Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. 101 p.
Mukukherjee N, Sutherland W, Dicks L, Hugé J, Koedam N, Dahdouh-Guebas F. (2014). Ecosystem Service Valuations of Mangrove Ecosystems to Inform Decision Making and Future Valuation Exercises. PLoS ONE ; 9(9): e107706. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107706.
Niemeyer S, Spash C. (2001). Environmental valuation analysis, public deliberation, and their pragmatic syntheses: a critical appraisal. Environmental Planning C: Government and Policy; 19(4):p. 567-585.
Ostrom E. (2009). A general framework for analyzing sustainability of socioecological systems. Science; 325: 419-422.
PaudyalK, Baral H, Burkhard B, Bhandari S, Keenan R. (2015). Participatory assessment and mapping of ecosystem services in a data-poor region: Case study of community-managed forests in central Nepal. Ecosystem Services; 81-92
Phillipson J, Lowe P, Bullock JM. (2009). Navigating the social sciences: interdisciplinarity and ecology. Journal of Applied Ecology; 46: 261-264.
Prato T. (1999). Multiple attribute decision analysis for ecosystem management. Ecological Economics; 30: 207-222.
Schröter M, Zanden EH, Oudenhoven AP, Remme RP, Serna-Chavez HM, De Groot R, Opdam P. (2014). Ecosystem services as a contested concept: a synthesis of critique and counter‐arguments. Conservation Letters; 6: 514-523.
Sitas N, Prozesky H, Esler K, Reyers B. (2014). Exploring the gap between ecosystem service research and management in developing planning. Sustainability; 6: 3802-3824.
TEEB. (2010). The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity. Ecological and economics foundations. London: Earthscan
TEEB. (2015). Glosario de Términos. 284-307.
Turoff M. (1970). The Design of a Policy Delphi. Technological Forecasting & Social Change; 2: 149-171.
Vatn A. (2005). Rationality, institutions and environmental policy. Ecological Economics; 55: 203-217.
Vihervaara P, Röka M, Walls M. (2010). Trends in Ecosystem Service Research: Early Steps and Current Drivers. Ambio; 39: 314-324.
Ward H. (1999). Citizens’ juries and valuing the environment. Environmental Politics; 8(2): 75-96
Wilson MA, Howarth RB. (2002). Discourse-based valuation of ecosystem services: establishing fair outcomes through group deliberation. Ecological Economics; 41(3): 431-443.
Barrena J, Nahuelhual L, Báez A, Schiappacasse I, Cerda C. (2014). Valuing cultural ecosystem services: Agricultural heritage in Chiloé island, southern Chile. Ecosystem Services; 7: 66-75.
Bateman I, Carson R, Day B, Hanemann WM, Hanley N, Hett T, et al. (2002). Economic valuation with stated preference techniques: A manual. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Blewitt J. (2014). Understanding sustainable development. New York: Routledge.
Castro A, García-Llorente M, Martín López B, Palomo I, Iniesta-Arandia I, Castro A. (2014). Multidimensional approaches in ecosystem service assessment. En: Alcaraz-Segura, Di Bella CD, Strashnoy J, editores. Earth Observation of Ecosystem Services. Boca Raton CRC Press: 427-454.
Cerda C, De la Maza CL. (2015). Evaluación de servicios ecosistémicos proporcionados por áreas protegidas. Aproximaciones a áreas protegidas chilenas. Santiago: Editorial Gráfica Metropolitana.
Chan KMA, Guerry AD, Balvanera P, et al. (2012a). Where are Cultural and Social in Ecosystem Services? A Framework for Constructive Engagement. BioScience; 62(8): 744-756.
Chan KMA, Satterfeld T, Goldstein J. (2012b). Rethinking ecosystem services to better address and navigate cultural values. Ecological Economics; 74: p. 8-18.
Cienciambiental Consultores. (2014). Recopilación y sistematización de información relativa a estudios de evaluación, mapeo y valorización de Servicios Ecosistémicos en Chile. Consultoría para el Ministerio de Medio Ambiente.
Coote A, Lenaghan J. (1997). Citizens’ Juries: Theory into Pratice. London: Institute for Public Policy Research.
Costanza R, Jorgensen SE. (2002). Understanding and solving environmental problems in the 21st century: toward a new, integrated hard problem science. Gulf Professional Publishing.
Costanza R, Kubiszewski I. (2012). The authorship structure of “ecosystem services” as a transdisciplinary field of scholarship. Ecosystem Services, 1: 16-25.
Daily GC, Polasky S, Goldstein J, Kareiva PM, Mooney HA, Pejchar L, Ricketts TH, Salzman J, Shallenberger R. (2009). Ecosystem services in decision making: Time to deliver. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment; 7: 21-28.
De Groot R, Wilson MA, Boumans RM. (2002). A typology for the classification, description and valuation of ecosystem functions, goods and services. Ecological Economics; 41(3): p. 393-408.
De Groot R, Brander L, Van der Ploeg S, Costanza R, Bernard F, Braat L, Hussain S. (2012). Global estimates of the value of ecosystems and their services in monetary units. Ecosystem services; 1(1): 50-61.
Delgado LE, Marín VH. (2015). Ecosystem services: Where on earth? Ecosystem Services; 14: 24-26.
Delgado L, Torres M, Tironi A, Marín V. (2015). Estrategia de adaptación local al cambio climático para el acceso equitativo al agua en zonas rurales de Chile . América Latina Hoy; 69: 113-137
Farber SC, Costanza R, WilsonMA. (2002). Economic and ecological concepts for valuing ecosystem services. Ecological economics; 41(3): 375-392.
García-Llorente M, Martín-López B, Díaz S, Montes C. (2011). Can ecosystem properties be fully translated into service values? An economic valuation of aquatic plant services. Ecological Applications; 21: 3083-3103
Gómez-Baggethun E, Ruiz-Pérez M. (2011). Economic valuation and the commodification of ecosystem services. Progress in Physical Geography; 35(5): 613-628.
Goulder LH, Kennedy D. (2011). Interpreting and estimating the value of ecosystem services. En: Kareiva P, Tallis H, Ricketts TH, Daily G, Polasky S, editors. Natural Capital-Theory and Practice of Mapping Ecosystem Services. New York: Oxford University Press: 15-33.
Hanley N, Spash C. (1995). Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Environment. Vermont: Edward Elgar.
Iceland C, Hanson C, Lewis C. (2008). Identifying Important Ecosystem Goods and Services in Puget Sound. World Resources Institute.
International Finance Corporation (IFC). (2011). Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources. Guidance Note 6-V2. Disponible en: http://www.ifc.org/sustainability. Consultado mayo 2015.
Jacobs M. (1997). Environmental valuation, deliberative democracy and public decision-making. En: Fister J, editor. Valuing Nature: Economics, Ethics and Environment. England: Rutledge London: 211-231.
Kareiva P, Marvier M. (2010). What is Conservation Science? Bioscience; 62: 962-969
Kelemen E, García-Llorente M, Pataki G, Martín-López B, Gómez-Baggethun E. (2015). Non monetary techniques for the valuation on ecosystem service. En: Potschin M, Jax K. OpeNESS Reference Book. EC FP7 Grant Agreement Nº 308428.
Klain S, Chan K. (2012). Navigating coastal values: Participatory mapping of ecosystem services for spatial planning. Ecological Economics; 82: 104-113.
Kumar M, Kumar P. (2008). Valuation of the ecosystem services: a psycho-cultural perspective. Ecological Economics; 64(4): 808-819.
Martín-López B, Iniesta-Arandia I, García-Llorente M, Palomo I, Casado-Arzuaga I, García del Amo, Gómez-Baggethun, et al. (2012). Uncovering ecosystem services bundles through social preferences: Experimental evidence from Spain. PlosOne; 7: 1-11.
Martín-López B, González JA, Vilardy S. (2012). Ciencias de la sostenibilidad: guía docente. Universidad del Magdalena.
McDaniels TL, Roessler TL. (1998). Multi attribute elicitation of wilderness preservation benefits: a constructive approach. Ecological Economics ; 27: 299-312.
Menzel S, Teng J. (2010). Ecosystem Services as a stakeholder-driven concept for conservation science. Conservation Biology; 24(3): 907-909.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA). (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis. Island Press.
Ministerio del Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo. (2014). Quinto Informe Nacional de Biodiversidad de Colombia ante el Convenio de Diversidad Biológica . Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. 101 p.
Mukukherjee N, Sutherland W, Dicks L, Hugé J, Koedam N, Dahdouh-Guebas F. (2014). Ecosystem Service Valuations of Mangrove Ecosystems to Inform Decision Making and Future Valuation Exercises. PLoS ONE ; 9(9): e107706. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107706.
Niemeyer S, Spash C. (2001). Environmental valuation analysis, public deliberation, and their pragmatic syntheses: a critical appraisal. Environmental Planning C: Government and Policy; 19(4):p. 567-585.
Ostrom E. (2009). A general framework for analyzing sustainability of socioecological systems. Science; 325: 419-422.
PaudyalK, Baral H, Burkhard B, Bhandari S, Keenan R. (2015). Participatory assessment and mapping of ecosystem services in a data-poor region: Case study of community-managed forests in central Nepal. Ecosystem Services; 81-92
Phillipson J, Lowe P, Bullock JM. (2009). Navigating the social sciences: interdisciplinarity and ecology. Journal of Applied Ecology; 46: 261-264.
Prato T. (1999). Multiple attribute decision analysis for ecosystem management. Ecological Economics; 30: 207-222.
Schröter M, Zanden EH, Oudenhoven AP, Remme RP, Serna-Chavez HM, De Groot R, Opdam P. (2014). Ecosystem services as a contested concept: a synthesis of critique and counter‐arguments. Conservation Letters; 6: 514-523.
Sitas N, Prozesky H, Esler K, Reyers B. (2014). Exploring the gap between ecosystem service research and management in developing planning. Sustainability; 6: 3802-3824.
TEEB. (2010). The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity. Ecological and economics foundations. London: Earthscan
TEEB. (2015). Glosario de Términos. 284-307.
Turoff M. (1970). The Design of a Policy Delphi. Technological Forecasting & Social Change; 2: 149-171.
Vatn A. (2005). Rationality, institutions and environmental policy. Ecological Economics; 55: 203-217.
Vihervaara P, Röka M, Walls M. (2010). Trends in Ecosystem Service Research: Early Steps and Current Drivers. Ambio; 39: 314-324.
Ward H. (1999). Citizens’ juries and valuing the environment. Environmental Politics; 8(2): 75-96
Wilson MA, Howarth RB. (2002). Discourse-based valuation of ecosystem services: establishing fair outcomes through group deliberation. Ecological Economics; 41(3): 431-443.
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