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Curcio Borrero CL. Soporte social informal, salud y funcionalidad en el anciano. Hacia Promoc. Salud [Internet]. 1 de enero de 2008 [citado 30 de abril de 2024];13:42-58. Disponible en: https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/hacialapromociondelasalud/article/view/1856
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Existen muchas maneras de considerar el soporte social. Se ha definido en términos de actividades, y de comportamientos, de relaciones o de interacciones y también en términos de la calidad de las relaciones sociales. A pesar de la diversidad de puntos de vista, parece existir un consenso según el cual el soporte social es un constructo complejo y multidimensional que da cuenta de la calidad de las relaciones sociales y se presenta en dos formas: el formal y el informal. El apoyo o soporte formal corresponde a entidades privadas o gubernamentales, instituidas dentro de las estructuras sociopolíticas del Estado. La familia, los amigos y vecinos, componen el sistema de soporte social informal, ellos constituyen las principales fuentes de apoyo de los ancianos. A pesar del creciente interés de los investigadores de establecer lazos entre las relaciones sociales en general, y el soporte social informal en particular, con la salud y la funcionalidad, las investigaciones en torno a la manera como estos procesos se afectan mutuamente presentan aún algunas inconsistencias y confusiones, causadas probablemente por la complejidad de los fenómenos y por la diversidad de enfoques y conceptos utilizados. En consecuencia, aunque en el campo de la gerontología existe suficiente evidencia de las relaciones entre los tres procesos (soporte social informal, funcionalidad y salud), se presentan algunas situaciones problemáticas que limitan la investigación, contribuyen a producir resultados contradictorios y dificultan la aplicación y transferencia de resultados.
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Sarason IG, Levine HM, Basham RB, Sarason BR. Assessing social support: the social support questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 127-139; 1983.
Vaux A, Reidel S, Stewart D. Modes of social support: The social support behaviors (SS-B) scale. American Journal of Community Psychology, 15, 2, 209-237; 1987.
Krause N. Social support. En: Binstock, R.H., George, L.K. (Eds). Handbook of aging and the social sciences. (5th edition). (p. 272-293). San Diego: Academic Press; 2001.
Taylor M, Lynch SM. Trajectories of impairment, social support and depressive symptoms in later life. J Gerontol, 59B, 4, S238-S246, 2004.
Kim HK, Hisata M, Kai I, Lee SK. Social support exchange and quality of life among the Korean elderly. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 15, 331-347, 2000.
Schaefer C, Coyne JC, Lazarus RS. The health-related functions of social support. Journal of behavioral Medicine, 4, 4, 381-406; 1981.
Krause, N. Anticipated support, received support and economic stress among older adults. J gerontol, 52B, 6, P284-P293; 1997.
Walker KN, McBride A, Vachon M. Social support networks and the crisis of bereavement. Social Science and Medicine, 11, 35-41; 1977.
Avlund K, Damsgaard MT, Holstein BE. Social relations and mortality: An eleven-year follow-up study of 70-year-old men and women in Denmark. Social Science and Medicine, 47, 635-643; 1998.
Cantor MH. The informal support system of New Yorks inner city elderly: Is ethnicity a factor? En: D. E. Gelfand, A. J. Kutzik (Eds). Ethnicity and Aging (p. 153-173). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company; 1979.
Froland C. Helping Networks and Human Services. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications; 1981.
Dono JE, Falbe CM, Kail BL, Litwak E, Sherman RH, Siege D. Primary groups in old age: Structure and functions. Research on Aging, 1, 403-433; 1979.
Peters GR, Kaiser MA. (1985). The role of friends and neighbors in providing social support. En: W. J. Sauer, & R. T. Coward (Eds). Social Support Networks and the Care of the Elderly. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company. (Springer Series of Adulthood and Aging).
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NIH Consensus Development Conference Panel. Best paper of the 1980s: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: Geriatric assessment methods for clinical decision-making. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51(10), 1490-1494; 2003.
Gómez JF, Curcio CL. Valoración integral de la salud del anciano. Manizales (Colombia): Gráficas Tizán; 2002.
Andresen E, Rothenberg B, Zimmer JG. Assessing the health status of older adults. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company; 1997.
Berg KO, Maki BE, Williams JI, Holliday PJ, Wood-Dauphinee SL. Clinical and laboratory measures of postural balance in a elderly population. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 73, 1073-1080; 1992.
Branch LG, Meyers AR. ( Assessing physical function in the elderly. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 3(1), 29-51; 1987.
Duncan PW, Chandler J, Studenski S, Hughes M, Prescott B. How do physiological components of balance affect mobility in elderly men? Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 74, 1343-1349; 1993.
Guralnick J, Branch LG, Cummings SR, Curb JD. Physical performance measures in aging research. Journal of Gerontology, Medical Sciences, 44, M141-M146; 1989.
Kane RA. Assessing social fonction in the elderly. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 3(1), 87-98; 1987.
Kane RA, Kane RL. Assessing the Elderly. A Practical Guide to Measurement. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books; 1981.
Katz S, Downs TD, Cash HR, Grotz RC. Progress in development of the index of ADL. The Gerontologist, 10(1), 20-30; 1970.
Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. The Gerontologist, 9(3), 179-186; 1969.
Mathias S, Nayak USL, Issacs B. ( Balance in elderly patients: The Get-up and Go test. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 67, 387-389; 1986.
Podsialo R, Richardson S. The timed Up & Go: A test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 39, 142-148; 1991.
Reuben DB, Siu A. ( An objective measure of physical function of elderly outpatients: The physical performance test. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 38, 1105-1112; 1990.
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