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Bielli, A., Bacci, M. P., & Bruno, G. (2023). Contemporary pharmacological subjectivities: Lucía, an existence on the limit. Cultura Y Droga, 28(36), 107–127. https://doi.org/10.17151/culdr.2023.28.36.5
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Authors
Andrea Bielli
Universidad de la República
María Pilar Bacci
Universidad de la RepúblicaGabriela Bruno
Universidad de la RepúblicaAbstract
This paper aims to problematize the issue of subjectivity that unfolds and transforms in the encounter with pharmaceuticalization processes and that has been identified with the emergence of a "pharmacological subject". As a methodological strategy, the narrative of Lucia, a participant in qualitative research carried out in Montevideo between 2015 and 2017 in which the meanings of the consumption of anxiolytic psychotropic drugs were investigated, is presented and analyzed. For this purpose, the elaborations of psychoanalysis about discomfort in culture, the subject and enjoyment are used with the purpose of giving a new twist to the criticisms that are made from this territory to biological psychiatry and psychopharmacological technology. The results show how the consumption of psychotropic drugs is intertwined with the life of the protagonist, with the questions she asks herself about the cause of her discomfort and about herself, with her fantasies, desires, doubts, and hesitations. It is concluded that, in contrast to the disappearance of the subject announced by psychoanalysis, the processes of pharmaceuticalization, even in the insufficiency of
the drug and the biomedical discourse they use, offer new opportunities to become a subject and to articulate desire, which are established not without contradictions and even at the limit of existence.
Keywords:
References
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Cabas, A.G. (2009). O sujeito na psicanálise de Freud a Lacan: da questão do sujeito ao sujeito em questão. Zahar.
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https://iris.paho.org/bitstream/handle/10665.2/53930/9789974794573_spa.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
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Davis, J. (2020). Chemically Imbalanced. Everyday Suffering, Medication, and Our Troubled Quest for Self-Mastery. University Chicago Press.
Esperanza, G. (2011). Medicalizar a vida. Jerusalinsky, A y Fendrick, S. (orgs.) O Livro Negro da Psicopatologia Contemporânea (E. Rios, Trad.) (pp. 53-59). Via Lettera Editora e Livraria Ltda.
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(Trabajo original publicado en 1930).
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Gaudilliere, J.P. y Sunder-Rajan, K. (2021). Making valuable health: pharmaceuticals,global capital and alternative political economies.
BioSocieties, 16(3), 313-322.https://doi.org/10.1057/s41292-021-00247-3
Hassan, S. E. (2003). Psicoanálisis y psicofármacos en los discursos prevalentes. Acheronta. Revista de Psicoanálisis y Cultura, (18).
https://www.acheronta.org/acheronta18/hassan.htm
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Jerusalinsky, A. (2011). Gotinhas e comprimidos para crianças sem história. Uma psicopatologia pós-moderna para a infância. Jerusalinsky, A y Fendrick, S. (orgs.) O Livro Negro Da Psicopatologia Contemporânea (E. Rios, Trad.) (pp. 231-242).Via Lettera Editora e Livraria Ltda.
Kristeva, J. (1995). Las nuevas enfermedades del alma. Cátedra.
Lacan, J. (1972). Discours de Jacques Lacan à l’Université de Milan le 12 mai 1972.En Lacan in Italia En Italie Lacan, 1953-1978 (pp. 32-55).
La Salamandra. https://ecole-lacanienne.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/1972-05-12.pdf
Lacan, J. (2012). Radiofonía. En J. Lacan Otros escritos (G. Esperanza y otros,Trads.) (pp. 425-471). Paidós.
Lacan, J. (2013). El seminario de Jacques Lacan: Libro XVII. El reverso del psicoanálisis. 1969/1970. Paidós.
Luhrmann, T. (2001). Of two minds. An anthropologist looks at American psychiatry.Vintage Books.
Magherini, G. (1998). ¿Sobrevivirá el psicoanálisis? El desafío de los psicofármacos y de Internet. Una apasionada defensa de la ciencia y de las terapias fundadas por Freud. Asociación Psicoanalítica de Madrid. Biblioteca Nueva.
Martin, E. (2006). The Pharmaceutical Person, BioSocieties, 1(3), pp. 273–287.https://doi.org/10.1017/S1745855206003012Martin, E. (2010).
Self-making and the brain. Subjectivity, 3(4), 366-381. https://doi.org/10.1057/sub.2010.23
Nichter, M. (2003). Pharmaceuticals, the commodification of health, and the health care- medicine use transition. En M. Nichter y M. Nichter (eds.), Anthropology and international health: Asian case studies (pp. 268-333). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Ortega, F. y Vidal, F. (2007). Mapping the Cerebral Subject in Contemporary Culture. Reciis, 1(2), 255-259. https://doi.org/10.3395/reciis.v1i2.90en
Ortner, S.B. (2005). Subjectivity and cultural critique. Anthropological Theory, 5(1), 31-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/1463499605050867
Petryna, A, y Kleinman, A. (2006). The Pharmaceutical Nexus. En A. Petryna,A. Lakoff, y A. Kleinman (eds.), Global Pharmaceuticals: Ethics, Markets, Practices (pp. 1-32). Duke University Press.
Pickersgill, M., Cunningham-Burley, S. y Martin, P. (2011). Constituting neurologic subjects: Neuroscience, subjectivity and the mundane significance of the brain.Subjectivity, 4(3), 346-365. https://doi.org/10.1057/sub.2011.10
Pignarre, P. (2008). La cigale lacanienne et la fourmi pharmaceutique. Epel.
Rose, N. (2007). The Politics of Life Itself: Biomedicine, Power and Subjectivity in the Twenty-First Century. Princeton University Press.
Roudinesco, E. (2000). ¿Por qué el psicoanálisis? Paidós.
Singh, I. (2013). Brain talk: Power and negotiation in children’s discourse about self, brain and behaviour. Sociology of Health and Illness, 35(6), pp. 813–827. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2012.01531.x
Vidal, F. (2009). Brainhood, anthropological figure of modernity. History of the Human Sciences, 22(1), 5-36. http://doi.org/10.1177/0952695108099133
Whyte, S. (2002). Mothers and Children: The Efficacies of Drugs. En S. Reynolds Whyte, S. van der Geest y A. Hardon (eds). Social Lives of Medicines (pp. 23-36).Cambridge University Press.
Williams, S.J., Martin, P. y Gabe, J. (2011). The pharmaceuticalisation of society? A framework for analysis. Sociology of Health and Illness, 33(5),
710-725. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2011.01320.x
Zorzanelli, R. T., y Ortega, F. (2011). Cultura somática, neurociências e subjetividade contemporânea. Psicologia e Sociedade, 23(SPECIALISSUE), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-71822011000400005
https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038510369368
Amigo, S. (2011). Ciencia y psicoanálisis: ¿Es el sujeto de la ciencia el mismo que el del psicoanálisis? ¿Qué significa investigar, en psicoanálisis? Escuela Freudiana de Buenos Aires. http://biblioteca.efbaires.com.ar/files/texts/TextoOnline_25.pdf
Assoun, P-L. (2008). Lacan. Amorrortu.
Bell, S. E. y Figert, A. E. (2012).‘Medicalization and pharmaceuticalization at the intersections: Looking backward, sideways and forward’, Social Science and Medicine, 75(5), pp. 775–783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.04.002
Biehl, J. (2007). Pharmaceuticalization: AIDS Treatment and Global Health Politics. Anthropological Quarterly, 80(4), 1083-1126.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/30052774
Biehl, J. (2011). Human Pharmakon: The Anthropology of Technological Lives. En J.Wentzel Van Huyssteen and E.P. Wiebe (eds.) In Search of Self: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Personhood (pp. 273-299). Eerdmans Publishing.
Biehl, J. (2013). Vita. Life in a Zone of Social Abandonment. University of California Press.
Bröer, C. y Heerings, M. (2013). Neurobiology in public and private discourse: The case of adults with ADHD, Sociology of Health and Illness, 35(1), pp. 49–65.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2012.01477.x
Cabas, A.G. (2009). O sujeito na psicanálise de Freud a Lacan: da questão do sujeito ao sujeito em questão. Zahar.
Carrasco, P. (2015). Costos compartidos en salud: gasto de bolsillo y protección financiera. En M. Fernández Galeano, E. Levcovitz y D Olesker (comp.). Economía, política y economía política para el acceso y la cobertura universal en salud en Uruguay (pp. 159-195). OPS.
https://iris.paho.org/bitstream/handle/10665.2/53930/9789974794573_spa.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Castro, X. (2013). Salud mental sin sujeto. Sobre la expulsión de la subjetividad de las prácticas actuales en salud mental. Revista CS, (11), 73-114. https://doi.org/10.18046/recs.i11.1567
Davis, J. (2020). Chemically Imbalanced. Everyday Suffering, Medication, and Our Troubled Quest for Self-Mastery. University Chicago Press.
Esperanza, G. (2011). Medicalizar a vida. Jerusalinsky, A y Fendrick, S. (orgs.) O Livro Negro da Psicopatologia Contemporânea (E. Rios, Trad.) (pp. 53-59). Via Lettera Editora e Livraria Ltda.
Freud, S. (1996). El malestar en la cultura. En J. L. Etcheverry (Trad.), Obras completas (Vol. 21, pp. 57-140). Amorrortu.
(Trabajo original publicado en 1930).
Galende, E. (2008). Psicofármacos y salud mental. La ilusión de no ser. Lugar Editorial.
Gaudilliere, J.P. y Sunder-Rajan, K. (2021). Making valuable health: pharmaceuticals,global capital and alternative political economies.
BioSocieties, 16(3), 313-322.https://doi.org/10.1057/s41292-021-00247-3
Hassan, S. E. (2003). Psicoanálisis y psicofármacos en los discursos prevalentes. Acheronta. Revista de Psicoanálisis y Cultura, (18).
https://www.acheronta.org/acheronta18/hassan.htm
Jenkins, J.H. (2011). Psychopharmaceutical Self and Imaginary in the Social Field of Psychiatric Treatment. En J.H. Jenkins (ed.), Pharmaceutical Self: The Global Shaping of Experience in an Age of Psychopharmacology (pp. 17-40). School for Advanced Research Press.
Jerusalinsky, A. (2011). Gotinhas e comprimidos para crianças sem história. Uma psicopatologia pós-moderna para a infância. Jerusalinsky, A y Fendrick, S. (orgs.) O Livro Negro Da Psicopatologia Contemporânea (E. Rios, Trad.) (pp. 231-242).Via Lettera Editora e Livraria Ltda.
Kristeva, J. (1995). Las nuevas enfermedades del alma. Cátedra.
Lacan, J. (1972). Discours de Jacques Lacan à l’Université de Milan le 12 mai 1972.En Lacan in Italia En Italie Lacan, 1953-1978 (pp. 32-55).
La Salamandra. https://ecole-lacanienne.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/1972-05-12.pdf
Lacan, J. (2012). Radiofonía. En J. Lacan Otros escritos (G. Esperanza y otros,Trads.) (pp. 425-471). Paidós.
Lacan, J. (2013). El seminario de Jacques Lacan: Libro XVII. El reverso del psicoanálisis. 1969/1970. Paidós.
Luhrmann, T. (2001). Of two minds. An anthropologist looks at American psychiatry.Vintage Books.
Magherini, G. (1998). ¿Sobrevivirá el psicoanálisis? El desafío de los psicofármacos y de Internet. Una apasionada defensa de la ciencia y de las terapias fundadas por Freud. Asociación Psicoanalítica de Madrid. Biblioteca Nueva.
Martin, E. (2006). The Pharmaceutical Person, BioSocieties, 1(3), pp. 273–287.https://doi.org/10.1017/S1745855206003012Martin, E. (2010).
Self-making and the brain. Subjectivity, 3(4), 366-381. https://doi.org/10.1057/sub.2010.23
Nichter, M. (2003). Pharmaceuticals, the commodification of health, and the health care- medicine use transition. En M. Nichter y M. Nichter (eds.), Anthropology and international health: Asian case studies (pp. 268-333). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Ortega, F. y Vidal, F. (2007). Mapping the Cerebral Subject in Contemporary Culture. Reciis, 1(2), 255-259. https://doi.org/10.3395/reciis.v1i2.90en
Ortner, S.B. (2005). Subjectivity and cultural critique. Anthropological Theory, 5(1), 31-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/1463499605050867
Petryna, A, y Kleinman, A. (2006). The Pharmaceutical Nexus. En A. Petryna,A. Lakoff, y A. Kleinman (eds.), Global Pharmaceuticals: Ethics, Markets, Practices (pp. 1-32). Duke University Press.
Pickersgill, M., Cunningham-Burley, S. y Martin, P. (2011). Constituting neurologic subjects: Neuroscience, subjectivity and the mundane significance of the brain.Subjectivity, 4(3), 346-365. https://doi.org/10.1057/sub.2011.10
Pignarre, P. (2008). La cigale lacanienne et la fourmi pharmaceutique. Epel.
Rose, N. (2007). The Politics of Life Itself: Biomedicine, Power and Subjectivity in the Twenty-First Century. Princeton University Press.
Roudinesco, E. (2000). ¿Por qué el psicoanálisis? Paidós.
Singh, I. (2013). Brain talk: Power and negotiation in children’s discourse about self, brain and behaviour. Sociology of Health and Illness, 35(6), pp. 813–827. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2012.01531.x
Vidal, F. (2009). Brainhood, anthropological figure of modernity. History of the Human Sciences, 22(1), 5-36. http://doi.org/10.1177/0952695108099133
Whyte, S. (2002). Mothers and Children: The Efficacies of Drugs. En S. Reynolds Whyte, S. van der Geest y A. Hardon (eds). Social Lives of Medicines (pp. 23-36).Cambridge University Press.
Williams, S.J., Martin, P. y Gabe, J. (2011). The pharmaceuticalisation of society? A framework for analysis. Sociology of Health and Illness, 33(5),
710-725. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2011.01320.x
Zorzanelli, R. T., y Ortega, F. (2011). Cultura somática, neurociências e subjetividade contemporânea. Psicologia e Sociedade, 23(SPECIALISSUE), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-71822011000400005
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