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Ruiz Arboleda, S. (2022). Psychopharmaceuticals, drugs, and neuro-governmentality. Legality and "The clinic": Who governs the prescription?. Cultura Y Droga, 27(34), 17–41. https://doi.org/10.17151/culdr.2022.27.34.2
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Sebastián Ruiz Arboleda
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Abstract
Objectives: To explore the concepts of governmentality, biopower and subjectification observing them together with the evolution of the contemporary neuro-explanatory discourse, and to critically review a local legislative gesture on cannabis trying to corroborate the coherence between it, the neuro-narratives of the disease and the pending problems in neurological and mental health. Methods: Critical reflection exercise on a selection of digital bibliography. Results and Conclusions: When mental health is a government issue, the first line is the use of psychotropic drugs and stigmatization. The availability of neuro-knowledge allows the exercise of power through the application of technological devices on the brains (on behalf of people) and the relationships between minds, people and things like psychopharmaceutical substances called "drugs". A critical view of legislation on Cannabis in Colombia shows that it does not seem to seek the benefit of the population nor is it consistent with a comprehensive approach to neuropsychiatric disease in the country.
Keywords:
References
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https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781315835259
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El Colombiano. (2021, noviembre 18). Congreso hunde proyecto que regularía el uso recreativo de marihuana. https://bit.ly/3bxGPMV
eQTLGen Consortium, BIOS Consortium, the Bipolar Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Stahl, E. A., Breen, G., Forstner, A. J.,
McQuillin, A., Ripke, S., Trubetskoy, V., Mattheisen, M., Wang, Y., Coleman, J. R. I., Gaspar, H. A., de Leeuw, C. A., Steinberg, S., Pavlides, J. M. W., Trzaskowski, M., Byrne, E. M., Pers, T. H., … Sklar, P. (2019). Genome-wide association study identifies 30 loci associated with bipolar disorder. Nature Genetics, 51(5), 793-803. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0397-8
Ferber, S. G., Namdar, D., Hen-Shoval, D., Eger, G., Koltai, H., Shoval, G., Shbiro, L. y Weller, A. (2020). The “Entourage Effect”: Terpenes Coupled with
Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Mood Disorders and Anxiety Disorders. Current Neuropharmacology, 18(2), 87-96.
https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X17666190903103923
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Hampson, A. J., Grimaldi, M., Axelrod, J. y Wink, D. (1998). Cannabidiol and (-) 9-tetrahydrocannabinol are neuroprotective antioxidants. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, 95(14), 8268-8273.
Hillhouse, T. M. y Porter, J. H. (2015). A brief history of the development of antidepressant drugs: From monoamines to glutamate. Experimental and Clinical
Psychopharmacology, 23(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038550
Hofhansel, L., Weidler, C., Votinov, M., Clemens, B., Raine, A. y Habel, U. (2020). Morphology of the criminal brain: Gray matter reductions are linked to antisocial behavior in offenders. Brain Structure and Function, 225(7), 2017-2028. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-020-02106-6
Howell, J. D. (2016). Early clinical use of the X-Ray. Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association, 127, 9.
Krauss, J. (2021, noviembre 9). Colombian leader sees opportunity in cannabis, but not coca. AP NEWS. https://bit.ly/3SwIhQk
Lameka, K., Farwell, M. D. y Ichise, M. (2016). Positron Emission Tomography. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 135, 209-227). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53485-9.00011-8
Lawlor, L. y Nale, J. (Eds.). (2013). Subjectification. In The Cambridge Foucault Lexicon (pp. 496-502). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139022309.087
Lee, M. (2011). The history of Ephedra (ma-huang). Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 41(1), 78-84. https://doi.org/10.4997/JRCPE.2011.116
Lord, C., Brugha, T. S., Charman, T., Cusack, J., Dumas, G., Frazier, T., Jones, E. J. H., Jones, R. M., Pickles, A., State, M. W., Taylor, J. L. y Veenstra-VanderWeele, J. (2020). Autism spectrum disorder. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 6(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-019-0138-4
Magee, J. C. y Grienberger, C. (2020). Synaptic Plasticity Forms and Functions. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 43(1), 95-117. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurevneuro-090919-022842
Martínez-Hernaez, A. (2020). Neuronarratives of Affliction: Antidepressants, Neuropolitics and the “Entrepreneur of Oneself”. Culture, Medicine, and
Psychiatry, 44(2), 230-248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-019-09651-8
Matthews, S., Dwyer, R. y Snoek, A. (2017). Stigma and Self-Stigma in Addiction. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 14(2), 275-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-017-9784-y
McGowan, P. O., Sasaki, A., D’Alessio, A. C., Dymov, S., Labonté, B., Szyf, M., Turecki, G. y Meaney, M. J. (2009). Epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in human brain associates with childhood abuse. Nature Neuroscience, 12(3), 342-348. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2270
Mecha, M., Carrillo-Salinas, F. J., Feliú, A., Mestre, L. y Guaza, C. (2020). Perspectives on Cannabis-Based Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis: A Mini-Review. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 14, 34. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2020.00034
Mejía, O. (2021, noviembre 10). En Manizales buscan incentivar vacunación anticovid con bono de $30 mil para rumba. La Patria. https://bit.ly/3zADJ2G
Mirescu, C., Peters, J. D. y Gould, E. (2004). Early life experience alters response of adult neurogenesis to stress. Nature Neuroscience, 7(8), 841-846. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1290
Moisse, K. (2012). DSM-5 Criticized for Financial Conflicts of Interest. ABC News. https://abcn.ws/2QPSrdR
More, S. V. y Choi, D.-K. (2015). Promising cannabinoid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease: Motor symptoms to neuroprotection. Molecular
Neurodegeneration, 10(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-015-0012-0
OCDE. (2017). Health at a Glance 2017. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/health_glance-2017-en
Pellagatti, F. y Suardiaz, C. W. (2021). Cannabis as counterhegemony: Breaks and strategic bets in daily life. Cultura y Droga, 26(31), 21.
Pigott, H. E., Leventhal, A. M., Alter, G. S. y Boren, J. J. (2010). Efficacy and Effectiveness of Antidepressants: Current Status of Research. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 79(5), 267-279. https://doi.org/10.1159/000318293
Plemmons, A. (2021, septiembre 22). Why Your Therapist Should Be Able to Prescribe Pills. US News & World Report. https://bit.ly/3QSOh4h
Raine, A., Yang, Y., Narr, K. L. y Toga, A. W. (2011). Sex differences in orbitofrontal gray as a partial explanation for sex differences in antisocial personality. Molecular Psychiatry, 16(2), 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2009.136
Rasmussen, N. (2006). Making the First Anti-Depressant: Amphetamine in American Medicine, 1929-1950. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences,
61(3), 288-323. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrj039
Rasmussen, N. (2011). Medical Science and the Military: The Allies’ Use of Amphetamine during World War II World. Journal of Interdisciplinary History,
XLII:2, 205-233.
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