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Politi, M., Friso, F., & Mabit, J. (2018). Terapia asistida por plantas para el tratamiento de los trastornos por uso de sustancias - parte 1. El caso del centro takiwasi y otras experiencias similares. Cultura Y Droga, 23(26). https://doi.org/10.17151/culdr.2018.23.26.6
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Objetivo. Este artículo tiene como objetivo dar una visión de los centros en las Américas que utilizan plantas medicinales tradicionales o sus derivados en el tratamiento de la dependencia a sustancias. Metodología. A tal fin, hemos considerado un número reducido de plantas provenientes de América del Sur, América Central y América del Norte. La investigación se ha basado en la literatura científica, el intercambio de información con los centros de tratamiento, las búsquedas en internet y la experiencia personal de los autores. Resultados y discusión. Los resultados muestran la relevancia de ciertas plantas psicoactivas bien conocidas también por inducir estados modificados de conciencia (EMC) como ayahuasca, coca, wachuma, tabaco, hongos psilocibios, Salvia divinorum y peyote. Conclusiones. La terapia asistida por plantas para el tratamiento de trastornos por uso de sustancias parece ser un campo de investigación prometedor, aunque la validación de los resultados clínicos debe mejorarse para la mayoría de los casos analizados.
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Giove, R. (2002). La liana de los muertos al rescate de la vida, medicina tradicional amazónica en el tratamiento de las toxicomanías.Tarapoto, Perú: Takiwasi.
Gone, J. (2012). Indigenous traditional knowledge and substance abuse treatment outcomes: the problem of efficacy evaluation. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 38 (5), 493-497.
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Grob, C., McKenna, D., Callaway, J., Brito, G., Oberlaender, G., Saide, O., . . . Boone, K. (1996). Human Psychopharmacology of Hoasca: a plant hallucinogen used in ritual context in Brazil. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders, 184 (2), 86-94.
Gureje, O., Nortje, G., Makanjuola, V., Oladeji, B., Seedat, S., & Jenkins, R. (2015). The role of global traditional and complementary systems of medicine in treating mental health problems. Lancet Psychiatry, 2, 168-177.
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Halpern, J., Sherwood, A., Passie, T., Blackwell, K., & Ruttenber, A. (2008). Evidence of health and safety in American members of a religion who use a hallucinogenic sacrament. Medical Science Monitor, 14 (08), 15-22.
Hamill, J., Hallak, J., Dursun, S., & Baker, G. (2018). Ayahuasca: Psychological and Physiologic Effects, Pharmacology and Potential Uses in Addiction and Mental Illness. Curr Neuropharmacol, [Epub ahead of print] Jan 24.
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Horák, M., Verter, N., & Somerlíková, K. (2014). Efficacy of drug rehab centers in Nicaragua, Peru, and the Czech Republic. Adiktologie, 14 (4), 428-439.
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Jilek, W.G. (1994). Traditional Healing in the Prevention and Treatment of Alcohol and Drug Abuse. Transcultural Psychiatry, 31 (3), 219-258.
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Kivell, B., Ewald, A., & Risinzano, T. (2014). Salvinorin A analogs and other kappa opioid receptor compounds as treatments for cocaine abuse. Adv Pharmacol, 69, 481–511.
Labate, B., Santos, R., Anderson, B., Barbosa, P., & Mercante, M. (2009). Considerações sobre o tratamento da dependência por meio da ayahuasca. Núcleo de estudos Interdisciplinares sobre Psicoativos. Recuperado de http://www.neip.info/downloads/textos%20novos/labate_et_all_tratamento_dependencia_ayahuasca_final.pdf.
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Lapunov, D. (2008). Tres duelos en la adicción. Itinerario: Revista del Instituto de Psicología Clínica de la Facultad de Psicología de la UdelaR, 4(10).
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Loizaga-Velder, A. (2012). A psychotherapeutic view on therapeutic effects of ritual ayahuasca use in the treatment of addiction. MAPS Bulletin Special Edition, 23 (1), 36-40.
Lu, L., Liu, Y., Shi, J., Liu, Y., Ling, W., & Koster, T. (2009). Traditional medicine in the treatment of drug addiction. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 35 (1), 1-11.
Mabit, J. (1993). Adicción y shamanismo budista - El monasterio de las cuevas del bambú. Revista Takiwasi, 2, 57-78.
Mabit, J. (2001). L’alternative des savoirs autochtones au «tout ou rien» thérapeutique. Psychotropes, 7, 7-18.
Mabit, J. (2007). Ayahuasca in the treatment of addictions. In T. Robert, & M. Winkelman, Psychedelic Medicine (V. 2): New Evidence for Hallucinogic Substances as Treatments (pp. 87-103). USA: Praeger Ed.
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