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Pacheco, M., Paramo, J., & Acero, A. (2019). Primera evidencia de la estructura espacial y relaciones morfométricas del pez gallo enano Zenion hololepis (Goode y Bean, 1896) (Zeiformes: Zeniontidae): un pez de aguas profundas en el caribe colombiano. Boletín Científico Centro De Museos Museo De Historia Natural, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2019.23.1.9
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Objetivos: El objetivo de esta investigación es describir por primera vez los patrones de distribución espacial y batimétrica de la biomasa del pez gallo enano de aguas profundas (Zenion hololepis) en el Caribe colombiano. Metodología: Las muestras fueron tomadas por arrastre en profundidades entre 200 y 550 m. Se registró la longitud total, sexo y número de individuos de Z. hololepis en cada estación. Se hicieron las relaciones morfométricas: longitud total (TL) frente longitud estándar (SL); TL frente altura del cuerpo (BH); TL frente diámetro del ojo (ED); TL frente altura de la cabeza (HL). Se usó un análisis geoestadístico para describir
la estructura espacial de la distribución de Z. hololepis. Resultados: La talla de las hembras de Z. hololepis varió entre 58,06 y 121,75 mm de longitud total (media 80,97 mm, ±13,12) y para los machos entre 57,42 y 114,77 mm LT (media 77,77 mm, ±13,82). Los machos fueron más pequeños que las hembras. La estructura de tallas para hembras y machos mostró un incremento con la profundidad. La biomasa mayor estuvo distribuida entre Cartagena y el Golfo de Morrosquillo. En la zona sur esta especie reveló altas abundancias entre Santa Marta y Riohacha. Esta especie estuvo distribuida entre 230 y 443 m, pero las mayores biomasas se
encontraron entre 320 y 370 m. Conclusiones: Se requiere más investigación para conocer los parámetros del ciclo de vida de los peces de profundidad en el Caribe colombiano tales como crecimiento, reproducción, reclutamiento, mortalidad, áreas y épocas de desove. Es necesario un enfoque altamente precautorio sobre estas especies de profundidad debido a su vulnerabilidad al aprovechamiento pesquero.
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ANDRADE, C.A., BARTON, E.D. & MOOERS, C.H.N.K., 2003.- Evidence for an eastward flow along the Central and South American Caribbean Coastal. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108: 1-11.
ABRAMOV, A. & LIPSKAYA, H., 1989.- On the feeding of Epigonus elegans in the region of the Nazca ridge. Journal of Ichthyology, 29(1): 129-134.
ALLEN, T., JIMÉNEZ, M. & VILLAFRANCA, S., 2006.- Estructura y categorías tróficas de peces asociados a praderas de Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitales, Hydrocharitaceae) en el Golfo de Cariaco, Estado de Sucre, Venezuela. Investigaciones Marinas Valparaíso, 34(2): 125-136.
BASTOS DE SÃO, R.R., 2014.- Estudo comparativo da alimentação de peixes bentopelágicos no talude continental Brasileiro entre 12° e 23° S: Tesis, Maestría Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Río de Janeiro.
BURNHAM, K.P. & ANDERSON, D.R., 2003.- Model selection and multimodel inference: A practical information-theoretic approach. New York: Springer.
CLARO, R., 1994.- Características generales de la ictiofauna: 55-70 (en) CLARO, R. (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. La Habana: Instituto de Oceanología Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo.
CRESSIE, N.A.C., 1993.- Statistics for spatial data. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
CUSHING, D.H., 1983.- Climate and Fisheries. London: Academic Press.
DEVINE, J.A., BAKER, K.D. & HAEDRICH, R.L., 2006.- Fisheries: Deep-sea fishes qualify as endangered. Nature, 439: 29.
FERNÁNDEZ-ARCAYA, U., ROTLLANT, G., RAMÍREZ-LLODRA, E., RECASENS, L., AGUZZI, J. & FLEXAS, M., et al., 2013.- Reproductive biology and recruitment of the deep-sea fish community from the NW Mediterranean continental margin. Progress in Oceanography, 118: 222-234.
FOLLESA, M.C., PORCU, C., CABIDDU, S., MULAS, A., DEIANA, A.M. & CAU, A., 2011.- Deepwater fish assemblages in the central-western Mediterranean (south Sardinian deep-waters). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27: 129-135.
FRASER, H.M., GREENSTREET, S.P.R. & PIET, G.J., 2009.- Selecting MPAs to conserve groundfish biodiversity: The consequences of failing to account for catchability in survey trawls. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 82-89.
FROESE, R. & SAMPANG, A., 2004.- Taxonomy and biology of seamount fishes: 25-31 (en) MORATO, T. & PAULY, D. (ed.) Biodiversity and Fisheries. Vancouver: Fisheries Centre Research Reports.
GOMES, F.M., 2008.- Caracterização da estrutura da comunidade nectônica demersal da plataforma externa e talude superior da região sul do brasil (28°s-34°s): Tesis, Maestría Oceanografia Biológica, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Río de Janeiro.
GOTELLI, N.J. & ELLISON, A.M., 2004.- A primer of ecological statistics. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.
HAEDRICH, R.L. & ROWE, G.T., 1977.- Megafaunal biomass in the deep-sea. Nature, 269: 141-142.
HAEDRICH, R.L. & BARNES, S.M., 1997.- Changes over time of the size structure in an exploited shelf fish community. Fisheries Research, 31: 229-239.
HEEMSTRA, P.C., 1999.- Macrurocyttidae. Dwarf dories: 2258 (en) CARPENTER, K.E. & NIEM, V.H. (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Bony fishes. (Mugilidae to Carangidae). Volume 4. Part 2. Rome: FAO.
HART, P.J.B. & PEARSON, E., 2011.- An application of the theory of island biogeography to fish speciation on seamounts. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 430: 281-288.
HASTIE, T.J. & TIBSHIRANI, R.J., 1990.- Generalized Additive Models. London: Chapman & Hall.
HILBORN, R. & WALTERS, C.J., 1992.- Quantitative fisheries stock assessment. Choice, Dynamics and Uncertainty. London: Chapman & Hall.
ISAAKS, E.H. & SRIVASTAVA, R.M., 1989.- An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics. New York: Oxford University Press.
JACKSON, J. & JACQUET, J., 2011.- The shifting baselines syndrome: Perception, deception, and the future of our oceans: 128-141 (en) CHRISTENSEN, V. & MACLEAN, J. (ed.) Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries. New York: Oxford University Press.
KOSLOW, J.A., BOEHLERT, G.W., GORDON, J.D.M., HAEDRICH, R.L., LORANCE, P. & PARIN, N., 2000.- Continental slope and deep-sea fisheries: Implications for a fragile ecosystem. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57: 548-557.
LEAL, E., CONTRERAS, F., OYARZUN, C., 2009.- Distribución, batimetría y alimentación de Epigonus crassicaudus (de Buen, 1959) (Perciformes: Epigonidae) en la costa de Chile. Gayana, 73(1): 95-101.
LOVE, R.M., 1970.- The chemical biology of fishes. London: Academic Press.
LOVE, R.M., 1980.- The chemical biology of fishes. Advances 1968-1977. Vol. 2. London, New York: Academic Press.
MACDONALD, P.D. & PITCHER, T.J., 1979.- Age-groups from size - frequency data: A versatile and efficient method of analyzing distribution mixtures. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 36: 987-1001.
MARASCO, R.J., GOODMAN, D., GRIMES, C.B., LAWSON, P.W., PUNT, A.E. & QUINN, T.J., 2007.- Ecosystem-based fisheries management: Some practical suggestions. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 64: 928-939.
MARTINS, R., COSTA, F.O., MURTA, A.G., CARNEIRO, M. & LANDI, M., 2012.- First record of Zenion hololepis (Zeniontidae) in Portuguese continental waters: The northernmost occurrence in the eastern Atlantic. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5: 1-3.
MÉRIGOT, B., BERTRAND, J.A., GAERTNER, J.C., DURBEC, J.P., MAZOUNI, N. & MANTÉ, C., 2007.- The multicomponent structuration of the species diversity of groundfish assemblages of the east coast of Corsica (Mediterranean Sea): Variation according to the bathymetric strata. Fisheries Research, 88: 120-132.
MORATO, T., WATSON, R., PITCHER, T.J. & PAULY, D., 2006.- Fishing down the Deep. Fish and Fisheries, 7(1): 24-34.
PARAMO, J., 2015.- Deep-sea fishery in the Colombian Caribbean Sea: Management and conservation strategies for an ecosystem approach to fisheries: 16-18 (en) FAO Report of the first meeting of the WECAFC Working Group on the Management of Deep-sea Fisheries. Bridgetown: FAO.
PARAMO, J. & ROA, R., 2003.- Acoustic-geostatistical assessment and habitat-abundance relations of small pelagic fish from the Colombian Caribbean. Fisheries Research, 60: 309-319.
PARAMO, J., QUIÑONES, R.A., RAMÍREZ, A. & WIFF, R., 2003.- Relationship between biomass density of small pelagic and environmental factors in the Colombian Caribbean Sea: An analysis based on hydroacoustic information. Aquatic Living Resources, 16(3): 239-245.
PARAMO, J., CORREA, M. & NÚÑEZ, S., 2011.- Evidencias de desacople físico-biológico en el sistema de surgencia en La Guajira, Caribe colombiano. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 46(3): 421-430.
PARAMO, J., GUILLOT, L., BENAVIDES, S., RODRÍGUEZ, A. & SÁNCHEZ, C., 2009.- Aspectos poblacionales y ecológicos de peces demersales de la zona norte del Caribe colombiano en relación con el hábitat: una herramienta para identificar Áreas Marinas Protegidas (AMPs) para el manejo pesquero. Caldasia, 31(1): 123-144.
PARAMO, J., WOLFF, M. & SAINT-PAUL, U., 2012.- Deep-sea fish assemblages in the Colombian Caribbean Sea. Fisheries Research, 125-126: 87-98.
PARAMO, J. & SAINT-PAUL, U., 2012.- Deep-sea shrimps Aristaeomorpha foliacea and Pleoticus robustus (Crustacea: Penaeoidea) in the Colombian Caribbean Sea as a new potential fishing resource. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 92(4): 811-818.
PARAMO, J. & SAINT-PAUL, U., 2012.- Spatial structure of deep sea lobster (Metanephrops binghami) in the Colombian Caribbean Sea. Helgoland Marine Research, 66: 25-31.
PARAMO, J. & SAINT-PAUL, U., 2012.- Spatial structure of the pink speckled deep-sea shrimp Penaeopsis serrata (Bate, 1881) (Decapoda, Penaeidae) during november-december 2009 in the Colombian Caribbean Sea. Crustaceana, 85(1): 103-116.
PARIN, N.V., MIRONOV, A.N. & NESIS, K.N., 1997.- Biology of the Nazca and Sala-y-Gomez submarine ridges, an outpost of the Indo-West Pacific fauna in the Eastern Pacific ocean: Composition and distribution of the fauna, its community and history. Advances in Marine Biology, 32: 145-242.
PATOKINA, F. & LITVINOV, F., 2005.- Food composition and distribution of elasmobranches on the shelf and upper slope of the Eastern Central Atlantic. ICES CM, 26.
PETITGAS, P., 1993.- Geostatistics for fish stock assessments: A review and an acoustic application. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 50: 285-298.
PETITGAS, P. & PRAMPART, A., 1995.- EVA: Estimation variance: A geostatistical software for structure characterization and variance computation. Montpellier: Editions Orstom.
POLLINI, P., HAEDRICH, R.L., ROWE, G. & CLIFFORD, C.H., 1979.- The size-depth relationship in deep ocean animals. Hydrobiologia, 64(1): 39-46.
RIVOIRARD, J., SIMMONDS, J., FOOTE, K.G., FERNANDES, P. & BEZ, N., 2000.- Geostatistics for estimating fish abundance. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
ROA-VARÓN, A., SAAVEDRA-DÍAZ, L., ACERO, A., MEJÍA, L. & NAVAS, G., 2003.- Nuevos registros de peces óseos para el Caribe colombiano de los Ordenes Beryciformes, Zeiformes, Perciformes y Tetraodontiformes. Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, 32(1): 3-24.
ROBERTS, C.M., 2002.- Deep impact: The rising toll of fishing in the deep sea. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 17: 242-245.
ROMERO-RODRÍGUEZ, D., BERNAL, G. & ZEA, S., 2014.- Variables ambientales durante blanqueamiento coralino en el Caribe colombiano. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 38(149): 347-355.
STEFANESCU, C., RUCABADO, J. & LLORIS, D., 1992.- Depth-size trends in western Mediterranean demersal deep-sea fishes. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 81: 205-213.
SANCHES, J.G., 1991.- Catálogo dos principais peixes marinhos da República de Guiné-Bissau. Lisboa: Instituto Nacional de Investigacao das Pescas.
SCOTT, W.B. & SCOTT, M.G., 1988.- Atlantic fishes of Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
SHIN, Y.J., ROCHET, M.J., JENNINGS, S., FIELD, J.G. & GISLASON, H., 2005.- Using size-based indicators to evaluate the ecosystem effects of fishing. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 62: 384-396.
WORM, B., BARBIER, E.B., BEAUMONT, N., DUFFY, J.E., FOLKE, C. & HALPERN, B.S., et al., 2006.- Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services. Science, 314: 787-790.
YANG, J., HUANG, Z., CHEN, S. & LI, Q., 1996.- The Deep-Water Pelagic Fishes in the Area from Nansha Islands to the Northeast part of South China Sea. Beijing: Science Publication Company.
ZETINA, M.C., RÍOS, L.G. & CERVERA, C.K., 1996.- Relaciones morfométricas de la langosta Panulirus argus de las costas de Yucatán, México. Ciencia Pesquera, 12: 41-45.
ZAR, J.H. 2010.- Biostatistical Analysis. Edinburgh: Pearson.
ABRAMOV, A. & LIPSKAYA, H., 1989.- On the feeding of Epigonus elegans in the region of the Nazca ridge. Journal of Ichthyology, 29(1): 129-134.
ALLEN, T., JIMÉNEZ, M. & VILLAFRANCA, S., 2006.- Estructura y categorías tróficas de peces asociados a praderas de Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitales, Hydrocharitaceae) en el Golfo de Cariaco, Estado de Sucre, Venezuela. Investigaciones Marinas Valparaíso, 34(2): 125-136.
BASTOS DE SÃO, R.R., 2014.- Estudo comparativo da alimentação de peixes bentopelágicos no talude continental Brasileiro entre 12° e 23° S: Tesis, Maestría Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Río de Janeiro.
BURNHAM, K.P. & ANDERSON, D.R., 2003.- Model selection and multimodel inference: A practical information-theoretic approach. New York: Springer.
CLARO, R., 1994.- Características generales de la ictiofauna: 55-70 (en) CLARO, R. (ed.) Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba. La Habana: Instituto de Oceanología Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo.
CRESSIE, N.A.C., 1993.- Statistics for spatial data. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
CUSHING, D.H., 1983.- Climate and Fisheries. London: Academic Press.
DEVINE, J.A., BAKER, K.D. & HAEDRICH, R.L., 2006.- Fisheries: Deep-sea fishes qualify as endangered. Nature, 439: 29.
FERNÁNDEZ-ARCAYA, U., ROTLLANT, G., RAMÍREZ-LLODRA, E., RECASENS, L., AGUZZI, J. & FLEXAS, M., et al., 2013.- Reproductive biology and recruitment of the deep-sea fish community from the NW Mediterranean continental margin. Progress in Oceanography, 118: 222-234.
FOLLESA, M.C., PORCU, C., CABIDDU, S., MULAS, A., DEIANA, A.M. & CAU, A., 2011.- Deepwater fish assemblages in the central-western Mediterranean (south Sardinian deep-waters). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 27: 129-135.
FRASER, H.M., GREENSTREET, S.P.R. & PIET, G.J., 2009.- Selecting MPAs to conserve groundfish biodiversity: The consequences of failing to account for catchability in survey trawls. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 82-89.
FROESE, R. & SAMPANG, A., 2004.- Taxonomy and biology of seamount fishes: 25-31 (en) MORATO, T. & PAULY, D. (ed.) Biodiversity and Fisheries. Vancouver: Fisheries Centre Research Reports.
GOMES, F.M., 2008.- Caracterização da estrutura da comunidade nectônica demersal da plataforma externa e talude superior da região sul do brasil (28°s-34°s): Tesis, Maestría Oceanografia Biológica, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Río de Janeiro.
GOTELLI, N.J. & ELLISON, A.M., 2004.- A primer of ecological statistics. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.
HAEDRICH, R.L. & ROWE, G.T., 1977.- Megafaunal biomass in the deep-sea. Nature, 269: 141-142.
HAEDRICH, R.L. & BARNES, S.M., 1997.- Changes over time of the size structure in an exploited shelf fish community. Fisheries Research, 31: 229-239.
HEEMSTRA, P.C., 1999.- Macrurocyttidae. Dwarf dories: 2258 (en) CARPENTER, K.E. & NIEM, V.H. (ed.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Bony fishes. (Mugilidae to Carangidae). Volume 4. Part 2. Rome: FAO.
HART, P.J.B. & PEARSON, E., 2011.- An application of the theory of island biogeography to fish speciation on seamounts. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 430: 281-288.
HASTIE, T.J. & TIBSHIRANI, R.J., 1990.- Generalized Additive Models. London: Chapman & Hall.
HILBORN, R. & WALTERS, C.J., 1992.- Quantitative fisheries stock assessment. Choice, Dynamics and Uncertainty. London: Chapman & Hall.
ISAAKS, E.H. & SRIVASTAVA, R.M., 1989.- An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics. New York: Oxford University Press.
JACKSON, J. & JACQUET, J., 2011.- The shifting baselines syndrome: Perception, deception, and the future of our oceans: 128-141 (en) CHRISTENSEN, V. & MACLEAN, J. (ed.) Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries. New York: Oxford University Press.
KOSLOW, J.A., BOEHLERT, G.W., GORDON, J.D.M., HAEDRICH, R.L., LORANCE, P. & PARIN, N., 2000.- Continental slope and deep-sea fisheries: Implications for a fragile ecosystem. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57: 548-557.
LEAL, E., CONTRERAS, F., OYARZUN, C., 2009.- Distribución, batimetría y alimentación de Epigonus crassicaudus (de Buen, 1959) (Perciformes: Epigonidae) en la costa de Chile. Gayana, 73(1): 95-101.
LOVE, R.M., 1970.- The chemical biology of fishes. London: Academic Press.
LOVE, R.M., 1980.- The chemical biology of fishes. Advances 1968-1977. Vol. 2. London, New York: Academic Press.
MACDONALD, P.D. & PITCHER, T.J., 1979.- Age-groups from size - frequency data: A versatile and efficient method of analyzing distribution mixtures. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 36: 987-1001.
MARASCO, R.J., GOODMAN, D., GRIMES, C.B., LAWSON, P.W., PUNT, A.E. & QUINN, T.J., 2007.- Ecosystem-based fisheries management: Some practical suggestions. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 64: 928-939.
MARTINS, R., COSTA, F.O., MURTA, A.G., CARNEIRO, M. & LANDI, M., 2012.- First record of Zenion hololepis (Zeniontidae) in Portuguese continental waters: The northernmost occurrence in the eastern Atlantic. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5: 1-3.
MÉRIGOT, B., BERTRAND, J.A., GAERTNER, J.C., DURBEC, J.P., MAZOUNI, N. & MANTÉ, C., 2007.- The multicomponent structuration of the species diversity of groundfish assemblages of the east coast of Corsica (Mediterranean Sea): Variation according to the bathymetric strata. Fisheries Research, 88: 120-132.
MORATO, T., WATSON, R., PITCHER, T.J. & PAULY, D., 2006.- Fishing down the Deep. Fish and Fisheries, 7(1): 24-34.
PARAMO, J., 2015.- Deep-sea fishery in the Colombian Caribbean Sea: Management and conservation strategies for an ecosystem approach to fisheries: 16-18 (en) FAO Report of the first meeting of the WECAFC Working Group on the Management of Deep-sea Fisheries. Bridgetown: FAO.
PARAMO, J. & ROA, R., 2003.- Acoustic-geostatistical assessment and habitat-abundance relations of small pelagic fish from the Colombian Caribbean. Fisheries Research, 60: 309-319.
PARAMO, J., QUIÑONES, R.A., RAMÍREZ, A. & WIFF, R., 2003.- Relationship between biomass density of small pelagic and environmental factors in the Colombian Caribbean Sea: An analysis based on hydroacoustic information. Aquatic Living Resources, 16(3): 239-245.
PARAMO, J., CORREA, M. & NÚÑEZ, S., 2011.- Evidencias de desacople físico-biológico en el sistema de surgencia en La Guajira, Caribe colombiano. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 46(3): 421-430.
PARAMO, J., GUILLOT, L., BENAVIDES, S., RODRÍGUEZ, A. & SÁNCHEZ, C., 2009.- Aspectos poblacionales y ecológicos de peces demersales de la zona norte del Caribe colombiano en relación con el hábitat: una herramienta para identificar Áreas Marinas Protegidas (AMPs) para el manejo pesquero. Caldasia, 31(1): 123-144.
PARAMO, J., WOLFF, M. & SAINT-PAUL, U., 2012.- Deep-sea fish assemblages in the Colombian Caribbean Sea. Fisheries Research, 125-126: 87-98.
PARAMO, J. & SAINT-PAUL, U., 2012.- Deep-sea shrimps Aristaeomorpha foliacea and Pleoticus robustus (Crustacea: Penaeoidea) in the Colombian Caribbean Sea as a new potential fishing resource. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 92(4): 811-818.
PARAMO, J. & SAINT-PAUL, U., 2012.- Spatial structure of deep sea lobster (Metanephrops binghami) in the Colombian Caribbean Sea. Helgoland Marine Research, 66: 25-31.
PARAMO, J. & SAINT-PAUL, U., 2012.- Spatial structure of the pink speckled deep-sea shrimp Penaeopsis serrata (Bate, 1881) (Decapoda, Penaeidae) during november-december 2009 in the Colombian Caribbean Sea. Crustaceana, 85(1): 103-116.
PARIN, N.V., MIRONOV, A.N. & NESIS, K.N., 1997.- Biology of the Nazca and Sala-y-Gomez submarine ridges, an outpost of the Indo-West Pacific fauna in the Eastern Pacific ocean: Composition and distribution of the fauna, its community and history. Advances in Marine Biology, 32: 145-242.
PATOKINA, F. & LITVINOV, F., 2005.- Food composition and distribution of elasmobranches on the shelf and upper slope of the Eastern Central Atlantic. ICES CM, 26.
PETITGAS, P., 1993.- Geostatistics for fish stock assessments: A review and an acoustic application. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 50: 285-298.
PETITGAS, P. & PRAMPART, A., 1995.- EVA: Estimation variance: A geostatistical software for structure characterization and variance computation. Montpellier: Editions Orstom.
POLLINI, P., HAEDRICH, R.L., ROWE, G. & CLIFFORD, C.H., 1979.- The size-depth relationship in deep ocean animals. Hydrobiologia, 64(1): 39-46.
RIVOIRARD, J., SIMMONDS, J., FOOTE, K.G., FERNANDES, P. & BEZ, N., 2000.- Geostatistics for estimating fish abundance. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
ROA-VARÓN, A., SAAVEDRA-DÍAZ, L., ACERO, A., MEJÍA, L. & NAVAS, G., 2003.- Nuevos registros de peces óseos para el Caribe colombiano de los Ordenes Beryciformes, Zeiformes, Perciformes y Tetraodontiformes. Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, 32(1): 3-24.
ROBERTS, C.M., 2002.- Deep impact: The rising toll of fishing in the deep sea. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 17: 242-245.
ROMERO-RODRÍGUEZ, D., BERNAL, G. & ZEA, S., 2014.- Variables ambientales durante blanqueamiento coralino en el Caribe colombiano. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 38(149): 347-355.
STEFANESCU, C., RUCABADO, J. & LLORIS, D., 1992.- Depth-size trends in western Mediterranean demersal deep-sea fishes. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 81: 205-213.
SANCHES, J.G., 1991.- Catálogo dos principais peixes marinhos da República de Guiné-Bissau. Lisboa: Instituto Nacional de Investigacao das Pescas.
SCOTT, W.B. & SCOTT, M.G., 1988.- Atlantic fishes of Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
SHIN, Y.J., ROCHET, M.J., JENNINGS, S., FIELD, J.G. & GISLASON, H., 2005.- Using size-based indicators to evaluate the ecosystem effects of fishing. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 62: 384-396.
WORM, B., BARBIER, E.B., BEAUMONT, N., DUFFY, J.E., FOLKE, C. & HALPERN, B.S., et al., 2006.- Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services. Science, 314: 787-790.
YANG, J., HUANG, Z., CHEN, S. & LI, Q., 1996.- The Deep-Water Pelagic Fishes in the Area from Nansha Islands to the Northeast part of South China Sea. Beijing: Science Publication Company.
ZETINA, M.C., RÍOS, L.G. & CERVERA, C.K., 1996.- Relaciones morfométricas de la langosta Panulirus argus de las costas de Yucatán, México. Ciencia Pesquera, 12: 41-45.
ZAR, J.H. 2010.- Biostatistical Analysis. Edinburgh: Pearson.
