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Hernán Pérez, J., Parrales-Ramírez, D. A., Rocha-Gil, Z. E., Fonseca-Guerra, I. R., Pedraza-Jiménez, Y., & Fagua, G. (2025). Diversidad genética de mariposas y sus perspectivas como información clave para la definición de estrategias de conservación en los ecosistemas de alta montaña de Colombia. Boletín Científico Centro De Museos Museo De Historia Natural, 29(1), 161–179. https://doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2025.29.1.7
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Autores/as
Johan Hernán Pérez
Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Costa Rica
Dumar Ariel Parrales-Ramírez
Universidad Internacional del Trópico AmericanoZulma Edelmira Rocha-Gil
Universidad de BoyacáIngrid Rocio Fonseca-Guerra
Universidad de BoyacáYamile Pedraza-Jiménez
Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de ColombiaGiovanny Fagua
Pontificia Universidad JaverianaResumen
Colombia se destaca como uno de los países con mayor diversidad biológica del mundo; sin embargo, esta riqueza natural se encuentra amenazada debido a la transformación continua de sus ecosistemas, impulsada en gran medida por actividades antrópicas. Entre los biomas prioritarios para la conservación en el país se encuentran los ecosistemas de alta montaña, conocidos como páramos. Estos ambientes albergan altos niveles de endemismo y diversidad beta, además de cumplir un papel crítico en la captura, regulación y provisión del recurso hídrico. Los parámetros poblacionales derivados de análisis genéticos se han convertido en una herramienta fundamental para caracterizar la estructura, variabilidad y conectividad de las poblaciones naturales. Insectos como las mariposas se han utilizado como referencia del estado de un ecosistema, ya que sus parámetros poblacionales pueden extrapolarse al resto de la biota del lugar. Esta información resulta clave para identificar áreas prioritarias de conservación y diseñar estrategias efectivas de manejo. En este contexto, las mariposas diurnas emergen como valiosos bioindicadores: su respuesta frente a los cambios ambientales y su diversidad genética permiten realizar inferencias sobre la salud y resiliencia de los ecosistemas de páramo. Este artículo presenta perspectivas clave sobre la relevancia de la diversidad genética como insumo útil en la definición de estrategias de conservación en los páramos colombianos. A través del análisis genético de especies focales de mariposas, se busca fortalecer la toma de decisiones, priorizar poblaciones vulnerables, apoyar programas de suplementación, orientar esfuerzos de migración asistida y, en última instancia, contribuir a la formulación de políticas de conservación a largo plazo.
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