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Betancourt-Hernández, R. del P., Gallego-Ropero, M. C., & Cruz-Bernate, L. (2025). Frecuencia de infección y parasitemia de hemosporidios en aves según cobertura vegetal y altitud en el suroccidente de Colombia. Boletín Científico Centro De Museos Museo De Historia Natural, 29(1), 65–90. https://doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2025.29.1.4
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Lorena Cruz-Bernate
Universidad del Valle
Resumen
El estudio de hemosporidios en aves permite comprender la manera en que estos se distribuyen en los hospederos y si su presencia e intensidad de infección se relaciona con procesos de pérdida y degradación del hábitat. Con el objetivo de documentar la frecuencia de infección y parasitemia de hemosporidios en aves asociadas a tres coberturas vegetales (bosque denso, bosque fragmentado y pastos arbolados) a diferentes altitudes, se tomaron muestras se tomaron muestras de tejido sanguíneo por punción de la vena braquial. Se realizaron extendidos de sangre que fueron fijados, teñidos (Giemsa al 10%) y analizados con microscopio de luz. Se estimó la frecuencia de infección por género de hemoparásito y la parasitemia para cada uno de los individuos infectados. La frecuencia de infección general de hemosporidios fue de 22,2%, donde Leucocytozoon fue el género con mayor prevalencia (10,9%), seguido de Haemoproteus (8,7%) y Plasmodium (6,9%); además, se encontraron otros hemoparásitos como microfilaria (1,09%) y Trypanosoma (0,36%). La frecuencia de infección y la parasitemia de aves estuvo influenciada por factores ecológicos y taxonómicos, dependiendo del género de hemosporidio. La familia taxonómica del hospedero se asoció con los dos parámetros evaluados, especialmente en Haemoproteus y Plasmodium, mientras que en Leucocytozoon también influyó la altitud y tipo de cobertura. La familia que presentó mayor frecuencia de infección fue Thraupidae, con valores más altos en las especies Anisognathus somptuosus, Tangara xanthocephala, Tangara nigroviridis y Diglossa cyanea. Este estudio constituye la primera investigación sobre hemosporidios en la Bota Caucana, el cual contribuye al conocimiento de las interacciones ecológicas existentes en ambientes neotropicales, esencial para futuros esfuerzos de monitoreo y conservación de las aves colombianas.
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