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Cruz Bernate, L. . (2020). Comportamiento de defensa de nido, discriminación de depredadores y éxito reproductivo de Vanellus Chilensis (aves : Charadriidae). Boletín Científico Centro De Museos Museo De Historia Natural, 24(1), 103–118. https://doi.org/10.17151/bccm.2020.24.1.7
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La defensa del nido presenta gran variación inter e intraespecífica, a menudo asociada a diferencias en el sistema social o al tipo de amenaza. El Pellar (Vanellus chilensis) es conocido por la defensa de nido vigorosa contra depredadores, sin embargo, esta respuesta puede variar desde huida en silencio con maniobras de distracción al depredador (defensa pasiva), hasta vuelos estridentes de ataque directo a depredadores (defensa activa). Este estudio examina la relación entre los patrones conductuales de defensa de nido, la naturaleza de los estímulos próximos, el desarrollo embrionario y el éxito reproductivo del Pellar en estado silvestre en Colombia. Se sometieron parejas marcadas y reproductivamente activas a tres estímulos que representaron amenazas potenciales para la nidada (hombre a pie, jinete y tractor) y sus respuestas conductuales se clasificaron en diferentes categorías según su intensidad. La defensa del nido varió según el estado de desarrollo embrionario de los polluelos; con un desarrollo embrionario temprano, la defensa fue principalmente pasiva y a medida que avanzó el desarrollo embrionario se incrementó la defensa activa. El jinete fue el estímulo que desencadenó la mayor defensa activa mientras que, ante el hombre a pie y el tractor, la respuesta fue principalmente pasiva. La distancia a la cual las aves abandonaron los nidos al aproximarse un estímulo se correlacionó con la naturaleza del mismo. Los adultos toleraron más cerca del nido al tractor que a los estímulos de hombre a pie y jinete, lo cual sugiere discriminación entre estímulos. Los machos realizaron el doble de vuelos de ataque directo que las hembras. El éxito reproductivo no se correlacionó con la categoría de intensidad de defensa del nido manifestada ni con el tamaño de la postura de la pareja.
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Anderson, M., Wiklund, C. G. & Rundgren, H. (1980). Parental defense of offspring: a model and an example. Anim. Behav, 28, 536–542.
Barash, D. P. (1975). Evolutionary aspects of parental behavior: distraction behavior of the Alpine accentor. Wilson Bull, 87, 367–373.
Biermann, G. C. & Robertson, R. J. (1983). Residual reproductive value and parental investment. Anim. Behav, 31, 311–312.
Blancher, P. J. & Robertson, R. J. (1982). Kingbird aggression: does it deter predation? Anim. Behav., 30, 929–930.
Brunton, D. H. (1986). Fatal antipredator behavior of a Killdeer. Wilson Bull., 98, 605–607.
Campomizzi, A. J., Morrison, M. L., Farrell, S. L., Wilkins, R. N., Drees, B. M. & Packard, J. M. (2009). Red imported fire ants can decrease songbird nest survival. Condor, 111, 534–537.
Carrillo, J. & Aparicio, J. M. (2001). Nest defence behaviour of the Eurasian Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) against human predators Ethology, 107, 865–875.
Chandler, C. R. & Rose, R. (1988). Comparative analysis of the effects of visual and auditory stimuli on avian mobbing behaviour. J. Field Ornithol, 59, 269–277.
Coleman, R. M., Gross, M. R. & Sargent, R. C. (1985). Parental investment decision rules: a test in Bluegill Sunfish, Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol, 18, 59–66.
Cruz-Bernate, L., Riascos, Y. & Barreto, G. (2013). Dimorfismo sexual y determinación del sexo con DNA en el Pellar Común (Vanellus chilensis). Ornitol. Neotrop., 24, 433–444.
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Curio, E., Ernest, U. & Vieth, W. (1978). Cultural transmission of enemy recognition: one function of mobbing. Science, 202, 899–901.
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Dawkins, R. & Brockmann, H. J. (1980). Do digger wasps commit the Concorde fallacy? Anim. Behav, 28, 892–896.
Defisher, L. E. & Bonter, D. N. (2013). Effects of invasive European Fire Ants (Myrmica rubra) on Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) reproduction. Plos One, 8, e64185. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064185.
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Denson, R. D. (1979). Owl predation on a mobbing crow. Wilson Bull., 91, 133.
Ellegren, H. (1996). First gene on the avian W chromosome (CHD) provides a tag for universal sexing of non-ratite birds. Proc. R.
Espinal, L. S. (1967). Apuntes sobre Ecología Colombiana. Cali, Colombia: Universidad del Valle.
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Flasskamp, A. (1994). The adaptive significance of avian mobbing. V. An experimental test of the ‘move on’ hypothesis. Ethology, 96, 322–333.
Fridolfsson, A. & Ellegren, H. (1999). A simple and universal method for molecular sexing of non-ratite birds. J. Avian Biol, 30, 116–121.
Galeotti, P., Tavecchia, G. & Bonetti, A. (2000). Parental defence in Long-eared owl Asio otus: effects of breeding stage, parent sex and human persecution. J. Avian Biol., 31, 431–440.
Gallegos, D. (1984). Aspectos de la biología reproductiva del Tero Común Vanellus chilensis (Gmelin). I: Comportamiento y territorialidad. Hornero, 12, 150–155.
Gehlbach, F. R. & Leverett, J. S. (1995). Mobbing of Eastern Screech Owls: predatory cues, risk to mobbers and degree of threat. Condor, 97, 831-834.
Griesser, M. & Ekman, J. (2005). Nepotistic mobbing behaviour in the Siberian Jay, Perisoreus infaustus. Anim. Behav. 69, 345–352.
Greig-Smith, P. W. (1980). Parental investment in nest defence by Stonechats (Saxicola torquata). Anim. Behav, 28, 604–619.
Gottfried, B. M. (1979). Anti-predator aggression in birds nesting in old field habitats: an experimental analysis. Condor, 81, 251–257.
Hilty, S. L. & Brown, W. L. (2001). Guía de las Aves de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia: American Bird Conservancy.
IDEAM. (2005). Datos Meteorológicos del Estación 26055070. Cali, Colombia: Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales.
Kleindorfer, S., Fessl, B. & Hoi, H. (2005). Avian nest defence behaviour: assessment in relation to predator distance and type, and nest height. Anim. Behav., 69, 307–313.
Knight, R. & Temple, S. A. (1986). Why does intensity of avian nest defense increase during the nesting cycle? Auk, 103, 318–327.
Kopachena, J.G., Buckley, A. J. & Potts, G. A. (2000). Effects of the red imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta) on reproductive success of Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) in northeast Texas. Southwest. Nat., 45, 477–482.
Lavery, R. J. & Keenleyside, M. H. A. (1990). Parental investment of a biparental cichlid fish, Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum, in relation to brood size and past investment. Anim. Behav, 40, 1128–1137.
Macedo, R. H., Karubian, J. & Webster, M. S. (2008). Extrapair paternity and sexual selection in socially monogamous birds: are tropical birds different? Auk, 125, 769–777.
Mena-Valenzuela, P. (2018). Comportamiento y reproducción de Vanellus chilensis (Charadriidae) en Imbabura, Ecuador. Biota Col., 19 (2), 105-116.
Myers, J. P. (1978). One deleterious effect of mobbing in the Southern Lapwing (Vanellus chilensis). Auk, 95, 419–420.
Naranjo, L. G. (1991). Notes on reproduction of the Southern Lapwing in Colombia. Ornitol. Neotrop., 2, 95–96.
Parish, M. B. & Coulson, J. C. (1998). Parental investment, reproductive success and polygyny in the lapwing, Vanellus vanellus. Anim. Behav., 56, 1161–1167.
Pavel, V. & Bures, S. (2001). Offspring age and nest defence: test of the feedback hypothesis in the meadow pipit. Anim. Behav., 61, 297–303.
RCORE TEAM. (2018). A language and environment for statistical computing. Recovered from http://www.Rproject.org.
Ridlehuber, K. T. (1982). Fire ant predation on Wood Duck ducklings and pipped eggs. Southwest. Nat., 27, 222.
Royle, N. J., Smiseth, P. T. & Kölliker, M. (2012). The Evolution of Parental Care. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Santos, E. S. A. (2009). Biologia reproductive de Vanellus chilensis (Aves: Charadriidae): Porque reproduzir em grupo? [dissertação de mestrado]. Universidad de Brasilia, Brasilia, Brasil.
Saracura, V., Macedo, R. H. & Blomqvist, D. (2008). Genetic parentage and variable social structure in breeding Southern Lapwings. Condor, 110, 554-558.
Shields, W. M. (1984). Barn Swallow mobbing: self-defence, collateral kin defence, or parental care?. Anim. Behav, 32, 132–148.
Sordahl, T. A. (1990). The risks of avian mobbing and distraction behavior: an anecdotal review. Wilson Bull., 102, 349–352.
Trivers, R. L. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. In Campbell. (Ed), Sexual selection and the descent of man (pp. 136–179). Chicago, United States of America: Aldine Publishing Company.
Walters, J. R. (1982). Parental behavior in Lapwings (Charadriidae) and its relationships with clutch sizes and mating systems. Evolution, 36, 1030–1040.
Walters, J. R. (1990). Anti-depredatory behavior of Lapwings: Field evidence of discriminative abilities. Wilson Bull, 102, 49–70.
Webb, N. V. & Blumstein, D. T. (2005). Variation in human disturbance diferentially affects predation risk assessment in Western Gulls. Condor, 107, 178–181.
Wilcoxen, T. E. & Rensel, M. A. (2009). Invasive Fire Ants depredate nest of Florida Scrub-Jay. Wilson J. Ornithol., 121, 846–847.
Wittenberg, J. F. (1981). Animal Social Behavior. Belmont: Wadsworth, INC.
Zar, J. H. (2010). Biostatistical Analysis. Ciudad: Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River.
Alcock, J. (1989). Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach: Massachusetts: Sinauer Assocciates, INC.
Allen, C. R., Epperson, D. M. & Garmestani, A. S. (2004). Red imported fire ant impacts on wildlife: a decade of research. Am. Midl. Nat., 152, 88–103.
Anderson, M., Wiklund, C. G. & Rundgren, H. (1980). Parental defense of offspring: a model and an example. Anim. Behav, 28, 536–542.
Barash, D. P. (1975). Evolutionary aspects of parental behavior: distraction behavior of the Alpine accentor. Wilson Bull, 87, 367–373.
Biermann, G. C. & Robertson, R. J. (1983). Residual reproductive value and parental investment. Anim. Behav, 31, 311–312.
Blancher, P. J. & Robertson, R. J. (1982). Kingbird aggression: does it deter predation? Anim. Behav., 30, 929–930.
Brunton, D. H. (1986). Fatal antipredator behavior of a Killdeer. Wilson Bull., 98, 605–607.
Campomizzi, A. J., Morrison, M. L., Farrell, S. L., Wilkins, R. N., Drees, B. M. & Packard, J. M. (2009). Red imported fire ants can decrease songbird nest survival. Condor, 111, 534–537.
Carrillo, J. & Aparicio, J. M. (2001). Nest defence behaviour of the Eurasian Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) against human predators Ethology, 107, 865–875.
Chandler, C. R. & Rose, R. (1988). Comparative analysis of the effects of visual and auditory stimuli on avian mobbing behaviour. J. Field Ornithol, 59, 269–277.
Coleman, R. M., Gross, M. R. & Sargent, R. C. (1985). Parental investment decision rules: a test in Bluegill Sunfish, Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol, 18, 59–66.
Cruz-Bernate, L., Riascos, Y. & Barreto, G. (2013). Dimorfismo sexual y determinación del sexo con DNA en el Pellar Común (Vanellus chilensis). Ornitol. Neotrop., 24, 433–444.
Cully, J. F. JR. & Ligon, J. D. (1976). Comparative mobbing behavior of Scrub and Mexican Jays. Auk, 93, 116–125.
Curio, E., Ernest, U. & Vieth, W. (1978). Cultural transmission of enemy recognition: one function of mobbing. Science, 202, 899–901.
Davies, N. B., Krebs, J. R. & West, S. A. (2012). An Introduction to Behavioural Ecology. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.
Dawkins, R. & Brockmann, H. J. (1980). Do digger wasps commit the Concorde fallacy? Anim. Behav, 28, 892–896.
Defisher, L. E. & Bonter, D. N. (2013). Effects of invasive European Fire Ants (Myrmica rubra) on Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) reproduction. Plos One, 8, e64185. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064185.
Piersma, T. & Wiersma, P. (1996). Family Charadriidae (plovers). In J. del Hoyo., A. Elliot. & J. Sargatal. (Eds), Handboook of the birds of the world (pp. 384-442). Barcelona, España: Lynx edicions.
Denson, R. D. (1979). Owl predation on a mobbing crow. Wilson Bull., 91, 133.
Ellegren, H. (1996). First gene on the avian W chromosome (CHD) provides a tag for universal sexing of non-ratite birds. Proc. R.
Espinal, L. S. (1967). Apuntes sobre Ecología Colombiana. Cali, Colombia: Universidad del Valle.
Frankenberg, E. (1981). The adaptive significance of avian mobbing: IV. “Alerting others” and “perception advertisement” in blackbirds facing an owl. Z. Tierpsychol, 55, 97–118.
Flasskamp, A. (1994). The adaptive significance of avian mobbing. V. An experimental test of the ‘move on’ hypothesis. Ethology, 96, 322–333.
Fridolfsson, A. & Ellegren, H. (1999). A simple and universal method for molecular sexing of non-ratite birds. J. Avian Biol, 30, 116–121.
Galeotti, P., Tavecchia, G. & Bonetti, A. (2000). Parental defence in Long-eared owl Asio otus: effects of breeding stage, parent sex and human persecution. J. Avian Biol., 31, 431–440.
Gallegos, D. (1984). Aspectos de la biología reproductiva del Tero Común Vanellus chilensis (Gmelin). I: Comportamiento y territorialidad. Hornero, 12, 150–155.
Gehlbach, F. R. & Leverett, J. S. (1995). Mobbing of Eastern Screech Owls: predatory cues, risk to mobbers and degree of threat. Condor, 97, 831-834.
Griesser, M. & Ekman, J. (2005). Nepotistic mobbing behaviour in the Siberian Jay, Perisoreus infaustus. Anim. Behav. 69, 345–352.
Greig-Smith, P. W. (1980). Parental investment in nest defence by Stonechats (Saxicola torquata). Anim. Behav, 28, 604–619.
Gottfried, B. M. (1979). Anti-predator aggression in birds nesting in old field habitats: an experimental analysis. Condor, 81, 251–257.
Hilty, S. L. & Brown, W. L. (2001). Guía de las Aves de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia: American Bird Conservancy.
IDEAM. (2005). Datos Meteorológicos del Estación 26055070. Cali, Colombia: Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales.
Kleindorfer, S., Fessl, B. & Hoi, H. (2005). Avian nest defence behaviour: assessment in relation to predator distance and type, and nest height. Anim. Behav., 69, 307–313.
Knight, R. & Temple, S. A. (1986). Why does intensity of avian nest defense increase during the nesting cycle? Auk, 103, 318–327.
Kopachena, J.G., Buckley, A. J. & Potts, G. A. (2000). Effects of the red imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta) on reproductive success of Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) in northeast Texas. Southwest. Nat., 45, 477–482.
Lavery, R. J. & Keenleyside, M. H. A. (1990). Parental investment of a biparental cichlid fish, Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum, in relation to brood size and past investment. Anim. Behav, 40, 1128–1137.
Macedo, R. H., Karubian, J. & Webster, M. S. (2008). Extrapair paternity and sexual selection in socially monogamous birds: are tropical birds different? Auk, 125, 769–777.
Mena-Valenzuela, P. (2018). Comportamiento y reproducción de Vanellus chilensis (Charadriidae) en Imbabura, Ecuador. Biota Col., 19 (2), 105-116.
Myers, J. P. (1978). One deleterious effect of mobbing in the Southern Lapwing (Vanellus chilensis). Auk, 95, 419–420.
Naranjo, L. G. (1991). Notes on reproduction of the Southern Lapwing in Colombia. Ornitol. Neotrop., 2, 95–96.
Parish, M. B. & Coulson, J. C. (1998). Parental investment, reproductive success and polygyny in the lapwing, Vanellus vanellus. Anim. Behav., 56, 1161–1167.
Pavel, V. & Bures, S. (2001). Offspring age and nest defence: test of the feedback hypothesis in the meadow pipit. Anim. Behav., 61, 297–303.
RCORE TEAM. (2018). A language and environment for statistical computing. Recovered from http://www.Rproject.org.
Ridlehuber, K. T. (1982). Fire ant predation on Wood Duck ducklings and pipped eggs. Southwest. Nat., 27, 222.
Royle, N. J., Smiseth, P. T. & Kölliker, M. (2012). The Evolution of Parental Care. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Santos, E. S. A. (2009). Biologia reproductive de Vanellus chilensis (Aves: Charadriidae): Porque reproduzir em grupo? [dissertação de mestrado]. Universidad de Brasilia, Brasilia, Brasil.
Saracura, V., Macedo, R. H. & Blomqvist, D. (2008). Genetic parentage and variable social structure in breeding Southern Lapwings. Condor, 110, 554-558.
Shields, W. M. (1984). Barn Swallow mobbing: self-defence, collateral kin defence, or parental care?. Anim. Behav, 32, 132–148.
Sordahl, T. A. (1990). The risks of avian mobbing and distraction behavior: an anecdotal review. Wilson Bull., 102, 349–352.
Trivers, R. L. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. In Campbell. (Ed), Sexual selection and the descent of man (pp. 136–179). Chicago, United States of America: Aldine Publishing Company.
Walters, J. R. (1982). Parental behavior in Lapwings (Charadriidae) and its relationships with clutch sizes and mating systems. Evolution, 36, 1030–1040.
Walters, J. R. (1990). Anti-depredatory behavior of Lapwings: Field evidence of discriminative abilities. Wilson Bull, 102, 49–70.
Webb, N. V. & Blumstein, D. T. (2005). Variation in human disturbance diferentially affects predation risk assessment in Western Gulls. Condor, 107, 178–181.
Wilcoxen, T. E. & Rensel, M. A. (2009). Invasive Fire Ants depredate nest of Florida Scrub-Jay. Wilson J. Ornithol., 121, 846–847.
Wittenberg, J. F. (1981). Animal Social Behavior. Belmont: Wadsworth, INC.
Zar, J. H. (2010). Biostatistical Analysis. Ciudad: Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River.
