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Publication Date: 2007-12-21
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Villa Arcila, N. A. ., & Ceballos Márquez, A. . (2007). Free radicals and male infertility. Revista Veterinaria Y Zootecnia (On Line), 1(2), 87–97. Retrieved from https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/vetzootec/article/view/5760
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Abstract
ABSTRACT: This review deals with the basic aspects of the formation of free radicals in the organism, as well as the available mechanisms to defend the body from an imbalance in its production, phenomenon known as oxidative stress. The spermatic cell is highly susceptible to damage induced by the liberation of free radicals, since their cytoplasm is scarce leaving it naked to the aggression for free radicals. The antioxidants present in the seminal plasma are those in charge of the defense of the spermatic cell during oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes and vitamins also play an essential role. The imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidants can lead to changes in the spermatic physiology, fecundation dysfunctions, as well as alterations of the genetic information it possesses. The above-mentioned induces a dysfunction that has been associated with male infertility.
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References
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Aitken, R.J.; Buckingham, D.; Harkiss, D. Use of a xanthine oxidase oxidant generating system to investigate the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species on human spermatozoa. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, v.97, p.441-450, 1993.
Aitken, R.J.; Paterson, M.; Fisher, H. et al. Redox regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in human spermatozoa and its role in the control of human sperm function. Journal of Cell Science, v.108, p.2017-2025, 1995.
Aitken, R.J.; Gordon, E.; Harkiss, D. et al. Relative impact of oxidative stress on the functional competence and genomic integrity of human spermatozoa. Biology of Reproduction, v.59, p.1037-1047, 1998.
Baker, G.H.W.; Brindle, J.; Irvine, S.D. et al. Protective effect of antioxidants on the impairment of sperm motility by activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Fertility and Sterility, v.65, p.411- 419, 1996.
Boveris, A.; Cadenas, E.; Stoppani, A.O.M. Role of ubiquinone in the mitochondrial generation of hydrogen peroxide. Biochemical Journal, v.156, p.435-444, 1976.
Canfield, L.M.; Forage, J.W.; Valenzuela, J.G. Caretenoids as cellular antioxidants. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, v.200, p.260-265, 1992.
Ceballos, A.; Wittwer, F.G. Metabolismo del selenio en rumiantes. Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria, v.28, p.5-18, 1996.
Chane, B.; Sies, H.; Boveris, A. Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs. Physiological Reviews, v.59, p.527-605, 1979.
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Cross, A.R.; Jones, O.T.G. Enzymic mechanism of superoxide production. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, v.1057, p.281-298, 1991.
Deby, C.; Pincemail, J. Toxicity of oxygen, free radicals and defense mechanisms. Presse Médicale, v.15, p.1468-1474, 1986
Goldman, R.; Ferber, E.; Zort, U. Reactive oxygen species are involved in the activation of cellular phospholipase A2. Febs Letters, v.309, p.190- 192, 1992.
Griveau, J.F.; Dumont, E.; Renard, P. et al. Reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and enzymatic defense systems in human spermatozoa. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, v.103, p.17-26, 1995.
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Hansen, J.C.; Deguchi, Y. Selenium and fertility in animals and man. A review. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, v.37, p.19-30, 1996.
Husain, S.R.; Cillard, J.; Cillard, P. Hydroxil radical scavenging activity of flavonoids. Phytochemistry, v.26, p.2489-2498, 1987.
Huszar, G.; Vigue, L. Incomplete development of human spermatozoa is associated with increased creatine phosphokinase concentration an abnormal head morphology. Molecular Reproduction and Development, v.34, p.292-298, 1993.
Huszar, G.; Corrales, M.; Vigue, L. Correlation between sperm creatine phosphokinase activity and sperm concentrations in normozoospermic and oligospermic men. Gamete Research, v.19, p.67-75, 1988.
Irvine, S.D. Glutathione as a treatment for male infertility. Reviews of Reproduction, v.1, p.6- 12, 1996.
Iwasaki, A.; Gagnon, C. Formation of reactive oxygen species in spermatozoa of infertile patients. Fertility and Sterility, v.57, p,409-416, 1992.
Kaneko, J.J.; Harvey, J.W.; Bruss, M.L. Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals. 5.ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 1997. 932p.
Kessopoulou, E.; Powers, H.J.; Sharma, K.K. et al. A double-blind randomized placebo cross-over controlled trial using the antioxidant vitamin E to treat reactive oxygen species associated male infertility. Fertility and Sterility, v.64, p.825- 831, 1995.
Lamirande, E.; Gagnon, C. Impact of reactive oxygen species on spermatozoa: a balancing act between beneficial and detrimental effects. Human Reproduction, Oct;10 Suppl 1, p15-21, 1995.
Mann, T.; Lutwak-Mann, C. Male reproductive functional and semen. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1981. 495p.
Market, M.; Andrew, P.C.; Babior, B.M. Measurement of O2 production by human neutrophils. The preparation of an assay of NADPH oxidase cointaining particles from human neutrophils. Methods In Enzymology, v.105, p.358-365, 1984.
Maxwell, S.R.J. Prospects for the use of antioxidant therapies. Drugs, v.49, p.345-361, 1995.
Melgarejo, E.R. Radicales libres en patología humana. Ecos, v.1, p.4-14. 1997.
Miller, J.K.; Brzezinska-Slebodzinska, E.; Madsen, F.C. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and animal function. Journal of Dairy Science, v.76, p.2812- 2823, 1993.
Murray, R.K.; Granner, D.K.; Mayes, P.A. et al. Harper´s biochemistry. 25.ed. Stanford: Appleton & Lange, 2000. 927p.
Oeda, T.; Henkel, R.; Ohmori, H. et al. Scavenging effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine against reactive oxygen species in human semen: a possible therapeutic modality for male factor infertility? Andrologia, v.29, p.125-131, 1997.
Plante, M.; De Lamirande, E.; Gagnon, C. Reactive oxygen species released by activated neutrophils, but not by deficient spermatozoa, are sufficient to affect normal sperm motility. Fertility and Sterility, v.62, p.387-393, 1994.
Quinlivan, W.L.G. Analysis of the proteins in human seminal plasma. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, v.127, p.680-687, 1968.
Radi,R.;Beckmans,J.S.;Bush,K.M.etal.Peroxynitrite induced membrane lipid peroxidation. The cytotoxic potential of superoxide and nitric oxide. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, v.288, p.481-487, 1991.
Rock, C.L.; Jacob, R.A.; Bowen, P.E. Update on the biological characteristics of the antioxidant micronutrients: vitamin C, vitamin E and the carotenoids. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, v.96, p.693-702, 1996.
Sardesai, V.M. Role of antioxidants in health maintenance. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, v.10, p.19-25, 1995.
Suckcharoen, N.; Keith, J.; Irvine, D.S. et al. Predicting the fertilizing potential of human sperm suspensions in vitro: importance of sperm morphology and leukocyte contamination. Fertility and Sterility, v.63, p.1293-1300, 1995. Turrens, J.F.; Boveris, A. Generation of superoxide anion by the NADH deshidrogenase of bovine heart mitochondria. Biochemical Journal, v.19, p.421-427, 1980.
Valenzuela, A.; Nieto, S. Los antioxidantes protectores de la calidad en la industria alimentaria. Ronda Latinoamericana, v.55, p.55-75, 1995.
Aitken, R.J.; Clarkson, J.S. Significance of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in defining the efficacy of sperm preparation techniques. Journal of Andrology, v.9, p.367-376, 1988.
Aitken, R.J.; Fisher, H. Reactive oxygen species generation and human spermatozoa: the balance of benefit and risk. BioEssays, v.16, p.259-267, 1994.
Aitken, R.J.; Buckingham, D.; Harkiss, D. Use of a xanthine oxidase oxidant generating system to investigate the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species on human spermatozoa. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, v.97, p.441-450, 1993.
Aitken, R.J.; Paterson, M.; Fisher, H. et al. Redox regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in human spermatozoa and its role in the control of human sperm function. Journal of Cell Science, v.108, p.2017-2025, 1995.
Aitken, R.J.; Gordon, E.; Harkiss, D. et al. Relative impact of oxidative stress on the functional competence and genomic integrity of human spermatozoa. Biology of Reproduction, v.59, p.1037-1047, 1998.
Baker, G.H.W.; Brindle, J.; Irvine, S.D. et al. Protective effect of antioxidants on the impairment of sperm motility by activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Fertility and Sterility, v.65, p.411- 419, 1996.
Boveris, A.; Cadenas, E.; Stoppani, A.O.M. Role of ubiquinone in the mitochondrial generation of hydrogen peroxide. Biochemical Journal, v.156, p.435-444, 1976.
Canfield, L.M.; Forage, J.W.; Valenzuela, J.G. Caretenoids as cellular antioxidants. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, v.200, p.260-265, 1992.
Ceballos, A.; Wittwer, F.G. Metabolismo del selenio en rumiantes. Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria, v.28, p.5-18, 1996.
Chane, B.; Sies, H.; Boveris, A. Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs. Physiological Reviews, v.59, p.527-605, 1979.
Clavel,J.P.;Emerit,J.;Thuillier,A.Lipidoperoxydation et radicaux libres. Róle en biologie cellulaire et en pathologie. Pathologie Biologie, v.33, p.61- 69, 1985.
Cross, A.R.; Jones, O.T.G. Enzymic mechanism of superoxide production. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, v.1057, p.281-298, 1991.
Deby, C.; Pincemail, J. Toxicity of oxygen, free radicals and defense mechanisms. Presse Médicale, v.15, p.1468-1474, 1986
Goldman, R.; Ferber, E.; Zort, U. Reactive oxygen species are involved in the activation of cellular phospholipase A2. Febs Letters, v.309, p.190- 192, 1992.
Griveau, J.F.; Dumont, E.; Renard, P. et al. Reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and enzymatic defense systems in human spermatozoa. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, v.103, p.17-26, 1995.
Gutteridge, J.M.; Halliwell, B. Antioxidants in nutrition, health and disease. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994. 143p.
Halliwell, B.; Gutteridge, J.M.C. oxygen free radicals and iron in relation to biology and medicine: some problems and concepts. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics Arch. Biochem. Biophys, v.246, p.501-514, 1986.
Hansen, J.C.; Deguchi, Y. Selenium and fertility in animals and man. A review. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, v.37, p.19-30, 1996.
Husain, S.R.; Cillard, J.; Cillard, P. Hydroxil radical scavenging activity of flavonoids. Phytochemistry, v.26, p.2489-2498, 1987.
Huszar, G.; Vigue, L. Incomplete development of human spermatozoa is associated with increased creatine phosphokinase concentration an abnormal head morphology. Molecular Reproduction and Development, v.34, p.292-298, 1993.
Huszar, G.; Corrales, M.; Vigue, L. Correlation between sperm creatine phosphokinase activity and sperm concentrations in normozoospermic and oligospermic men. Gamete Research, v.19, p.67-75, 1988.
Irvine, S.D. Glutathione as a treatment for male infertility. Reviews of Reproduction, v.1, p.6- 12, 1996.
Iwasaki, A.; Gagnon, C. Formation of reactive oxygen species in spermatozoa of infertile patients. Fertility and Sterility, v.57, p,409-416, 1992.
Kaneko, J.J.; Harvey, J.W.; Bruss, M.L. Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals. 5.ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 1997. 932p.
Kessopoulou, E.; Powers, H.J.; Sharma, K.K. et al. A double-blind randomized placebo cross-over controlled trial using the antioxidant vitamin E to treat reactive oxygen species associated male infertility. Fertility and Sterility, v.64, p.825- 831, 1995.
Lamirande, E.; Gagnon, C. Impact of reactive oxygen species on spermatozoa: a balancing act between beneficial and detrimental effects. Human Reproduction, Oct;10 Suppl 1, p15-21, 1995.
Mann, T.; Lutwak-Mann, C. Male reproductive functional and semen. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1981. 495p.
Market, M.; Andrew, P.C.; Babior, B.M. Measurement of O2 production by human neutrophils. The preparation of an assay of NADPH oxidase cointaining particles from human neutrophils. Methods In Enzymology, v.105, p.358-365, 1984.
Maxwell, S.R.J. Prospects for the use of antioxidant therapies. Drugs, v.49, p.345-361, 1995.
Melgarejo, E.R. Radicales libres en patología humana. Ecos, v.1, p.4-14. 1997.
Miller, J.K.; Brzezinska-Slebodzinska, E.; Madsen, F.C. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and animal function. Journal of Dairy Science, v.76, p.2812- 2823, 1993.
Murray, R.K.; Granner, D.K.; Mayes, P.A. et al. Harper´s biochemistry. 25.ed. Stanford: Appleton & Lange, 2000. 927p.
Oeda, T.; Henkel, R.; Ohmori, H. et al. Scavenging effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine against reactive oxygen species in human semen: a possible therapeutic modality for male factor infertility? Andrologia, v.29, p.125-131, 1997.
Plante, M.; De Lamirande, E.; Gagnon, C. Reactive oxygen species released by activated neutrophils, but not by deficient spermatozoa, are sufficient to affect normal sperm motility. Fertility and Sterility, v.62, p.387-393, 1994.
Quinlivan, W.L.G. Analysis of the proteins in human seminal plasma. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, v.127, p.680-687, 1968.
Radi,R.;Beckmans,J.S.;Bush,K.M.etal.Peroxynitrite induced membrane lipid peroxidation. The cytotoxic potential of superoxide and nitric oxide. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, v.288, p.481-487, 1991.
Rock, C.L.; Jacob, R.A.; Bowen, P.E. Update on the biological characteristics of the antioxidant micronutrients: vitamin C, vitamin E and the carotenoids. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, v.96, p.693-702, 1996.
Sardesai, V.M. Role of antioxidants in health maintenance. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, v.10, p.19-25, 1995.
Suckcharoen, N.; Keith, J.; Irvine, D.S. et al. Predicting the fertilizing potential of human sperm suspensions in vitro: importance of sperm morphology and leukocyte contamination. Fertility and Sterility, v.63, p.1293-1300, 1995. Turrens, J.F.; Boveris, A. Generation of superoxide anion by the NADH deshidrogenase of bovine heart mitochondria. Biochemical Journal, v.19, p.421-427, 1980.
Valenzuela, A.; Nieto, S. Los antioxidantes protectores de la calidad en la industria alimentaria. Ronda Latinoamericana, v.55, p.55-75, 1995.
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