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Publication Date: 2008-06-20
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Cruz Amaya, J. M. . (2008). Basic principles in the management of injuries. Revista Veterinaria Y Zootecnia (On Line), 2(1), 70–81. Retrieved from https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/vetzootec/article/view/5748
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Abstract
ABSTRACT: Traumatic wounds represent one of the most frequent reasons of consult in veterinary surgery. The ignorance regarding the basic treatment principles that rule these accidents produce complications, with consequences regarding the animal’s function or aesthetics. In the clinical practice with domestic animals wounds such as lacerations, avulsions, punctures and incisions are often seen. Understanding the etiological mechanisms that produce the wounds allows viewing the magnification of the lesion, concerning the quantity of the necrotic tissue and the contamination grade. These mechanisms are key factors when defining treatment and the type of suture to employ. In small animals, avulsions are common due to car accidents, wounds characterized by having considerable contaminated necrotic tissue; while in horses, the punctures in the limbs sometimes transport microorganisms deep in the tissues and involve synovial structures of the joint capsules or tendinouses sheaths with great consequences if they are not urgently treated. Otherwise, it is essential for the practitioner to know the tissular healing phenomenon and the way it can be adversely affected when medications, especially disinfectants, are not used properly. The objective of this article is to discuss the most essential therapeutic concepts regarding injury management.
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References
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Amber, E.I.; Henderson, R.A.; Swain, S.F. A comparation of antimicrobial efficacy and tissue reaction of four antiseptics on canine wounds. Veterinary Surgery, v.12, p.63-68, 1983.
Auer, J.A.; Stick, J.A. Equine Surgery. Philadelphia: Saunders Company; 1999. 129-138p.
Barber, S.M. Topical wound treatments. In: White, II N.A,; Moore J.N. (Ed.) Currente techniques in Equine Surgey and Lameness. 2.ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Company, 1998. 84-92p.
Baxter, G.M. Wound management. In: White, II N.A.; Moore, J.N. (Ed.) Current Techniques in Equine Surgery and Lameness. 2.ed. Philadelphia, Saunders Company, 1998. 72-78p.
Baxter, G.M. Management of wounds involving synovial structures in horses. Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice, v.3, n.2, p.204-214, 2004.
Berry, D.B.; Sullins, K.E. Effects of topical aplication of antimicrobials and bandaging in wounds of the distal aspect on the limbs in horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v.64, p.88-92, 2003.
Blackford, J.T. Management of exuberant granulation tissue. In: White, II N.A.; Moore, J.N. (Ed.) Current Techniques in Equine Surgery and Lameness. 2.ed. Saunders company. Philadelphia. 1988. 80-84p.
Booth, L.C.; Feeney, D. Superficial osteitis and sequestrum formation as a result of skin avulsion in the horse. Veterinary Surgery, v.11, p.2-8, 1982.
Brow, P.W. The fate of exposed bone. American Journal of Surgery, v.137, p.464-469, 1979.
Brumbaugh, G.W. Use of antimicrobials in wound management. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice, v.21, n.1, p.63-75, 2005.
Chettibi, S; Ferguson, M.W.J. Wound repair, an overview. In: Gallin, J.I.; Snyderman, R. (Ed.) Inflamation, Basic principles and Clinical Correlates. 3.ed. New York: Williams and Wilkins; 1999. 865-881p.
Clem, M.F.; Debowes, R.M.; Yovich, J.R. Osseus sequestartion in the horse. A review of 68 cases. Veterinary Surgery, v,17, p. 2-5, 1988.
Dart, A.J.; Dowling, B.A., Smith, C.L. Topical treatments in equine wound managemnet. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice, v.21, n.1, p.77-89, 2005.
Desmouliere, A.; Redard, M.; Darby, I. et al. Apoptosis mediates the decrease in cellularity during the transition between granulation tissue and scar. American Journal of Pathology, v.16, p.56-66, 1995.
Egosi, E.I.; Ferreira, A.M.; Burns, A.L. et al. Mast cells modulate the inflamation but not the proliferative response in healing wounds. Wound Repair and Regeneration, v.11, p.46-54, 2003.
Farstvedt, E.; Stashak, T.S. Update on topical wound medications. Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice, v.3, n.2, p.164-172, 2004.
Fossum, T.W. Small Animal Surgery. 3.ed. St. Louis: Mosby-Elsevier; 2007. p.159-176.
Gómez, J.H.; Hanson, R.R. Use of dressing and bandages in equine wound mangemnet. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice, v.21, n.1, p.91-104, 2005.
Gómez, J.H.; Schumacher, J.; Lauten, SD. et al. Effects of 3 biologic dressing on healing of cutaneus wounds on the lims of horses. Canadian Jornal of Veterinary Research, v.68, n.1, p.49- 55, 2004.
Hanson, R.R. Management of avulsion wounds with exposed bone. Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice, v.3, n.2, p.188-203, 2004.
Hanson, R.R. Management of burn injuries in the horse. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice, v.21, n.1, p.105-123, 2005.
Hendrix, S.M.; Baxter, G.M. Management of complicated wounds. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice, v,21, n.1, p.217-230, 2005.
Horwitz, D.J. Osseus interfernce of soft tissue healing. Surgical Clinics of North America, v. 64, p. 699-704, 1984.
Howard, R.D.; Mcilwraith, C.W.; Trotte, G.W. et al. Clonning of equine interleukin 1 alpha and equine interleukin 1 beta and determination of their full- lenght cDNA sequences. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v.59, p.704-711, 1998.
Ingle-Fehr, J.; Baxter, G.M. Skin Preparation and surgical scrub techniques. In: White, II N.A.; Moore, J.N. (Ed.) Current Techniques in Equine Surgery and Lameness. 2ed. Philadelphia: Saunders company; 1998. 68-72p.
Lusby, P.E.; Coombes, A.; Wilkinson, J.M. Honey: A potent agent for wound healing? Journal of Wound, Ostomy and continence Nursing. v.29, n.6, p.295-300, 2002.
Moens, Y.; Verschooten, F.; Demoor, A. Bone sequestration as a consequence o lims wounds in the horse. Veterinary Radiology, v.21, p.40-44, 1980.
Nobukuni, K.; Hayakawa, N.; Namba, R. et al. The influence of long-term treatment with povidone- iodine on thyroid function. Dermatology, v.195, p.69-72, 1997.
Orsini, J.A. Mangement of severely infected wounds in the equine patient. Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice, v.3, n.2, p.225-236, 2004.
Prince, H.N.; Nonemarker, W.S.; Norgard, R.C. Drug resistence studies with topial antiseptics. Journal of Pharmacology Science, v.67, p. 1629-1631, 1978.
Rodríguez-Bigas, M.; Cruz, N.I.; Suárez, A. Comparative evaluattion of Aloe Vera in the management of burn wouds in Guinea pigs. Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, v.81, p. 386- 389, 1988.
Scheider, R.Y.; Bramlage, L.R.; Mecklenburg, L.M. et al. A retrospective study of 142 affect with septic arthritis/tenosynovitis. Equine Veterinary Journal, v.24, p.412- 414, 1992.
Schremmer, R. New concepts in wound management. Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine, v.5, n.4, p.239-245, 2004.
Schwatz, A.J.; Wilson, D.; Keegan, K.G. et al. Factors regulating collagen synthesis and degration during second-intention healing of wounds in the thoracic region and the distal aspect of the forelimb of horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v.63, p.1564-1570, 2002.
Shetty, K.; Duthie, H.E. Thyrotoxocosis induced by topical iodine application. Archives of Internal Medicine, v.150, p.2400-2401, 1990.
Singer, A.J.; Clark, R.A.F. Cutaneus wound healing. New England Journal of Medicine, v.341, p.378-376, 1999.
Slatter S. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. 3ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Company; 2003. 259- 274p.
Sootwod, L.L.; Baxter, G.M. Instrument, sterilization, skin preparation and wound management. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice, v.12, p.173-194, 1996.
Stashak, T.S. Equine Wound Management. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger, 1991. 234p.
Swain, S.F. Topical wound medications. A review. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Associated, v.190, p.1588-1593, 1987.
Talan, D.A. The management of bite wounds. The New England Journal of Medicine, v.340, p.138-140, 1999.
Theoret, C.L. Update on wound repair. Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice, v.3, n.2, p.110- 122, 2004.
Theoret, C.L. The pathophysiology of wound repair. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice, v.21, n.1, p.1-13, 2005.
Thorwald, J. El siglo de los Cirujanos. Barcelona, Editorial Destino, 2000.
Visavadia, B.G.; Honeysett, J.; Danford, M.H. Manuka honey dressing: an effective treatment for chronic wound infections. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2006. Disponible en: http: www.science direct/htm. Accesado en: 28/12/2006.
Wilkins, R.H. Neurosurgical Classic XVII Edwin Smith surgycal papyrus. Journal of Neurosurgery, v.32, p.240-244, 1964.
Wilmink, J.M.; VanWeeren, P.R.; Stolk, P.W. et al. Differences in second intention wound healing between horses and ponis: Histological aspects. Equine Veterinary Journal, v.31, p.61-67, 1999.
Wilkmink, J.M.; VanWeeren, P.R. Second intention repair in the horse and pony and management of exuberant granulation tissue. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice, v.21, n.1, p.15-32, 2005.
Wilson, D.A. Priciples of early wound management. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice, v.21, n.1, p.45-62, 2005.
Ziegler, K.; Gorl, R.; Effing, J.; et al. Reduced cellular toxicity of a new silver-containing antimicrobial dressing and clinical performance in non-healing wounds. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, v.19, n.3, p.140-146, 2006.
Amber, E.I.; Henderson, R.A.; Swain, S.F. A comparation of antimicrobial efficacy and tissue reaction of four antiseptics on canine wounds. Veterinary Surgery, v.12, p.63-68, 1983.
Auer, J.A.; Stick, J.A. Equine Surgery. Philadelphia: Saunders Company; 1999. 129-138p.
Barber, S.M. Topical wound treatments. In: White, II N.A,; Moore J.N. (Ed.) Currente techniques in Equine Surgey and Lameness. 2.ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Company, 1998. 84-92p.
Baxter, G.M. Wound management. In: White, II N.A.; Moore, J.N. (Ed.) Current Techniques in Equine Surgery and Lameness. 2.ed. Philadelphia, Saunders Company, 1998. 72-78p.
Baxter, G.M. Management of wounds involving synovial structures in horses. Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice, v.3, n.2, p.204-214, 2004.
Berry, D.B.; Sullins, K.E. Effects of topical aplication of antimicrobials and bandaging in wounds of the distal aspect on the limbs in horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v.64, p.88-92, 2003.
Blackford, J.T. Management of exuberant granulation tissue. In: White, II N.A.; Moore, J.N. (Ed.) Current Techniques in Equine Surgery and Lameness. 2.ed. Saunders company. Philadelphia. 1988. 80-84p.
Booth, L.C.; Feeney, D. Superficial osteitis and sequestrum formation as a result of skin avulsion in the horse. Veterinary Surgery, v.11, p.2-8, 1982.
Brow, P.W. The fate of exposed bone. American Journal of Surgery, v.137, p.464-469, 1979.
Brumbaugh, G.W. Use of antimicrobials in wound management. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice, v.21, n.1, p.63-75, 2005.
Chettibi, S; Ferguson, M.W.J. Wound repair, an overview. In: Gallin, J.I.; Snyderman, R. (Ed.) Inflamation, Basic principles and Clinical Correlates. 3.ed. New York: Williams and Wilkins; 1999. 865-881p.
Clem, M.F.; Debowes, R.M.; Yovich, J.R. Osseus sequestartion in the horse. A review of 68 cases. Veterinary Surgery, v,17, p. 2-5, 1988.
Dart, A.J.; Dowling, B.A., Smith, C.L. Topical treatments in equine wound managemnet. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice, v.21, n.1, p.77-89, 2005.
Desmouliere, A.; Redard, M.; Darby, I. et al. Apoptosis mediates the decrease in cellularity during the transition between granulation tissue and scar. American Journal of Pathology, v.16, p.56-66, 1995.
Egosi, E.I.; Ferreira, A.M.; Burns, A.L. et al. Mast cells modulate the inflamation but not the proliferative response in healing wounds. Wound Repair and Regeneration, v.11, p.46-54, 2003.
Farstvedt, E.; Stashak, T.S. Update on topical wound medications. Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice, v.3, n.2, p.164-172, 2004.
Fossum, T.W. Small Animal Surgery. 3.ed. St. Louis: Mosby-Elsevier; 2007. p.159-176.
Gómez, J.H.; Hanson, R.R. Use of dressing and bandages in equine wound mangemnet. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice, v.21, n.1, p.91-104, 2005.
Gómez, J.H.; Schumacher, J.; Lauten, SD. et al. Effects of 3 biologic dressing on healing of cutaneus wounds on the lims of horses. Canadian Jornal of Veterinary Research, v.68, n.1, p.49- 55, 2004.
Hanson, R.R. Management of avulsion wounds with exposed bone. Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice, v.3, n.2, p.188-203, 2004.
Hanson, R.R. Management of burn injuries in the horse. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice, v.21, n.1, p.105-123, 2005.
Hendrix, S.M.; Baxter, G.M. Management of complicated wounds. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice, v,21, n.1, p.217-230, 2005.
Horwitz, D.J. Osseus interfernce of soft tissue healing. Surgical Clinics of North America, v. 64, p. 699-704, 1984.
Howard, R.D.; Mcilwraith, C.W.; Trotte, G.W. et al. Clonning of equine interleukin 1 alpha and equine interleukin 1 beta and determination of their full- lenght cDNA sequences. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v.59, p.704-711, 1998.
Ingle-Fehr, J.; Baxter, G.M. Skin Preparation and surgical scrub techniques. In: White, II N.A.; Moore, J.N. (Ed.) Current Techniques in Equine Surgery and Lameness. 2ed. Philadelphia: Saunders company; 1998. 68-72p.
Lusby, P.E.; Coombes, A.; Wilkinson, J.M. Honey: A potent agent for wound healing? Journal of Wound, Ostomy and continence Nursing. v.29, n.6, p.295-300, 2002.
Moens, Y.; Verschooten, F.; Demoor, A. Bone sequestration as a consequence o lims wounds in the horse. Veterinary Radiology, v.21, p.40-44, 1980.
Nobukuni, K.; Hayakawa, N.; Namba, R. et al. The influence of long-term treatment with povidone- iodine on thyroid function. Dermatology, v.195, p.69-72, 1997.
Orsini, J.A. Mangement of severely infected wounds in the equine patient. Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice, v.3, n.2, p.225-236, 2004.
Prince, H.N.; Nonemarker, W.S.; Norgard, R.C. Drug resistence studies with topial antiseptics. Journal of Pharmacology Science, v.67, p. 1629-1631, 1978.
Rodríguez-Bigas, M.; Cruz, N.I.; Suárez, A. Comparative evaluattion of Aloe Vera in the management of burn wouds in Guinea pigs. Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, v.81, p. 386- 389, 1988.
Scheider, R.Y.; Bramlage, L.R.; Mecklenburg, L.M. et al. A retrospective study of 142 affect with septic arthritis/tenosynovitis. Equine Veterinary Journal, v.24, p.412- 414, 1992.
Schremmer, R. New concepts in wound management. Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine, v.5, n.4, p.239-245, 2004.
Schwatz, A.J.; Wilson, D.; Keegan, K.G. et al. Factors regulating collagen synthesis and degration during second-intention healing of wounds in the thoracic region and the distal aspect of the forelimb of horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v.63, p.1564-1570, 2002.
Shetty, K.; Duthie, H.E. Thyrotoxocosis induced by topical iodine application. Archives of Internal Medicine, v.150, p.2400-2401, 1990.
Singer, A.J.; Clark, R.A.F. Cutaneus wound healing. New England Journal of Medicine, v.341, p.378-376, 1999.
Slatter S. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. 3ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Company; 2003. 259- 274p.
Sootwod, L.L.; Baxter, G.M. Instrument, sterilization, skin preparation and wound management. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice, v.12, p.173-194, 1996.
Stashak, T.S. Equine Wound Management. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger, 1991. 234p.
Swain, S.F. Topical wound medications. A review. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Associated, v.190, p.1588-1593, 1987.
Talan, D.A. The management of bite wounds. The New England Journal of Medicine, v.340, p.138-140, 1999.
Theoret, C.L. Update on wound repair. Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice, v.3, n.2, p.110- 122, 2004.
Theoret, C.L. The pathophysiology of wound repair. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice, v.21, n.1, p.1-13, 2005.
Thorwald, J. El siglo de los Cirujanos. Barcelona, Editorial Destino, 2000.
Visavadia, B.G.; Honeysett, J.; Danford, M.H. Manuka honey dressing: an effective treatment for chronic wound infections. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2006. Disponible en: http: www.science direct/htm. Accesado en: 28/12/2006.
Wilkins, R.H. Neurosurgical Classic XVII Edwin Smith surgycal papyrus. Journal of Neurosurgery, v.32, p.240-244, 1964.
Wilmink, J.M.; VanWeeren, P.R.; Stolk, P.W. et al. Differences in second intention wound healing between horses and ponis: Histological aspects. Equine Veterinary Journal, v.31, p.61-67, 1999.
Wilkmink, J.M.; VanWeeren, P.R. Second intention repair in the horse and pony and management of exuberant granulation tissue. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice, v.21, n.1, p.15-32, 2005.
Wilson, D.A. Priciples of early wound management. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice, v.21, n.1, p.45-62, 2005.
Ziegler, K.; Gorl, R.; Effing, J.; et al. Reduced cellular toxicity of a new silver-containing antimicrobial dressing and clinical performance in non-healing wounds. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, v.19, n.3, p.140-146, 2006.
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