Rendimiento de gallinas Leghorn en ambiente tropical y niveles crecientes de proteína cruda en la dieta

Abstract

ABSTRACT: An experiment was carried out to determine the nutritional requirements of crude protein in light post-peak production poultry during the first lay cycle. Three hundred 38 weeks old Hy Line W36® hens were used for the experiment, distributed in an experimental design unreservedly at random with five treatments, five repetitions and 12 hens for experimental unit. The birds were fed with a basic diet including corn, sorghum, and soybean cake, with 2,800 kilocalories of EM/kg, and five levels of PB (14, 15, 16, 17 and 18%). Meaningful statistic differences were not observed (P>0,05) in egg production, egg mass, food consumption, nutritional conversion and birds corporal weight increase of the birds that underwent the different treatments. As a consequence, the productive performance of the birds is not related with the level of raw protein only if the adequate levels of energy and limiting amino acids are guaranteed.

Keywords

poultry

white

nutrition

nutrient

requirements

References

Díaz-López, E.A.; Narváez-Solarte, W.; LópezGonzález, J.F. Desempeño zootécnico de gallinas leghorn y semipesadas alimentadas con diferentes niveles de proteína bruta en la dieta, en clima tropical. Grupo de investigación en nutrición, metabolismo y calidad alimentaria. Universidad de Caldas, Programa de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, 2011. 14p.

Fasuyi, A.O.; Dairo, F.S.A.; Olujimi, O.T. Protein supplementary quality of vegetable leaf meal (Amaranthus cruentus) in the diets of laying hens: Egg laying performance, egg quality and heamatological implications. J. Food Agric. Environ, v.5, p.294-300, 2007.

Filho, J.J.; Vilar da Silva, J.H.; Lindolfo da Silva, E. et al. Methionine + cystine requirements of semiheavy laying hens from the starter to peak of egg production. R. Bras. Zootec., v.35, p.1063- 1069, 2006.

Halle, I.; Danicke, S.; Rauch, H.W. Untersuchungen zur Aminosaurenversorgung von Legehybriden. Arch. Geflugelkd, v.69, p.167-174, 2005.

Hy-line internacional, variedad w-36. Guía de manejo comercial. Manual. Estados Unidos. p.11-12 y 18, 2010.

Hulan, H.W.; Mcrae, K.B.; Proudfoot, F.G. Performance Comparisons of Phased Protein Dietary Regimens Fed to Commercials Leghorns During the Laying Period. Agriculture Canadá, Research Station, Kentville, Nova Scotia, Poultry Science, v67, 1447-1454, 1985.

Hussein, A.S.; Cantor, A.H.; Pescatore, A.J. et al. Effect of Dietary Protein and Energy Levels on Pullet Development. Poultry Science, v.75: 973- 978, 1996.

Ibrahim, S.; Blair, R.; Jacob, J. Using reduced protein diets to minimize nitrogen excretion of layer. En: Department of Animal Science. Abstracs. University of BC, Vancouver, BC. V6T1Z4, 1992.

Jensen, L.S.; Penz, A.M. Metabolism and Nutrition. Influence of Protein Concentration, Amino acid Supplementation, and Daily Time of access to High or Low – Protein Diets on Egg Weight, Production and Components in Laying Hens. Poultry Science, v.70: p.2460-2466, 1991.

Johnston, S.A.; Gous, R.M. Modelling the changes in the proportions of the egg components during a laying cycle. Br. Poult. Sci., v.48, p.347-353, 2007.

Keshavarz, K. The effect of different dietary protein levels in the rearing and laying periods on the performance of white leghorn chickens. Poultry Science, v.63, p.2229-2240, 1984.

Keshavarz, K.; Nakajima, S. The effect of dietary manipulations of energy, protein, and fat during the growing and laying periods on early egg weight and egg components. Poult. Sci., v.74, p.50-61, 1995.

Keshavarz, K.; Austic, R.E. The use of low-protein, low-phosphorus, amino acid- and phytasesupplemented diets on laying hen performance and nitrogen and phosphorus excretion. Poult. Sci., v.83, p.75-83, 2004.

Kleyn, F.J.; Gous, R.M. Response of Laying Hens to Energy and Amino acids. Departament of Animal Science and Poultry Science, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa 8: 113, 1988.

Lee, K.H.; Ohh, Y.S. Effects of nutrient levels and feeding regimen of a.m. and p.m. on laying hen performances and feed cost. Korean J. Poult. Sci., v.29, p.195-204, 2002.

Leeson, S.; Summers, J. Nutrition of the chicken. 4th ed. Univ. Books, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 2001.

Lemme, A.; Rostagno, H.S.; Knox, A. et al. Responses of laying hens to graded levels of dietary methionine. 22nd World’s Poult. Conf., Istanbul, Turkey. (Abstr.), 2004.

Nescheim, C.M. Phase Feeding. Feedstufs, v.40, n.30, p.24, 1968.

Nivas, S.C.; Sunde, M.L. Protein Requeriments of Layers Per Day and Phase Feeding. Departament of Poultry Science, University of Winsconsin, Madison, Winsconsin. 53706. p.1672-1678, 1969.

Novak, C.L.; Yakout, H.; Scheideler, S.E. The combined effects of dietary lysine and total sulfur amino acid level on egg production parameters and egg components in Dekalb Delta laying hens. Poult. Sci., v.83, p.977-984, 2004.

NRC. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC, 1994. Reid, B.L. Estimated daily protein requeriments of laying hens. Poultry Science, v.55, p.1641- 1645, 1976.

Robbins, K.R.; Saxton, A.; Southern, L. Estimation of nutrient requirements using broken-line regression analysis. J. Anim. Sci., ( E-Suppl.) 84:E155–E165, 2006.

Rostagno, H.S.; Taeixeir, A.L.; Donzele, J.L. et al. Tablas Brasileñas para Aves y Cerdos. Composición de Alimentos y Requerimientos Nutricionales. 2da Edición. Universidad Federal de Vicosa. Brasil, 2005.

Sakomura, N.K. Modelling energy utilization in broiler breeders, laying hens and broilers. Braz. J. Poult. Sci., v.6, p.1-11, 2004.

SAS Institute. SAS/STAT User’s Guide. Version 6. 5th ed. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC. 2002.

Summers, J.D.; Leeson, S. Influence of diets varying in nutrient density on the development and reproductive performance of White Leghorn pullets. Poult. Sci., v.72, p.1500-1509, 1993.