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Publication Date: 2011-06-17
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Müller Dantas, V. ., Lenz Souza, M. I. ., Duenhas Monreal, A. C. ., Canduri, F. ., & Gonçalves Oliveira, H. . (2011). Annual changes in seminal traits, scrotal circumference and plasma testosterone in Saanen bucks at Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Veterinaria Y Zootecnia (On Line), 5(1), 9–19. Retrieved from https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/vetzootec/article/view/4475
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Abstract
ABSTRACT: Production and quality of ejaculation as well as libido and plasma testosterone levels in bucks change throughout the year induced by day length, with respect to either increasing or decreasing photoperiod, depending on the latitude at which animals are kept. Aiming to assess the presence or absence of influence of the season or of rainfall on reproductive and annual concentrations of testosterone, eight adult Saanen bucks were kept at a 20°16 ‘S latitude, submitted monthly to the collection and evaluation of semen, scrotal circumference and jugular venipuncture in order to obtain plasma and later to determine testosterone levels by radioimmunoassay during twelve months,grouped in the dry (June-November) and rainy (December-May) seasons. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and means were tested using Tukey, Wilcoxon and Z tests, depending on the characteristics evaluated. We found significant differences (P <0.05) only between scrotal circumference and total sperm concentration by period. The other characteristics of semen (volume, vortex, progressive motility, spermatozoa count and morphology) and plasma testosterone concentrations did not change throughout the year (P> 0.05). With these results it was concluded that there is no marked seasonality of the Saanen bucks in this latitude, allowing the use of animals in reproductive management, throughout the year.
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References
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Ahmad, N.; Noakes, D.E. Seasonal variations in the Semen quality of young British goats. The British Veterinary Journal, v.152, p.225-236, 1996.
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Arrebola, F.; Pérez-Marín, C.C.; Santiago-Moreno, J. Limitation of seasonality in reproductive parameters of Mediterranean bucks, using photoperiod treatment. Small Ruminant Research, v.89, p.31-35, 2010.
Bezerra, F.Q.G.; Aguiar Filho, C.R.; Freitas Neto, L.M. et al. Body weight, scrotal circumference and testosterone concentration in young Boer goat males born during the dry or rainy seasons. South African Journal of Animal Science, v.39, n.4, p.301-306, 2009.
Blom, E. The ultrastructure of some characteristics sperm defects and a proposal for a new classification of the Bull spermiogram. In: Symposium International di Zootechnie, 7, 1972, Milano. Anais… Milano: The Symposium, 1972. p.125-139.
Bordoloi, R.K.; Sharman, P.K. Variation in the percentage of abnormalities and percentage of live spermatozoa in different breeds of goat. Indian Veterinary Journal, v.60, p.455-456, 1983.
Cbra. Manual para exame andrológico e avaliação de sêmen animal. 2.ed. Belo Horizonte: Convênio MA/CBRA, 1998. p.32-34.
Chemineau, P.; Malpaux, B.; Delgadillo, J.A. et al. Control of sheep and goat reproduction: use of light and melatonin. Animal Reproduction Science, v.30, p.157-184, 1992.
Chemineau, P.; Malpaux, B.; Brillard, J.P. et al. Seasonality of reproduction and production in farm fishes, birds and mammals. Animal, v.1, n.3, p.419-432, 2007.
Delgadillo, J.A. Características anatômicas e funcionais do sistema reprodutor do macho. In: AISEN, E.G. Reprodução Ovina e Caprina. São Paulo: MedVet. c.1, p.1-10, 2008.
Delgadillo, J.A.; Chemineau, P. Abolition of the seasonal release of luteinizing hormone and testosterone in Alpine male goats (Capra hircus) by short photoperiodic cycles. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, v.94, p.45–55, 1992.
Delgadillo, J.A.; Cortez, M.E.; Duarte, G. et al. Evidence that the photoperiod controls the annual changes in testosterone secretion, testicular and body weight in subtropical male goats. Reproduction, Nutrition and Development, v.44, n.3, p.183-193, 2004.
Delgadillo, J.A.; Leboeuf, B., Chemineau, P. Decrease in the seasonality of sexual behavior and sperm production in bucks by exposure to short photoperiodic cycles. Theriogenology, v.36, p.755-770, 1991.
Dias, M.J.; Ferreira, R.N.; Filho, B.D.O. et al. Sazonalidade da produção espermática de reprodutores caprinos. 25, 1995, Goiânia, GO. Anais… Goiânia: Escola de Agronomia e Veterinária, 1995.
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Karatzas, G.; Karagiannidis, A.; Varsakeli, S. et al. Fertility of fresh and frozen-thawed goat semen during the non-breeding season. Theriogenology, v.48, p.1049-059, 1997.
Lincoln, G.A.; Lincoln, C.E.; Mcneilly, A. Seasonal cycles in the blood plasma concentration of FSH, inhibin and testosterone, and testicular size in rams of wild, feral and domesticated breeds of sheep. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, v.88, p.623-633, 1990.
Lôbo, R.N.B. Selección del reproductor adecuado. In: Congreso Internacional de Caprinos y Ovinos, 2, Bogotá, Memorias… Bogotá, 2005, CDRom. Martins, L.F. Avaliação do sêmen e proteínas solúveis do plasma seminal de bodes da raça parda alpina. Viçosa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2001. 84p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária).
Martins, L.F.; Pereira, M.C.B.; Guimarães, J.D. et al. Avaliação espermática e da concentração de proteínas solúveis no plasma seminal de bodes da raça Alpina em regime de monta controlada. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.35, p.1653- 1659, 2006.
Matsuoka, T.; Imai, H.; Asakuma, S. et al. Changes of fructose concentrations in seminal plasma and glucose and testosterone concentrations in blood plasma in rams over the course of a year. Journal of Reproduction and Development, v.52, n.6, p.805-810, 2006.
Mendoza, G.; White, I.G.; Chow, P. Studies of chemical components of angora goat seminal plasma. Theriogenology, v.32, p.455-3, 1989. Mies Filho, A. Reprodução dos animais. 6.ed. Porto Alegre: Sulina, 1987, 736p.
Mies Filho, A. Regulação natural da reprodução dos animais. A Hora Veterinária, v.52, p.21-29, 1989.
Ott, R.S.; Memon, M.A. Breeding soundness examinations of rams and bucks, a review. Theriogenology, v.13, n.2, p.155-164, 1980.
Parkinson, T.J.; Follett, B.K. Effect of thyroidectomy upon seasonality in rams. Journal of Reproduction and Fertilility, v.101, p.51-58, 1994.
Pérez, B.; Mateos, E. Seasonal variations in plasma testosterone levels in Verata and Malagueña bucks. Small Ruminant Research, v.15, p.155-62, 1995.
Pérez-LLano, B.; Rex, E.M. Desarrollo testicular y produccion de testosterona en machos cabrios de las razas Verata y Malagueña. Investigación Agraria: Producción y Sanidad Animales, v.9, p.13-20, 1994.
Ramadan, T.A.; Taha, T.A.; Samak, M.A. et al. Effectiveness of exposure to longday followed by melatonin treatment on semen characteristics of Damascus male goats during breeding and non-breeding seasons. Theriogenology, v.71, p. 458-468, 2009.
Rhim, T.J.; Kuehl, D.; Jackson, G.L., Seasonal changes in the relationships between secretion of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone and Testosterone in the ram. Biology of Reproduction, v.48, p.197- 204, 1993.
Ribeiro, S.D.A. Caprinocultura: criação racional de caprinos. São Paulo: Nobel, 1997. p.180- 189.
Riis, P.M. Dynamic biochemistry of animal production. Amsterdan: Elsevier Science Publishers, v. A-3, 1983, 501p.
Ritar, A.J. Seasonal changes in LH, androgens and testes in the male Angorá goat. Theriogenology, v.36, p.959-970, 1991.
Roca, J.; Martínez, E.; Sánchez-Valverde, M.A. et al. Seasonal variations of semen quality in male goats: study of sperm abnormalities. Theriogenology, v.38, p.115-25, 1992.
Sas. 1996. SAS/STAT Software: Changes and Enhancement through Release 6.12. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
Santos, A.D.F.; TORRES, C.A.A; FONSECA, J.F. et al. Parâmetros reprodutivos de bodes submetidos ao manejo de fotoperíodo artificial. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.35, p.1926- 1933, 2006.
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Silva, G.A.; Souza, B.B; Alfaro, C.E.P. et al. Efeito das épocas do ano e de turno sob os parâmetros fisiológicos e seminais de caprinos no semiárido paraibano. Agropecuária Científica do Semi-Árido, v.1, p.7-14, 2005.
Sinha, N.K.; Singh, D. Semen production in goats under tropical conditions. In: International Conference on Goats, 7, Tours, Proceedings... Tours, 2000, p.441.
Sousa, J.P.F.; Barbas, J.P.; Ferreira, G.M.B.C. et al. Variação anual das características seminais em bodes da raça Serrana. Revista Portuguesa de Zootecnia, v.2, p.297-311, 2002.
Souza, M.I.L.; Uribe-Velásquez, L.F.; Bicudo, S.D. et al. Determinação dos ritmos circadianos e circanuais nas concentrações plasmáticas de testosterona e androstenediona em machos ovinos. Arquivos de Ciências Veterinárias e Zoologia da Unipar, v.9, n.2, p.123-127, 2006.
Souza, J.A.T.; Campelo, J.E.G.; Macedo, N.A. et al. Biometria testicular, características seminais, libido e concentração de testosterona em ovinos da raça Santa Inês, criados a campo, na microrregião de Campo Maior, Piauí. Ciência Veterinária dos Trópicos, v.10, n.1, p.21-28, 2007.
Stabenfeldt, G.H.; Edqvist, L. Processos reprodutivos do macho. In: Swenson, M.J.; Reece, W.O. Dukes-Fisiologia dos animais domésticos. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 1996. c.35, p.603-614.
Talebi, J.; Souri, M.; Moghaddam, A. et al. Characteristics and seasonal variation in the sêmen of Markhoz bucks in western Iran. Small Ruminant Research, v.85, p.18-22, 2009.
Todini, L.; Malfatti, A.; Terzano, G.M. et al. Seasonality of plasma testosterone in males of four Mediterranean goat breeds and in three different climatic conditions. Theriogenology, v.67, p.627–631, 2007.
Zamiri, M.J.; Khodaei, H.R. Seasonal thyroidal activity and reproductive characteristics of Iranian fat-tailed rams. Animal Reproduction Science, v.88, n.3-4, p.245-255, 2005.
Ahmad, N.; Noakes, D.E. Seasonal variations in testis size, libido and plasma testosterone concentrations in British goats. Animal Science, v.61, p.553-9, 1995.
Ahmad, N.; Noakes, D.E. Seasonal variations in the Semen quality of young British goats. The British Veterinary Journal, v.152, p.225-236, 1996.
Aleu, J.R. Variaciones estacionales de la congelabilidad del semen caprino. In: Jornadas Internacionales de Reproducción Animal e Inseminación Artificial, 6, Salamanca, 1992. Libro de comunicaciones... Salamanca: Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentacion, 1992. p.336-41, 1992.
Angulo, V.M.; Gallego, R.; Palomares, M.D.P.G. Fatores que interferem na fertilidade da inseminação artificial. In: AISEN, E.G. Reprodução Ovina e Caprina. São Paulo: MedVet. c.10, p.133-141, 2008.
Arrebola, F.; Pérez-Marín, C.C.; Santiago-Moreno, J. Limitation of seasonality in reproductive parameters of Mediterranean bucks, using photoperiod treatment. Small Ruminant Research, v.89, p.31-35, 2010.
Bezerra, F.Q.G.; Aguiar Filho, C.R.; Freitas Neto, L.M. et al. Body weight, scrotal circumference and testosterone concentration in young Boer goat males born during the dry or rainy seasons. South African Journal of Animal Science, v.39, n.4, p.301-306, 2009.
Blom, E. The ultrastructure of some characteristics sperm defects and a proposal for a new classification of the Bull spermiogram. In: Symposium International di Zootechnie, 7, 1972, Milano. Anais… Milano: The Symposium, 1972. p.125-139.
Bordoloi, R.K.; Sharman, P.K. Variation in the percentage of abnormalities and percentage of live spermatozoa in different breeds of goat. Indian Veterinary Journal, v.60, p.455-456, 1983.
Cbra. Manual para exame andrológico e avaliação de sêmen animal. 2.ed. Belo Horizonte: Convênio MA/CBRA, 1998. p.32-34.
Chemineau, P.; Malpaux, B.; Delgadillo, J.A. et al. Control of sheep and goat reproduction: use of light and melatonin. Animal Reproduction Science, v.30, p.157-184, 1992.
Chemineau, P.; Malpaux, B.; Brillard, J.P. et al. Seasonality of reproduction and production in farm fishes, birds and mammals. Animal, v.1, n.3, p.419-432, 2007.
Delgadillo, J.A. Características anatômicas e funcionais do sistema reprodutor do macho. In: AISEN, E.G. Reprodução Ovina e Caprina. São Paulo: MedVet. c.1, p.1-10, 2008.
Delgadillo, J.A.; Chemineau, P. Abolition of the seasonal release of luteinizing hormone and testosterone in Alpine male goats (Capra hircus) by short photoperiodic cycles. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, v.94, p.45–55, 1992.
Delgadillo, J.A.; Cortez, M.E.; Duarte, G. et al. Evidence that the photoperiod controls the annual changes in testosterone secretion, testicular and body weight in subtropical male goats. Reproduction, Nutrition and Development, v.44, n.3, p.183-193, 2004.
Delgadillo, J.A.; Leboeuf, B., Chemineau, P. Decrease in the seasonality of sexual behavior and sperm production in bucks by exposure to short photoperiodic cycles. Theriogenology, v.36, p.755-770, 1991.
Dias, M.J.; Ferreira, R.N.; Filho, B.D.O. et al. Sazonalidade da produção espermática de reprodutores caprinos. 25, 1995, Goiânia, GO. Anais… Goiânia: Escola de Agronomia e Veterinária, 1995.
Eloy, A.M.X.; Santa Rosa, J. Seleção de reprodutores caprinos de acordo com os níveis de testosterona. Ciência Animal, v.4, p.3-8, 1994.
Eloy, A.M.X.; Santa Rosa, J. Perfis plasmáticos de testosterona durante a puberdade de machos caprinos da raça Moxotó. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v.33, p.1645-1652, 1998.
Evans, G.; Maxwell, W.M.C. Salamon’s artificial insemination of sheep and goats. Butterworth Publishers, Sydney, 1987, 194p.
Fonseca, J.F. Estratégias para o controle do ciclo estral e superovulação em ovinos e caprinos. In: Congresso Brasileiro de Reprodução Animal, 16, 2005. Goiânia, GO. Anais... Palestras. Goiânia, 2005.
Hafez, E.S.E.; Hafez, B. Reprodução animal. 7.ed. São Paulo: Manole, 2004, 513p.
Herman, H.A.; Mitchell, J.R.; DOAK, G.A. Evaluation of semen–morphology. In: Herman, H.A.; Mitchell, J.R.; Doak, G.A. (eds.). The artificial insemination and embryo transferof dairy and beef cattle. 8. ed. Dauville: Interstate Publishers, Inc., 1994. p.85-92.
Karatzas, G.; Karagiannidis, A.; Varsakeli, S. et al. Fertility of fresh and frozen-thawed goat semen during the non-breeding season. Theriogenology, v.48, p.1049-059, 1997.
Lincoln, G.A.; Lincoln, C.E.; Mcneilly, A. Seasonal cycles in the blood plasma concentration of FSH, inhibin and testosterone, and testicular size in rams of wild, feral and domesticated breeds of sheep. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, v.88, p.623-633, 1990.
Lôbo, R.N.B. Selección del reproductor adecuado. In: Congreso Internacional de Caprinos y Ovinos, 2, Bogotá, Memorias… Bogotá, 2005, CDRom. Martins, L.F. Avaliação do sêmen e proteínas solúveis do plasma seminal de bodes da raça parda alpina. Viçosa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2001. 84p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária).
Martins, L.F.; Pereira, M.C.B.; Guimarães, J.D. et al. Avaliação espermática e da concentração de proteínas solúveis no plasma seminal de bodes da raça Alpina em regime de monta controlada. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.35, p.1653- 1659, 2006.
Matsuoka, T.; Imai, H.; Asakuma, S. et al. Changes of fructose concentrations in seminal plasma and glucose and testosterone concentrations in blood plasma in rams over the course of a year. Journal of Reproduction and Development, v.52, n.6, p.805-810, 2006.
Mendoza, G.; White, I.G.; Chow, P. Studies of chemical components of angora goat seminal plasma. Theriogenology, v.32, p.455-3, 1989. Mies Filho, A. Reprodução dos animais. 6.ed. Porto Alegre: Sulina, 1987, 736p.
Mies Filho, A. Regulação natural da reprodução dos animais. A Hora Veterinária, v.52, p.21-29, 1989.
Ott, R.S.; Memon, M.A. Breeding soundness examinations of rams and bucks, a review. Theriogenology, v.13, n.2, p.155-164, 1980.
Parkinson, T.J.; Follett, B.K. Effect of thyroidectomy upon seasonality in rams. Journal of Reproduction and Fertilility, v.101, p.51-58, 1994.
Pérez, B.; Mateos, E. Seasonal variations in plasma testosterone levels in Verata and Malagueña bucks. Small Ruminant Research, v.15, p.155-62, 1995.
Pérez-LLano, B.; Rex, E.M. Desarrollo testicular y produccion de testosterona en machos cabrios de las razas Verata y Malagueña. Investigación Agraria: Producción y Sanidad Animales, v.9, p.13-20, 1994.
Ramadan, T.A.; Taha, T.A.; Samak, M.A. et al. Effectiveness of exposure to longday followed by melatonin treatment on semen characteristics of Damascus male goats during breeding and non-breeding seasons. Theriogenology, v.71, p. 458-468, 2009.
Rhim, T.J.; Kuehl, D.; Jackson, G.L., Seasonal changes in the relationships between secretion of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone and Testosterone in the ram. Biology of Reproduction, v.48, p.197- 204, 1993.
Ribeiro, S.D.A. Caprinocultura: criação racional de caprinos. São Paulo: Nobel, 1997. p.180- 189.
Riis, P.M. Dynamic biochemistry of animal production. Amsterdan: Elsevier Science Publishers, v. A-3, 1983, 501p.
Ritar, A.J. Seasonal changes in LH, androgens and testes in the male Angorá goat. Theriogenology, v.36, p.959-970, 1991.
Roca, J.; Martínez, E.; Sánchez-Valverde, M.A. et al. Seasonal variations of semen quality in male goats: study of sperm abnormalities. Theriogenology, v.38, p.115-25, 1992.
Sas. 1996. SAS/STAT Software: Changes and Enhancement through Release 6.12. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
Santos, A.D.F.; TORRES, C.A.A; FONSECA, J.F. et al. Parâmetros reprodutivos de bodes submetidos ao manejo de fotoperíodo artificial. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.35, p.1926- 1933, 2006.
Seplanct. Indicadores Básicos de Mato Grosso do Sul. Governo do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul-Secretaria de Estado de Planejamento, Ciência e Tecnologia, 2006. Disponível
em:
Silva, G.A.; Souza, B.B; Alfaro, C.E.P. et al. Efeito das épocas do ano e de turno sob os parâmetros fisiológicos e seminais de caprinos no semiárido paraibano. Agropecuária Científica do Semi-Árido, v.1, p.7-14, 2005.
Sinha, N.K.; Singh, D. Semen production in goats under tropical conditions. In: International Conference on Goats, 7, Tours, Proceedings... Tours, 2000, p.441.
Sousa, J.P.F.; Barbas, J.P.; Ferreira, G.M.B.C. et al. Variação anual das características seminais em bodes da raça Serrana. Revista Portuguesa de Zootecnia, v.2, p.297-311, 2002.
Souza, M.I.L.; Uribe-Velásquez, L.F.; Bicudo, S.D. et al. Determinação dos ritmos circadianos e circanuais nas concentrações plasmáticas de testosterona e androstenediona em machos ovinos. Arquivos de Ciências Veterinárias e Zoologia da Unipar, v.9, n.2, p.123-127, 2006.
Souza, J.A.T.; Campelo, J.E.G.; Macedo, N.A. et al. Biometria testicular, características seminais, libido e concentração de testosterona em ovinos da raça Santa Inês, criados a campo, na microrregião de Campo Maior, Piauí. Ciência Veterinária dos Trópicos, v.10, n.1, p.21-28, 2007.
Stabenfeldt, G.H.; Edqvist, L. Processos reprodutivos do macho. In: Swenson, M.J.; Reece, W.O. Dukes-Fisiologia dos animais domésticos. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 1996. c.35, p.603-614.
Talebi, J.; Souri, M.; Moghaddam, A. et al. Characteristics and seasonal variation in the sêmen of Markhoz bucks in western Iran. Small Ruminant Research, v.85, p.18-22, 2009.
Todini, L.; Malfatti, A.; Terzano, G.M. et al. Seasonality of plasma testosterone in males of four Mediterranean goat breeds and in three different climatic conditions. Theriogenology, v.67, p.627–631, 2007.
Zamiri, M.J.; Khodaei, H.R. Seasonal thyroidal activity and reproductive characteristics of Iranian fat-tailed rams. Animal Reproduction Science, v.88, n.3-4, p.245-255, 2005.
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