PDF (Español)
FLIP
Publication Date: 2011-12-16
How to Cite
Luis Gabriel, Pardo Gamboa, B. S. ., Quintero Pardo, A. M. C. ., & Pezzato, L. E. P. (2011). Nutritional requirements and bioavailability of sources of phosphorus for Nile tilapia. Revista Veterinaria Y Zootecnia (On Line), 5(2), 30–43. Retrieved from https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/vetzootec/article/view/4454
More Citation Formats
Authors
Abstract
ABSTRACT: phosphorus is the most important mineral for growing fish due to its role in skeleton development and nutrient metabolism. Phosphorus is also important in homeostasis and muscular and nervous functions. Nutritional requirements for phosphorus vary with fish species, fish size, the availability of ingredients and nutrient density of the feeds. Phosphorous dietary requirements demands for Nile tilapia are higher in the early life stages and are later affected by fish size and total experimental period. The apparent digestibility coefficient measures the proportion of nutrients a fish can absorb from an ingredient and it allows the formulation of balanced diets at a low cost and at low environmental impact. The capacity of phosphorus absorption by Nile tilapia varies with the fish size and the phosphorus chemical molecule form predominant in the source. Mineral and animal phosphorous sources are better taken by younger animals and the phosphorous coming from plant sources is better taken advantage by adult fish.
Keywords:
References
Arai, S.; Mueller, R.; Shimma, Y.; Nose, T. Effect of calcium supplement to yeast grow on hidrocarbons as feedstuffs for rainbow trout. Bulletin of Freshwater Fish Research Laboratory, v.25, p.33-40, 1975.
Barbosa Ribeiro, F.; Teixeira Lanna, E.A.; Delmondes Bomfim, M.A.; Juarez Lopes, D.; Saraiva de Freitas, A.; De Sousa, M.P.; Quadros, M. Níveis de fósforo total em dietas para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.35, n.4, p.1588-1593, 2006.
Boscolo, W.R.; Feiden, A.; Reidel, A.; Broll, F.; Holdefer, A.M.; Dos Santos, R.V.; Maranhão, T.C.F. Exigência de fósforo da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) na fase de crescimento. Varia Scientia, Cascavel, v.3, n.1, p.115-124, 2003.
Boscolo, W.G.; Feiden, A.; Bombardelli, R.A.; Signor, A.; Gentelini, A.L.; De Souza, B.E. Exigência de fósforo para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences, v. 27, n.1, p. 87-91, 2005.
Boscolo, W.R.; C. Hayashi; A. Feiden; F. Meurer e A.A. Signor. Composição química e digestibilidade aparente da energia e nutrientes da farinha de resíduos da indústria de filetagem de tilápias, para a tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Ciência Rural, n.38, p.2579-2586, 2008.
Chow, K.W.; Schell, W.R. The minerals. In: Fish Feed Technology. Aquaculture development and cordination programme. FAO/UNDP, Italia-Roma, 1980. p.104-108.
Coon,C.; Leske, K.; Seo, S. The availability os calcium and phosphorus in feedstuffs. In: McNab, M.J. & Boormn, K.N. (Eds.). Poultry feddstuffs: supply, composition and nutritive value. Cab International, 2002. p.151-179.
Cunha, T.J. Present status on swine feeding and nutrition. Hoffmann La Roche. Basle, 1967. 20p.
Dabrowska, H.; Meye-Burgdorff, K.H.; Gunther, K.D. Interaction between dietary protein and magnesium level in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture, v.76, p.277-291, 1989.
Da Silva, A.Y.H.; Cozzolino, S.M.F. Fósforo. In: Cozzolino, S.M.F. Biodisponibilidade de nutrientes. 2ª Ed. Manole Interesse Geral: Barueri, SP, 2007. p.447-458.
De Silva, S.S.; Anderson, T.A. Fish Nutrition in Aquaculture. London: Chapman & Hall, 1995. 319p.
English, W.R.; Schwedler, T.E.; Dyck, L.A. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, a toxic blue green alga in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, ponds: a case history. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, v.3, p.195-209, 1993.
Eya, J.C.; Lovell, R.T. Net absorption of dietary phosphorus from various inorganic sources and effect of fungal phytase on net absorption of plant phosphorus by channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Journal of world aquaculture society, v.28, p.386-391, 1997.
Freire, E.S.; L.E. Pezzato e M.M. Barros. Coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente e valores de aminoácidos digestíveis do sorgo baixo e alto tanino pela tilápia do Nilo. Veterinária e Zootecnia, n.12, p.77-89, 2005.
Furuya, W.M. Digestibilidade aparente de aminoácidos e substituição da proteína da farinha de peixes pela proteína do farelo de soja com base no conceito de proteína ideal em rações para a tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Botucatu, SP: Universidade Estadual Paulista, 2000. 70p.
Tesse (Doutorado em Zotecnia). ________. (Editor). Tabelas brasileiras para a nutrição de tilápias. Toledo: GFM, 2010. 100p.
Furuya, W.M.; Pezzato, L.E; Miranda, E.C.; Rossetto, B.V.; Barros, M.M. Coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da energia e nutrientes de alguns ingredientes pela tilápia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) (Linhagem Tailandesa). Acta Scientiarum, Maringá, v.23, n.2, p.465-469, 2001.
Garrod, D.J.; Newell, B.S. Ring formation in Tilapia esculenta. Nature, v.181, p.1411-1412, 1958.
Gonçalves, G.S.; Pezzato, L.E.; Padilha, P.M. et al. Disponibilidade aparente do fósforo em alimentos vegetais e suplementação da enzima fitase para tilápia do Nilo. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, vol.36, n.5, suppl, p.1473-1480, 2007.
Guimarães, I.G.; Pezzato, L.E.; Barros, M.M. et al. Coeficiente de digestibilidade dos nutrientes e disponibilidade de minerais em alimentos protéicos extrusados para tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). In: 44ª Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia. O avanço científico e tecnológico na produção animal, 2007. Jaboticabal, Anais... Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil: SBZ, 2007. A-513.
Haylor, G.S.; Beverigde, M.C.M.; Jauncey, K. Phosphorus nutrition of juvenile Oreochromis niloticus. In: The Second International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture, 1998, Manila. Proceedings... Manila: Department of Fisheries, 1988. p.341-345.
Hepher, B. Nutrición de peces comerciales en estanques. Primera Edición. México: Ed. Limusa S.A., 1993. 407p.
Jongbloed, A.W.; Kemme, P.A. Apparent digestible phosphorus in the feeding of pigs in relation to availability, requirement and environment: 1. Digestible phosphorus in feedstuffs from plant and animal origin. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Sciences, v.38, p.567-575, 1990.
Jongbloed AW, Everts H, Kemme PA, Mroz Z. Quantification of absorbability and requirements of macroelements. In: A Quantitative Biology of the Pig. Kyriazakis I, editor. New York: CABI Publishing; 1999. p.275-298.
Ketola, H.G. Requirements of Atlantic salmon for dietary phosphorus. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v.104, p.548- 551, 1975.
Lall, S.P. The Minerals. In: Halver, J.E. & Hardy, R.W. (Eds.). Fish Nutrition, Third Edition, Elsevier Science (USA), 2002. p.259-308.
Lall, S.P.; Lewis-McCrea, L.M. Role of nutrients in skeletal metabolism and pathology in fish - An overview. Aquaculture, v.267, p.3-19, 2007.
Lellis, W.A.; Barrows, F.T.; Hardy, R.W. Effects of phase-feeding dietary phosphorus on survival, growth, and processing characteristics of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, v.242, p.607-616, 2004.
Li, M.H.; Robinson, E.H. Phosphorus availability of common feedstuffs to channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) as measured by weight gain and bone mineralization. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, v.27, n.3, 1996.
Lovell, R.T. Dietary phosphorus requirements of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v.107, p.617-621, 1978.
Martini, L.A. Cálcio e fósforo. In: Vannucchi, H; Cardoso, M.A. (Eds.). Nutrição Humana. Ed. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Gaunabara koogan, 2006, v.1. p.219-236.
McDowell, L.R. Minerals in animal and human nutrition. San Diego, California: Academic Press Limited, 1992. 524p.
Mckay, L.R., Gjerde, B. Genetic variation for spinal deformity in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Aquaculture, v.52, p.263-272, 1986.
Miranda, E.C.; Pezzato, A.C.; Pezzato, L.E.; Graner, C.F.; Rosa, G.J.; Quintero-Pinto, L.G. Relação Cálcio/Fósforo Disponível em Rações para Tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.29, n.6, p.2162-2171, 2000.
National Research Council –NRC–. Nutrient requirements of fish. The National Academy of Sciences, Washington (D.C.), 1993. 114p.
O´Connell, J.P.; Gatlin, D.M. Effects of dietary calcium and vitamin D3 on weight gain and mineral composition of the blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) in-calcium water. Aquaculture, v.125, p.107-117, 1994.
Ogino, C.; Kamizono, M. Mineral requirementes in fish.I. Effects of dietary salt-mixture levels on growth, mortality and body composition in rainbow trout and carp. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, v.41, p.429-434, 1975.
Ogino, C.; Takeda, H. Mineral requirements in fish. 3. Calcium and phosphorus requirements of carp. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, v.42, n.7, p.793-799, 1976.
Ogino, C.B.; Takeuchi, L.; Takeda, H.; Watanabe, T. Availability of dietary phosphorus in carp and rainbow trout. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, v.45, p.1527- 1532, 1979.
Onishi, T.; Suzuki, M.; Takeuchi, M. Change in carp hepatopancreatic activities whith dietary phosphorus levels. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, v.47, p.353- 357, 1987.
Pardo-Gamboa, B.S. Digestibilidade dos macronutrientes e disponibilidade dos minerais, pela tilápia do Nilo, das leveduras íntegra e autolisada. Botucatu, SP: Universidade Estadual Paulista, 2008. 58p.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia). Pezzato, L.E.; Santa Rosa, M.J.; Barros, M.M.; Guimarães, I.G. Exigência em fósforo disponível para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v.36, n.5, p.1600- 605, 2006.
Quintero-Pinto, L.G. Exigências dietarias e disponibilidade de fontes de fósforo para tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Tese de Doutorado. Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia – UNESP, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, 2008. 90p.
Richie, M.; Brown, P.B. Availability of phosphorus from feedstuffs fed to rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, v.142, p.269-282, 1996.
Robinson, E.H.; Labomascus, D.; Brown, P.B.; Linton, T.L. Dietary calcium and phosphorus requirements of Oreochromis aureus reared in calcium-free water. Aquaculture, v.64, p.267- 276, 1987.
Robinson, E.H.; Rawles, S.D.; Yette, H.E.; Greene, L.W. An estimate of the dietary calcium requirement of fingerling Tilapia aureus reared in calcium-free water. Aquaculture, v.41, p.389-393, 1984.
Rodehutscord, M.; Gregus, Z.; Pfeffer, E. Effect of phosphorus intake on faecal and nonfaecal phosphorus excretion in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the consequences for comparative phosphorus availability studies. Aquaculture, v.188, p.383-398, 2000.
Santos, V.G.; A.C. Fernandes Junior; J.F.A. Kock; M.M. Barros; I. Guimarães; M.M. Barros e L.E. Pezzato. Composição química e digestibilidade do farelo de nabo forrageiro para tilápia do Nilo. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, n.11, p.537-546, 2010.
Scott, M.L.; Nesheir, M.C.; Young, R.J. Nutrition of the chicken. Ithaca, New York, USA: M.L. Scott and Associates, 1976.
Silva, T.S.C.; W.M. Furuya; V.G. Santos; D. Botaro, L.C.R.; Silva, P.J.P. Sales; C. Hayashi; L.D. Santos e V.R.B. Furuya. Coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da energia e nutrientes do farelo de soja integral sem e com fitase para a tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Acta Scientiarum – Animal Sciences, n.27, p.371- 375, 2005.
Steffens, W. Principios fundamentales de la alimentación de los peces. Zaragoza: Editora Acribia, 1987. 272p.
Strain, J.J. & Cashman, K.D. Minerais e oligoelementos. In: Gibney, J.; Vorster, H.H.; Kok, F.J. (Eds.). Introdução à nutrição humana. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Guanabara – koogan, 2002. p.162-205.
Sugiura, S.H.; Dong, F.M.; Hardy, R.W. Primary responses of rainbow trout to dietary phosphorus concentrations. Aquaculture Nutrition, v.6, p.235-245, 2000.
Sugiura, S.H.; Dong, F.M.; Rathbone, C.K.; Hardy, R.W. Apparent protein digestibility and mineral availabilities in various feeds ingredients for salmonid feeds. Aquaculture, v.159, p.177- 202, 1998.
Takeuchi, M.; Nakazoe, J. Effect of dietary phosphorus on lipid content and its composition in carp. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, v.47, p.347-352, 1981.
Vander Ploeg, M.; Boyd, C.E. Geosmin production by cyanobacteria (blue green algae) in fish ponds at Auburn, Alabama. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, v.22, p.207-216, 1991.
Viola, S.; Zohar, G.; Arieli, Y. Requirements of phosphorus and its availability from different sources for intensive pond culture species in Israel. Part 2: Carp culture. Bamidgeh, v.38, p.44-54, 1986a.
________. Phosphorus requirements and its availability from different sources for intensive pond culture species in Israel. Part 1: Tilapia. Bamidgeh, v.38, p.3-12, 1986b.
Watanabe, T. Fish nutrition and maniculture. Jica Textbook. The General Aquaculture Course. 1988. 233p.
Watanabe, T.; Kiron, V.; Satoh, S. Trace mineral in fish nutrition. Aquaculture, v. 151, p.185-207, 1997.
Watanabe, T.; Murakami, A.; Takeuchi, L.; Nose, T.; Ogino, C. Requirement of chum salmon held in freswater for dietary phosphorus. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries,v.46, p.361-367, 1980a.
Watanabe, T.; Takeuchi, T.; Murakami, A.; Ogino, C. The availability to Tilapia nilotica of phosphorus in white fish meal. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, v.46, p.897-899, 1980b.
Watanabe, T.; Satoh, S.; Takeuchi, T. Availability of minerals in fish meal to fish. Asian Fisheries Science, v.1, p.175-195, 1988.
Yamada, J. On the mechanism of the appearance of the scale structure: VI. Some observations associating with the absorption of scale in the goldfish. Bulletin of Faculty of Fisheries Hokkaido University, v.7, p.202-207, 1956.
Yone, Y.; Fujii, M.; Toshima, N. The utilization of phosphorus in fish meal by carp and black sea bream. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, v.45, p.735-756, 1979.
Barbosa Ribeiro, F.; Teixeira Lanna, E.A.; Delmondes Bomfim, M.A.; Juarez Lopes, D.; Saraiva de Freitas, A.; De Sousa, M.P.; Quadros, M. Níveis de fósforo total em dietas para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.35, n.4, p.1588-1593, 2006.
Boscolo, W.R.; Feiden, A.; Reidel, A.; Broll, F.; Holdefer, A.M.; Dos Santos, R.V.; Maranhão, T.C.F. Exigência de fósforo da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) na fase de crescimento. Varia Scientia, Cascavel, v.3, n.1, p.115-124, 2003.
Boscolo, W.G.; Feiden, A.; Bombardelli, R.A.; Signor, A.; Gentelini, A.L.; De Souza, B.E. Exigência de fósforo para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences, v. 27, n.1, p. 87-91, 2005.
Boscolo, W.R.; C. Hayashi; A. Feiden; F. Meurer e A.A. Signor. Composição química e digestibilidade aparente da energia e nutrientes da farinha de resíduos da indústria de filetagem de tilápias, para a tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Ciência Rural, n.38, p.2579-2586, 2008.
Chow, K.W.; Schell, W.R. The minerals. In: Fish Feed Technology. Aquaculture development and cordination programme. FAO/UNDP, Italia-Roma, 1980. p.104-108.
Coon,C.; Leske, K.; Seo, S. The availability os calcium and phosphorus in feedstuffs. In: McNab, M.J. & Boormn, K.N. (Eds.). Poultry feddstuffs: supply, composition and nutritive value. Cab International, 2002. p.151-179.
Cunha, T.J. Present status on swine feeding and nutrition. Hoffmann La Roche. Basle, 1967. 20p.
Dabrowska, H.; Meye-Burgdorff, K.H.; Gunther, K.D. Interaction between dietary protein and magnesium level in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture, v.76, p.277-291, 1989.
Da Silva, A.Y.H.; Cozzolino, S.M.F. Fósforo. In: Cozzolino, S.M.F. Biodisponibilidade de nutrientes. 2ª Ed. Manole Interesse Geral: Barueri, SP, 2007. p.447-458.
De Silva, S.S.; Anderson, T.A. Fish Nutrition in Aquaculture. London: Chapman & Hall, 1995. 319p.
English, W.R.; Schwedler, T.E.; Dyck, L.A. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, a toxic blue green alga in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, ponds: a case history. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, v.3, p.195-209, 1993.
Eya, J.C.; Lovell, R.T. Net absorption of dietary phosphorus from various inorganic sources and effect of fungal phytase on net absorption of plant phosphorus by channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Journal of world aquaculture society, v.28, p.386-391, 1997.
Freire, E.S.; L.E. Pezzato e M.M. Barros. Coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente e valores de aminoácidos digestíveis do sorgo baixo e alto tanino pela tilápia do Nilo. Veterinária e Zootecnia, n.12, p.77-89, 2005.
Furuya, W.M. Digestibilidade aparente de aminoácidos e substituição da proteína da farinha de peixes pela proteína do farelo de soja com base no conceito de proteína ideal em rações para a tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Botucatu, SP: Universidade Estadual Paulista, 2000. 70p.
Tesse (Doutorado em Zotecnia). ________. (Editor). Tabelas brasileiras para a nutrição de tilápias. Toledo: GFM, 2010. 100p.
Furuya, W.M.; Pezzato, L.E; Miranda, E.C.; Rossetto, B.V.; Barros, M.M. Coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da energia e nutrientes de alguns ingredientes pela tilápia do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) (Linhagem Tailandesa). Acta Scientiarum, Maringá, v.23, n.2, p.465-469, 2001.
Garrod, D.J.; Newell, B.S. Ring formation in Tilapia esculenta. Nature, v.181, p.1411-1412, 1958.
Gonçalves, G.S.; Pezzato, L.E.; Padilha, P.M. et al. Disponibilidade aparente do fósforo em alimentos vegetais e suplementação da enzima fitase para tilápia do Nilo. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, vol.36, n.5, suppl, p.1473-1480, 2007.
Guimarães, I.G.; Pezzato, L.E.; Barros, M.M. et al. Coeficiente de digestibilidade dos nutrientes e disponibilidade de minerais em alimentos protéicos extrusados para tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). In: 44ª Reunião Anual da Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia. O avanço científico e tecnológico na produção animal, 2007. Jaboticabal, Anais... Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil: SBZ, 2007. A-513.
Haylor, G.S.; Beverigde, M.C.M.; Jauncey, K. Phosphorus nutrition of juvenile Oreochromis niloticus. In: The Second International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture, 1998, Manila. Proceedings... Manila: Department of Fisheries, 1988. p.341-345.
Hepher, B. Nutrición de peces comerciales en estanques. Primera Edición. México: Ed. Limusa S.A., 1993. 407p.
Jongbloed, A.W.; Kemme, P.A. Apparent digestible phosphorus in the feeding of pigs in relation to availability, requirement and environment: 1. Digestible phosphorus in feedstuffs from plant and animal origin. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Sciences, v.38, p.567-575, 1990.
Jongbloed AW, Everts H, Kemme PA, Mroz Z. Quantification of absorbability and requirements of macroelements. In: A Quantitative Biology of the Pig. Kyriazakis I, editor. New York: CABI Publishing; 1999. p.275-298.
Ketola, H.G. Requirements of Atlantic salmon for dietary phosphorus. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v.104, p.548- 551, 1975.
Lall, S.P. The Minerals. In: Halver, J.E. & Hardy, R.W. (Eds.). Fish Nutrition, Third Edition, Elsevier Science (USA), 2002. p.259-308.
Lall, S.P.; Lewis-McCrea, L.M. Role of nutrients in skeletal metabolism and pathology in fish - An overview. Aquaculture, v.267, p.3-19, 2007.
Lellis, W.A.; Barrows, F.T.; Hardy, R.W. Effects of phase-feeding dietary phosphorus on survival, growth, and processing characteristics of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, v.242, p.607-616, 2004.
Li, M.H.; Robinson, E.H. Phosphorus availability of common feedstuffs to channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) as measured by weight gain and bone mineralization. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, v.27, n.3, 1996.
Lovell, R.T. Dietary phosphorus requirements of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v.107, p.617-621, 1978.
Martini, L.A. Cálcio e fósforo. In: Vannucchi, H; Cardoso, M.A. (Eds.). Nutrição Humana. Ed. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Gaunabara koogan, 2006, v.1. p.219-236.
McDowell, L.R. Minerals in animal and human nutrition. San Diego, California: Academic Press Limited, 1992. 524p.
Mckay, L.R., Gjerde, B. Genetic variation for spinal deformity in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Aquaculture, v.52, p.263-272, 1986.
Miranda, E.C.; Pezzato, A.C.; Pezzato, L.E.; Graner, C.F.; Rosa, G.J.; Quintero-Pinto, L.G. Relação Cálcio/Fósforo Disponível em Rações para Tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.29, n.6, p.2162-2171, 2000.
National Research Council –NRC–. Nutrient requirements of fish. The National Academy of Sciences, Washington (D.C.), 1993. 114p.
O´Connell, J.P.; Gatlin, D.M. Effects of dietary calcium and vitamin D3 on weight gain and mineral composition of the blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) in-calcium water. Aquaculture, v.125, p.107-117, 1994.
Ogino, C.; Kamizono, M. Mineral requirementes in fish.I. Effects of dietary salt-mixture levels on growth, mortality and body composition in rainbow trout and carp. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, v.41, p.429-434, 1975.
Ogino, C.; Takeda, H. Mineral requirements in fish. 3. Calcium and phosphorus requirements of carp. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, v.42, n.7, p.793-799, 1976.
Ogino, C.B.; Takeuchi, L.; Takeda, H.; Watanabe, T. Availability of dietary phosphorus in carp and rainbow trout. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, v.45, p.1527- 1532, 1979.
Onishi, T.; Suzuki, M.; Takeuchi, M. Change in carp hepatopancreatic activities whith dietary phosphorus levels. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, v.47, p.353- 357, 1987.
Pardo-Gamboa, B.S. Digestibilidade dos macronutrientes e disponibilidade dos minerais, pela tilápia do Nilo, das leveduras íntegra e autolisada. Botucatu, SP: Universidade Estadual Paulista, 2008. 58p.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia). Pezzato, L.E.; Santa Rosa, M.J.; Barros, M.M.; Guimarães, I.G. Exigência em fósforo disponível para alevinos de tilápia do Nilo. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v.36, n.5, p.1600- 605, 2006.
Quintero-Pinto, L.G. Exigências dietarias e disponibilidade de fontes de fósforo para tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Tese de Doutorado. Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia – UNESP, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Botucatu, SP, Brasil, 2008. 90p.
Richie, M.; Brown, P.B. Availability of phosphorus from feedstuffs fed to rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, v.142, p.269-282, 1996.
Robinson, E.H.; Labomascus, D.; Brown, P.B.; Linton, T.L. Dietary calcium and phosphorus requirements of Oreochromis aureus reared in calcium-free water. Aquaculture, v.64, p.267- 276, 1987.
Robinson, E.H.; Rawles, S.D.; Yette, H.E.; Greene, L.W. An estimate of the dietary calcium requirement of fingerling Tilapia aureus reared in calcium-free water. Aquaculture, v.41, p.389-393, 1984.
Rodehutscord, M.; Gregus, Z.; Pfeffer, E. Effect of phosphorus intake on faecal and nonfaecal phosphorus excretion in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the consequences for comparative phosphorus availability studies. Aquaculture, v.188, p.383-398, 2000.
Santos, V.G.; A.C. Fernandes Junior; J.F.A. Kock; M.M. Barros; I. Guimarães; M.M. Barros e L.E. Pezzato. Composição química e digestibilidade do farelo de nabo forrageiro para tilápia do Nilo. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, n.11, p.537-546, 2010.
Scott, M.L.; Nesheir, M.C.; Young, R.J. Nutrition of the chicken. Ithaca, New York, USA: M.L. Scott and Associates, 1976.
Silva, T.S.C.; W.M. Furuya; V.G. Santos; D. Botaro, L.C.R.; Silva, P.J.P. Sales; C. Hayashi; L.D. Santos e V.R.B. Furuya. Coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da energia e nutrientes do farelo de soja integral sem e com fitase para a tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Acta Scientiarum – Animal Sciences, n.27, p.371- 375, 2005.
Steffens, W. Principios fundamentales de la alimentación de los peces. Zaragoza: Editora Acribia, 1987. 272p.
Strain, J.J. & Cashman, K.D. Minerais e oligoelementos. In: Gibney, J.; Vorster, H.H.; Kok, F.J. (Eds.). Introdução à nutrição humana. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Guanabara – koogan, 2002. p.162-205.
Sugiura, S.H.; Dong, F.M.; Hardy, R.W. Primary responses of rainbow trout to dietary phosphorus concentrations. Aquaculture Nutrition, v.6, p.235-245, 2000.
Sugiura, S.H.; Dong, F.M.; Rathbone, C.K.; Hardy, R.W. Apparent protein digestibility and mineral availabilities in various feeds ingredients for salmonid feeds. Aquaculture, v.159, p.177- 202, 1998.
Takeuchi, M.; Nakazoe, J. Effect of dietary phosphorus on lipid content and its composition in carp. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, v.47, p.347-352, 1981.
Vander Ploeg, M.; Boyd, C.E. Geosmin production by cyanobacteria (blue green algae) in fish ponds at Auburn, Alabama. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, v.22, p.207-216, 1991.
Viola, S.; Zohar, G.; Arieli, Y. Requirements of phosphorus and its availability from different sources for intensive pond culture species in Israel. Part 2: Carp culture. Bamidgeh, v.38, p.44-54, 1986a.
________. Phosphorus requirements and its availability from different sources for intensive pond culture species in Israel. Part 1: Tilapia. Bamidgeh, v.38, p.3-12, 1986b.
Watanabe, T. Fish nutrition and maniculture. Jica Textbook. The General Aquaculture Course. 1988. 233p.
Watanabe, T.; Kiron, V.; Satoh, S. Trace mineral in fish nutrition. Aquaculture, v. 151, p.185-207, 1997.
Watanabe, T.; Murakami, A.; Takeuchi, L.; Nose, T.; Ogino, C. Requirement of chum salmon held in freswater for dietary phosphorus. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries,v.46, p.361-367, 1980a.
Watanabe, T.; Takeuchi, T.; Murakami, A.; Ogino, C. The availability to Tilapia nilotica of phosphorus in white fish meal. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, v.46, p.897-899, 1980b.
Watanabe, T.; Satoh, S.; Takeuchi, T. Availability of minerals in fish meal to fish. Asian Fisheries Science, v.1, p.175-195, 1988.
Yamada, J. On the mechanism of the appearance of the scale structure: VI. Some observations associating with the absorption of scale in the goldfish. Bulletin of Faculty of Fisheries Hokkaido University, v.7, p.202-207, 1956.
Yone, Y.; Fujii, M.; Toshima, N. The utilization of phosphorus in fish meal by carp and black sea bream. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, v.45, p.735-756, 1979.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
