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Publication Date: 2013-12-20
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Calle Restrepo, J. F. ., Fernández González, L. ., Morales Zapata, L. M. ., & Ruiz Sáenz, J. . (2013). Feline Leukemia Virus: A current pathogen requiring attention in Colombia. Revista Veterinaria Y Zootecnia (On Line), 7(2), 117–138. Retrieved from https://revistasojs.ucaldas.edu.co/index.php/vetzootec/article/view/4387
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Abstract
The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a gammaretrovirus that affectsdomestic felines all over the world and, sporadically wild felines. The most common form of transmission is the horizontal infection being more frequent the contact with saliva and milk consumption from a FeLV infected cat. Recently great advances have been achieved in the understanding and classification of FeLV infectedcatsbeing possible today to recognize four different types of infection. Clinically, the disease is characterized by the development of neoplastic, non-neoplastic and reproductive diseases.Thier definitive diagnosis can be performed by ELISA, PCR and immunocromatography. The treatment in clinically ill animals is mainly based on symptomatic management, although progress has been made in the use of antiretroviral therapy. Given its easy transmission,it is very important the prevention of infection in healthy cats through isolation of sick animals and vaccination. In Colombia some exploratory studies have been carried out which have shown that prevalence ishigher than 20% in domestic cats; however to date, there have been neither
molecular studies which allow characterization of the FeLVdevelopingin the country nor implementation of measures more focused on prevention and control have been fulfilled.
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References
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Anai, Y.; Ochi, H.; Watanabe, S. et al. Infectious endogenous retroviruses in cats and emergence of recombinant viruses. Journal of Virology, v.86, n.16, p.8634-844, 2012.
Anderson, M.M.; Lauring, A.S.; Burns, C.C. et al. Identification of a cellular cofactor required for infection by feline leukemia virus. Science, v.287, p.1828-1830, 2000.
Arjona, A.; Barquero, N.; Doménech, A. et al. Evaluation of a novel nested PCR for the routine diagnosis of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.9, n.1, p.14-22, 2007.
Belgard, S.; Truyen, U.; Thibault, J.C. et al. Relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and Bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis. Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift, v.123, n.9-10, p.369-376, 2010.
Benavides, H. Presente y futuro de la leucemia viral felina y del virus de inmunodeficiencia adquirida felina en Santafé de Bogotá 1996-1999. Seminario en medicina felina, Bogotá. Memorias. p.114-128, 2000.
Bolin, L.L.; Levy, L.S. Viral determinants of FeLV infection and pathogenesis: lessons learned from analysis of a natural cohort. Viruses, v.3, n.9, p.1681-98, 2011.
Cattori, V.; Hofmann-Lehmann R. Absolute quantitation of feline leukemia virus proviral DNA and viral RNA loads by TaqMan real-time PCR and RT-PCR. Methods Mol Biol, v.429, p.73-87, 2008.
Cattori, V.; Pepin, A.C.; Tandon, R. et al. Real-time PCR investigation of feline leukemia virus proviral and viral RNA loads in leukocyte subsets. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, v.123, n.1-2, p.124-128, 2008.
Cattori, V.; Tandon, R.; Riond, B. et al. The kinetics of feline leukaemia virus shedding in experimentally infected cats are associated with infection outcome. Veterinary Microbiology, v.133, n.3, p.292-6, 2009.
Cattori, V.; Weibel, B.; Lutz, H. Inhibition of Feline leukemia virus replication by the integrase inhibitor Raltegravir. Veterinary Microbiology, v.152, n.1-2, p.165-8, 2011.
Coelho, F.M.; Bomfim, M.R.; De Andrade Caxito, F. et al. Naturally occurring feline leukemia virus subgroup A and B infections in urban domestic cats. Journal of General Virology, v.89, n.11, p.2799-2805, 2008.
De Mari, K.; Maynard, L.; Sanquer, A. et al. Therapeutic effects of recombinant feline interferon-omega on feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infected and FeLV/feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-coinfected symptomatic cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, v.18, n.4, p.477-82, 2004.
Doménech, A.; Miró, G.; Collado, V.M. et al. Use of recombinant interferon omega in feline retrovirosis: from theory to practice. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, v.143, n.3-4, p.301-6, 2011.
Dunham, S.; Graham, E. Retroviral infections of small animals. Veterinary clinics small animal practice. Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice, v.38, n.4, p.879-901, 2008.
Eto, N.; Yazaki-Takayama, N.; Takayama, Y. et al. Immuno-chromatographic assay for diagnosis of feline leukemia virus infection. Cytotechnology, v.43, n.1-3, p.65-72, 2003.
FAB - Felin Advisory Boreau. Virus de la leucemia felina (FeLV). 2009.
Geret, C.; Cattori, V.; Meli, M. Feline Leukemia virus outbreak in the critically endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus): high-throughput sequencing of envelope variable region A and experimental transmission. Archives of Virology, v.156, n.5, p.839-854, 2011.
Gil, S.; Leal, R.O.; Duarte, A. et al. Relevance of feline interferon omega for clinical improvement and reduction of concurrent viral excretion in retrovirus infected cats from a rescue shelter. Research in Veterinary Science, v.94, n.3, p.753-763, 2013.
Greggs, W.M.; Clouser, C.L.; Patterson, S.E. et al. Broadening the use of antiretroviral therapy: the case for feline leukemia virus. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, v.7, p.115-122, 2011.
Greggs, W.M.; Clouser, C.L.; Patterson, S.E. et al. Discovery of drugs that possess activity against feline leukemia virus. Journal of General Virology, v.93, pt.4, p.900-5, 2012.
Hardy, W.D. Jr.; Hirshaut, Y.; Hess, P. Detection of the feline leukemia virus and other mammalian onornaviruses by immunofluorescence. Bibliotheca Haematologica, v.39, p.778-799, 1973.
Hartmann, K. Clinical Aspects of Feline Retroviruses: A Review. Viruses, v.4, n.11, p.2684-2710, 2012.
Hartmann, K.; Brunner, K.; Lutz, H. Treatment of feline leukemia virus infection with 3-azido-2,3- dideoxythymidine and human alpha-interferon. In: Proceedings 20th Annual American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine –ACVIM– Forum, 2002, Dallas - TX. Memorias. 2002. p.779.
Hartmann, K.; Griessmayr, P.; Schulz, B, et al. Quality of different in-clinic test systems for feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus infection. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.9, p.439-45, 2007.
Hartmann, K.; Werner, R.M.; Egberink, H. et al. Comparison of six in-house tests for the rapid diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency and feline leukaemia virus infections. Veterinary Record, v.149, n.11, p.317-20, 2001.
Hisasue, M.; Nagashima, N.; Nishigaki, K. et al. Myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia in cats infected with feline leukaemia virus clone33 containing a unique long terminal repeat. International Journal of Cancer, v.124, n.5, p.1133-41, 2009.
Hofmann-Lehmann, R.; Huder, J.B.; Gruber, S. et al. Feline leukaemia provirus load during the course of experimental infection and in naturally infected cats. Journal of General Virology, v.82, p.1589-1596, 2001.
Hulo, C.; De Castro, E.; Masson, P. et al. ViralZone. A knowledge resource to understand virus diversity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011. Disponible en: Accesado en: 09/02/2014.
Jacobson, R.H.; López, N.A. Comparative study of diagnostic testing for feline leukemia virus infection. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.199, p.1389-1391, 1991.
Jarrett, W.F.; Crawford, E.M.; Martin, W.B. et al. A virus-like particle associated with leukemia (lymphosarcoma). Nature. v.202, p.567-569, 1964a.
Jarrett, W.F.; Martin, W.B.; Crighton, G.W. et al. Transmission experiments with leukemia (lymphosarcoma). Nature, v.202, p.566-567, 1964b.
Ladlow, J. Injection site-associated sarcoma in the cat: treatment recommendations and results to date. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.15, p.409-18, 2013.
Levy, J.K.; Scott, H.M.; Lachtara, J.L.; Crawford, P.C. Seroprevalence of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infection among cats in north america and risk factors for seropositivity. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.228, p.371-376, 2006.
Levy, J.; Crawford, C.; Hartmann, K. et al. American association of feline practitioners' feline retrovirus management guidelines. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.10, p.300-316, 2008.
Little, S. A review of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence in cats in Canada. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, v.143, n.3-4, p.243-245, 2011.
MacLachlan, J.; Dubovi, E. Fenner’s Veterinary Virology. 4a ed. Elseiver. 2011. p.259-262.
Major, A.; Cattori, V.; Boenzli, E. et al. Exposure of cats to low doses of felv: Seroconversion as the sole parameter of infection. Veterinary Research, v.41, n.17, 2010.
Meli, M.L.; Cattori, V.; Martínez, F. et al. Feline leukemia virus infection: a threat for the survival of the critically endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, v.134, n.1-2, p.61-67, 2010.
Muñoz, L. Neoplasias hematopoyéticas en 10 gatos positivos al virus de leucemia felina. Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria, v.37, n.1, p.71-76, 2005.
Nakaya, Y.; Shojima, T.; Hoshino, S. et al. Focus assay on FeLIX-dependent feline leukemia virus. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, v.72, n.1, p.117-21, 2010.
Ortiz, J.F. Leucemina viral felina simultánea con otras patologías en tres casos clínicos diferentes. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias, v.24, p.55-62, 2011.
Overbaugh, J.; Riedel, N.; Hoover, E.A. et al. Transduction of endogenous envelope genes by feline leukaemia virus in vitro. Nature, v.332, p.731-734, 1988.
Pepin, A.C.; Tandon, R.; Cattori, V. et al. Cellular segregation of feline leukemia provirus and viral rna in leukocyte subsets of long-term experimentally infected cats. Virus Research, v.127, p.9-16, 2007.
Quimby, J.M.; Elston, T.; Hawley, J. et al. Evaluation of the association of Bartonella species, feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus with chronic feline gingivostomatitis. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.10, n.1, p.66-72, 2008.
Quintero, G.; Yepes, J. Estudios preliminares de la leucemia viral felina en Santafé de Bogotá. Bogotá, Colombia: Universidad de la Salle, 1994. Trabajo de grado.
Risi, E.; Agoulon, A.; Allaire, F. et al. Antibody response to vaccines for rhinotracheitis, caliciviral disease, panleukopenia, feline leukemia, and rabies in tigers (Panthera tigris) and lions (Panthera leo). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v.43, n.2, p.248-55, 2012.
Rivas, R.; Ginel, D.; Camacho M. Enfermedades por inmunosupresión asociadas al virus de la leucemia felina. Clínica Veterinaria de Pequeños Animales – Avepa, v.16, n.3, p.142-164, 1996.
Roca, A.L.; Nash, W.G.; Menninger, J.C. et al. Insertional polymorphisms of endogenous feline leukemia viruses. Journal of Virology, v.79, p.3979- 3986, 2005.
Roca, A.L., Pecon-Slattery, J., O’Brien, S.J. Genomically intact endogenous feline leukemia viruses of recent origin. Journal of Virology, v.78, p.4370- 4375, 2004.
Sand, C.; Englert, T.; Egberink, H. et al. Evaluation of a new in-clinic test system to detect feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infection. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, v.39, n.2, p.210-4, 2010.
Schlecht-Louf, G.; Mangeney, M., El-Garch, H. et al. A Targeted Mutation within the Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) Envelope Protein Immunosuppressive Domain To Improve a Canarypox Virus-Vectored FeLV Vaccine. Journal of Virology, v.88, n.2, p.992-1001, 2014.
Sheets, R.L., Pandey, R., Klement, V. et al. Biologically selected recombinants between feline leukemia virus (FeLV) subgroup A and an endogenous FeLV element. Virology, v.190, p.849-855, 1992.
Shojima, T.; Nakata, R.; Miyazawa, T. Host cell range of T-lymphotropic feline leukemia virus in vitro. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, v.345, n.4, p.1466-70, 2006.
Stewart, H.; Adema, K.W.; McMonagle, E.L. et al. Identification of novel subgroup A variants with enhanced receptor binding and replicative capacity in primary isolates of anaemogenic strains of feline leukaemia virus. Retrovirology, v.9, n.48, 2012.
Stewart, H.; Jarrett, O.; Hosie, M.J. et al. Are endogenous feline leukemia viruses really endogenous? Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, v.143, n.3-4, p.325-31, 2011.
Stewart, H.; Jarrett, O.; Hosie, M.J. et al. Complete genome sequences of two feline leukemia virus subgroup B isolates with novel recombination sites. Genome Announcements, v.1, n.1, 2013.
Stuetzer, B.; Brunner, K.; Lutz, H. et al. A trial with 3’- azido-2’,3’-dideoxythymidine and human interferon-α in cats naturally infected with feline leukaemia virus. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.15, n.8, p.667-71, 2013.
Stützer, B.; Simon, K.; Lutz, H. et al. Incidence of persistent viremia and latent feline leukemia virus infection in cats with lymphoma. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.13, n.2, p.81-7, 2011.
Tique, V.; Sánchez, A.; Álvarez, L. et al. Seroprevalencia del virus de leucemia e inmunodeficiencia felina en gatos de Montería, Córdoba. Revista de la facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, v.56, p.85-94, 2009.
Torres, A.N.; Mathiason, C.K.; Hoover, E.A. Reexamination of feline leukemia virus: Host relationships using real-time pcr. Virology, v.332, p.272-283, 2005.
Vobis, M.; D’Haese, J.; Mehlhorn, H. et al. Evidence of horizontal transmission of feline leukemia virus by the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis). Parasitology Research, v.91, n.6, p.467-70, 2003.
Willett, B.J.; Hosie, M.J. Feline leukaemia virus: half a century since its discovery. The Veterinary Journal, v.195, n.1, p.16-23, 2013.
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Anai, Y.; Ochi, H.; Watanabe, S. et al. Infectious endogenous retroviruses in cats and emergence of recombinant viruses. Journal of Virology, v.86, n.16, p.8634-844, 2012.
Anderson, M.M.; Lauring, A.S.; Burns, C.C. et al. Identification of a cellular cofactor required for infection by feline leukemia virus. Science, v.287, p.1828-1830, 2000.
Arjona, A.; Barquero, N.; Doménech, A. et al. Evaluation of a novel nested PCR for the routine diagnosis of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.9, n.1, p.14-22, 2007.
Belgard, S.; Truyen, U.; Thibault, J.C. et al. Relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and Bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis. Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift, v.123, n.9-10, p.369-376, 2010.
Benavides, H. Presente y futuro de la leucemia viral felina y del virus de inmunodeficiencia adquirida felina en Santafé de Bogotá 1996-1999. Seminario en medicina felina, Bogotá. Memorias. p.114-128, 2000.
Bolin, L.L.; Levy, L.S. Viral determinants of FeLV infection and pathogenesis: lessons learned from analysis of a natural cohort. Viruses, v.3, n.9, p.1681-98, 2011.
Cattori, V.; Hofmann-Lehmann R. Absolute quantitation of feline leukemia virus proviral DNA and viral RNA loads by TaqMan real-time PCR and RT-PCR. Methods Mol Biol, v.429, p.73-87, 2008.
Cattori, V.; Pepin, A.C.; Tandon, R. et al. Real-time PCR investigation of feline leukemia virus proviral and viral RNA loads in leukocyte subsets. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, v.123, n.1-2, p.124-128, 2008.
Cattori, V.; Tandon, R.; Riond, B. et al. The kinetics of feline leukaemia virus shedding in experimentally infected cats are associated with infection outcome. Veterinary Microbiology, v.133, n.3, p.292-6, 2009.
Cattori, V.; Weibel, B.; Lutz, H. Inhibition of Feline leukemia virus replication by the integrase inhibitor Raltegravir. Veterinary Microbiology, v.152, n.1-2, p.165-8, 2011.
Coelho, F.M.; Bomfim, M.R.; De Andrade Caxito, F. et al. Naturally occurring feline leukemia virus subgroup A and B infections in urban domestic cats. Journal of General Virology, v.89, n.11, p.2799-2805, 2008.
De Mari, K.; Maynard, L.; Sanquer, A. et al. Therapeutic effects of recombinant feline interferon-omega on feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infected and FeLV/feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-coinfected symptomatic cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, v.18, n.4, p.477-82, 2004.
Doménech, A.; Miró, G.; Collado, V.M. et al. Use of recombinant interferon omega in feline retrovirosis: from theory to practice. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, v.143, n.3-4, p.301-6, 2011.
Dunham, S.; Graham, E. Retroviral infections of small animals. Veterinary clinics small animal practice. Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice, v.38, n.4, p.879-901, 2008.
Eto, N.; Yazaki-Takayama, N.; Takayama, Y. et al. Immuno-chromatographic assay for diagnosis of feline leukemia virus infection. Cytotechnology, v.43, n.1-3, p.65-72, 2003.
FAB - Felin Advisory Boreau. Virus de la leucemia felina (FeLV). 2009.
Geret, C.; Cattori, V.; Meli, M. Feline Leukemia virus outbreak in the critically endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus): high-throughput sequencing of envelope variable region A and experimental transmission. Archives of Virology, v.156, n.5, p.839-854, 2011.
Gil, S.; Leal, R.O.; Duarte, A. et al. Relevance of feline interferon omega for clinical improvement and reduction of concurrent viral excretion in retrovirus infected cats from a rescue shelter. Research in Veterinary Science, v.94, n.3, p.753-763, 2013.
Greggs, W.M.; Clouser, C.L.; Patterson, S.E. et al. Broadening the use of antiretroviral therapy: the case for feline leukemia virus. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, v.7, p.115-122, 2011.
Greggs, W.M.; Clouser, C.L.; Patterson, S.E. et al. Discovery of drugs that possess activity against feline leukemia virus. Journal of General Virology, v.93, pt.4, p.900-5, 2012.
Hardy, W.D. Jr.; Hirshaut, Y.; Hess, P. Detection of the feline leukemia virus and other mammalian onornaviruses by immunofluorescence. Bibliotheca Haematologica, v.39, p.778-799, 1973.
Hartmann, K. Clinical Aspects of Feline Retroviruses: A Review. Viruses, v.4, n.11, p.2684-2710, 2012.
Hartmann, K.; Brunner, K.; Lutz, H. Treatment of feline leukemia virus infection with 3-azido-2,3- dideoxythymidine and human alpha-interferon. In: Proceedings 20th Annual American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine –ACVIM– Forum, 2002, Dallas - TX. Memorias. 2002. p.779.
Hartmann, K.; Griessmayr, P.; Schulz, B, et al. Quality of different in-clinic test systems for feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus infection. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.9, p.439-45, 2007.
Hartmann, K.; Werner, R.M.; Egberink, H. et al. Comparison of six in-house tests for the rapid diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency and feline leukaemia virus infections. Veterinary Record, v.149, n.11, p.317-20, 2001.
Hisasue, M.; Nagashima, N.; Nishigaki, K. et al. Myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia in cats infected with feline leukaemia virus clone33 containing a unique long terminal repeat. International Journal of Cancer, v.124, n.5, p.1133-41, 2009.
Hofmann-Lehmann, R.; Huder, J.B.; Gruber, S. et al. Feline leukaemia provirus load during the course of experimental infection and in naturally infected cats. Journal of General Virology, v.82, p.1589-1596, 2001.
Hulo, C.; De Castro, E.; Masson, P. et al. ViralZone. A knowledge resource to understand virus diversity. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011. Disponible en:
Jacobson, R.H.; López, N.A. Comparative study of diagnostic testing for feline leukemia virus infection. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.199, p.1389-1391, 1991.
Jarrett, W.F.; Crawford, E.M.; Martin, W.B. et al. A virus-like particle associated with leukemia (lymphosarcoma). Nature. v.202, p.567-569, 1964a.
Jarrett, W.F.; Martin, W.B.; Crighton, G.W. et al. Transmission experiments with leukemia (lymphosarcoma). Nature, v.202, p.566-567, 1964b.
Ladlow, J. Injection site-associated sarcoma in the cat: treatment recommendations and results to date. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.15, p.409-18, 2013.
Levy, J.K.; Scott, H.M.; Lachtara, J.L.; Crawford, P.C. Seroprevalence of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infection among cats in north america and risk factors for seropositivity. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v.228, p.371-376, 2006.
Levy, J.; Crawford, C.; Hartmann, K. et al. American association of feline practitioners' feline retrovirus management guidelines. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.10, p.300-316, 2008.
Little, S. A review of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence in cats in Canada. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, v.143, n.3-4, p.243-245, 2011.
MacLachlan, J.; Dubovi, E. Fenner’s Veterinary Virology. 4a ed. Elseiver. 2011. p.259-262.
Major, A.; Cattori, V.; Boenzli, E. et al. Exposure of cats to low doses of felv: Seroconversion as the sole parameter of infection. Veterinary Research, v.41, n.17, 2010.
Meli, M.L.; Cattori, V.; Martínez, F. et al. Feline leukemia virus infection: a threat for the survival of the critically endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, v.134, n.1-2, p.61-67, 2010.
Muñoz, L. Neoplasias hematopoyéticas en 10 gatos positivos al virus de leucemia felina. Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria, v.37, n.1, p.71-76, 2005.
Nakaya, Y.; Shojima, T.; Hoshino, S. et al. Focus assay on FeLIX-dependent feline leukemia virus. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, v.72, n.1, p.117-21, 2010.
Ortiz, J.F. Leucemina viral felina simultánea con otras patologías en tres casos clínicos diferentes. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias, v.24, p.55-62, 2011.
Overbaugh, J.; Riedel, N.; Hoover, E.A. et al. Transduction of endogenous envelope genes by feline leukaemia virus in vitro. Nature, v.332, p.731-734, 1988.
Pepin, A.C.; Tandon, R.; Cattori, V. et al. Cellular segregation of feline leukemia provirus and viral rna in leukocyte subsets of long-term experimentally infected cats. Virus Research, v.127, p.9-16, 2007.
Quimby, J.M.; Elston, T.; Hawley, J. et al. Evaluation of the association of Bartonella species, feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus with chronic feline gingivostomatitis. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.10, n.1, p.66-72, 2008.
Quintero, G.; Yepes, J. Estudios preliminares de la leucemia viral felina en Santafé de Bogotá. Bogotá, Colombia: Universidad de la Salle, 1994. Trabajo de grado.
Risi, E.; Agoulon, A.; Allaire, F. et al. Antibody response to vaccines for rhinotracheitis, caliciviral disease, panleukopenia, feline leukemia, and rabies in tigers (Panthera tigris) and lions (Panthera leo). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v.43, n.2, p.248-55, 2012.
Rivas, R.; Ginel, D.; Camacho M. Enfermedades por inmunosupresión asociadas al virus de la leucemia felina. Clínica Veterinaria de Pequeños Animales – Avepa, v.16, n.3, p.142-164, 1996.
Roca, A.L.; Nash, W.G.; Menninger, J.C. et al. Insertional polymorphisms of endogenous feline leukemia viruses. Journal of Virology, v.79, p.3979- 3986, 2005.
Roca, A.L., Pecon-Slattery, J., O’Brien, S.J. Genomically intact endogenous feline leukemia viruses of recent origin. Journal of Virology, v.78, p.4370- 4375, 2004.
Sand, C.; Englert, T.; Egberink, H. et al. Evaluation of a new in-clinic test system to detect feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infection. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, v.39, n.2, p.210-4, 2010.
Schlecht-Louf, G.; Mangeney, M., El-Garch, H. et al. A Targeted Mutation within the Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) Envelope Protein Immunosuppressive Domain To Improve a Canarypox Virus-Vectored FeLV Vaccine. Journal of Virology, v.88, n.2, p.992-1001, 2014.
Sheets, R.L., Pandey, R., Klement, V. et al. Biologically selected recombinants between feline leukemia virus (FeLV) subgroup A and an endogenous FeLV element. Virology, v.190, p.849-855, 1992.
Shojima, T.; Nakata, R.; Miyazawa, T. Host cell range of T-lymphotropic feline leukemia virus in vitro. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, v.345, n.4, p.1466-70, 2006.
Stewart, H.; Adema, K.W.; McMonagle, E.L. et al. Identification of novel subgroup A variants with enhanced receptor binding and replicative capacity in primary isolates of anaemogenic strains of feline leukaemia virus. Retrovirology, v.9, n.48, 2012.
Stewart, H.; Jarrett, O.; Hosie, M.J. et al. Are endogenous feline leukemia viruses really endogenous? Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, v.143, n.3-4, p.325-31, 2011.
Stewart, H.; Jarrett, O.; Hosie, M.J. et al. Complete genome sequences of two feline leukemia virus subgroup B isolates with novel recombination sites. Genome Announcements, v.1, n.1, 2013.
Stuetzer, B.; Brunner, K.; Lutz, H. et al. A trial with 3’- azido-2’,3’-dideoxythymidine and human interferon-α in cats naturally infected with feline leukaemia virus. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.15, n.8, p.667-71, 2013.
Stützer, B.; Simon, K.; Lutz, H. et al. Incidence of persistent viremia and latent feline leukemia virus infection in cats with lymphoma. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, v.13, n.2, p.81-7, 2011.
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