Análisis del desempeño técnico económico de un hato lechero en Colombia: estudio de caso

Abstract

In accordance with the current regulations for the payment of milk in Colombia producers should point decision making on crossing based on the impact it has on the income level.The objective of this study was to analyze productive, reproductive and quality of milk parameters in Holstein (HO), Jersey (JE) cows and their crosses to generate useful information that would contribute to the management of dairy herds. The data correspond to a system of specialized milk production on technical parameters over 15 years (1998-2012). A univariate analysis was performed determining the mean and standard deviation for productive parameters and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the comparison of means. The results showed that the Jersey breed has the best compositional quality parameters: fat 4.39 %, protein 3.68 % vs. 3.24 % and 3.12 % (P<0,05) compared to the Holstein breed, while adjusted lactation (305 days) of Holstein was 5,277 l vs. 4,844 l for Jersey (P<0,05). Real lactation for Holstein and Jersey was similar, 5,665 l vs. 5,686 l (P<0.05). The first calving interval service (FCS) was 81,25 days for Holstein and 72.77 days for Jersey (P<0.05) while the calving interval (CI) was lower for Holstein, 414 days vs. 446 days in for Jersey (P<0.05); in the open days (OD) parameter and calving interval (CI) Jersey x Holstein was significantly better. Regarding economic parameters, if milk payment were done because of parameters such as fat and protein, Jersey would be the breed of choice.

Keywords:

gestión de hatos

ingresos

parámetros reproductivos

calidad leche

management of herds

income

reproductive parameters

milk quality

References

Alfaro-Rodríguez, D.; Guerrón-Reascos, J.M. Evaluación productiva y reproductiva de las razas Holstein, Jersey y sus cruzamientos, en la región de San Carlos, Costa Rica, utilizando el programa vampp®. Zamorano, Honduras: Escuela Agrícola Panamericana El Zamorano, 2007. 25p. Tesis (Ingeniero Agrónomo en el grado académico de licenciatura)

Anrique, R.; Burgos, C.; González, H. Efecto de incorporar la raza jersey a traves de cruzamientos sobre producción y composición de leche. Agro Sur., v. 31, n. 2, p. 69-74, 2003.

Auldist, M. et al. Comparative reproductive performance and early lactation productivity of Jersey x Holstein cows in predominantly Holstein herds in a pasture-based dairying system. Journal of Dairy Science, v. 90,n. 10, p. 4856-4862, 2007.

Bjelland, D. et al. Production, reproduction, health, and growth traits in backcross Holstein x Jersey cows and their Holstein contemporaries. Journal of Dairy Science, v. 94,n. 10, p. 5194-5203, 2011.

Bland, J.; Grandison, A.; Fagan, C. Effect of blending jersey and Holstein-friesian milk on cheddar cheese processing, composition, and quality. Journal of Dairy Science, v. 98,n. 1, p. 1-8, 2015.

Bolívar, D. et al. Productividad de vacas Jersey, Holstein y Jersey/Holstein en una zona de bosque húmedo montano bajo (bh-mb). Livestock Research for Rural Development, v. 21,n. 6, 2009.

Campos, M. et al. Genetic parameters for yield and reproductive traits of Holstein and Jersey cattle in florida. Journal of Dairy Science, v. 77,n. 3, p. 867-873, 1994.

Cerón-Muñoz, M.F.; Galeano-Vasco, L.F.; Restrepo-Betancur, L.F. Modelación aplicada a las ciencias animales: diseño experimental, con implementación del programa r-project. 1. ed. Medellín, Colombia: Biogénesis, 2013. 165p.

Echeverri, J.; Salazar, V.; Parra, J. Análisis comparativo de los grupos genéticos Holstein, Jersey y algunos de sus cruces en un hato lechero del norte de antioquia en colombia. Zootecnia Tropical, v. 29,n. 1, p. 49-59, 2011.

Haile-Mariam, M.; Bowman, P.J.; Pryce, J.E. Genetic analyses of fertility and predictor traits in Holstein herds with low and high mean calving intervals and in Jersey herd. Journal of Dairy Science, v. 96, n. 1, p. 655-667, 2013.

Heins, B.; Hansen, L.; Seykora, A. Fertility and survival of pure Holsteins versus crossbreds of Holstein with normande, montbeliarde, and scandinavian red.Journal of Dairy Science, v. 89,n. 12, p. 4944-4951, 2006.

Heins, B. et al. Crossbreds of Jersey x Holstein compared with pure Holsteins for body weight, body condition score, dry matter intake, and feed efficiency during the first one hundred fifty days of first lactation. Journal of Dairy Science, v. 91,n. 9, p. 3716-3722, 2008.

Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural. Resolución 017 de 2012. Bogotá, Colombia: Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, 2012.

McAllister, A. Is crossbreeding the answer to questions of dairy breed utilization?Journal of Dairy Science, v. 85,n. 9, p. 2352-2357, 2002.

Morante-Brigneti, L.I.; Trejo-Ramos, C.O. Evaluación del comportamiento productivo y reproductivo de cruces raciales en 13 fincas lecheras de Honduras. Zamorano, Honduras: Escuela Agrícola Panamericana, 2003. 27p.

Prendiville, R. et al. A comparison between Holstein-friesian and Jersey dairy cows and their f-1 cross with regard to milk yield, somatic cell score, mastitis, and milking characteristics under grazing conditions. Journal of Dairy Science, v. 93,n. 6, p. 2741-2750, 2010.

VanRaden, P.M.; Sanders, A.H. Economic Merit of Crossbred and Purebred US Dairy Cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, v. 86, n. 3, p. 1036-1044, 2003.

Vargas-Leitón, B; Marín-Marín, J.J.; Romero-Zúñiga, J.J. Comparación bioeconómica de grupos raciales Holstein, Jersey y Holstein x Jersey en Costa Rica Bioeconomic comparison of breed types Holstein, Jersey and Holstein x Jersey in Costa Rica. Agron. Mesoam., v. 23, n. 2, p. 329-342, 2012.

Weigel, K.A.; Barlass, K.A. Results of a producer survey regarding crossbreeding on us dairy farms. Journal of Dairy Science, v. 86,n. 12, p. 4148-4154, 2003.

White T.L. Reproductive performance of Holstein-friesian x Jersey crossbreds in predominantly Holstein herds. Melbourne, Australia: The University of Melbourne, 2001.